Annuzzi et al. (1983) [4] |
Hospital diabetes clinic; Italy |
124 NGT, 62 IGT |
DB |
Not provided |
No differences |
Age, BMI |
Fujimoto et al. (1987) [5] |
Community-based study; USA (Japanese-American men) |
79 NGT, 72 IGT |
DB |
Not provided |
No differences |
Fasting glucose |
Gerritsen et al. (2000) [6] |
Hoorn study; the Netherlands |
288 NGT, 169 IGT |
Short-term HRV, BRS, DB, LS, OH |
Not provided |
↓SDNN |
Age, antihypertensive drugsa
|
Singh et al. (2000) [7] |
Framingham Heart Study; USA |
1,779 NFG, 56 IFG |
Short-term HRV |
Not provided |
↓SDNN, HF and LF. Differences no more present after adjusting for covariates |
Fasting glucose |
Schroeder et al. (2005) [8] |
ARIC study; USA |
5,410 NFG, 3,561 IFG |
Short-term HRV |
Not provided |
↓RR interval and rMSSD at baseline. No differences in the rate of change in HRV |
Fasting glucose (weak association at baseline) |
Perciaccante et al. (2006) [9] |
Hospital diabetes clinic; Italy |
20 control, 20 IFG, 20 IGT |
24 hr HRV |
Not provided |
↓SDNN, low TP, and ↑LFnu in IFG and IGT |
HOMA-I |
Stein et al. (2007) [10] |
Cardiovascular Health Study; USA |
536 NFG, 545 IFG |
24 hr HRV |
Not provided |
↓RR interval, SDNN and TP in IFG subgroup 2 (fasting glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/L) |
Fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome componentsa
|
Wu et al. (2007) [11] |
Population-based study; Taiwan |
983 NGT, 163 IFG, 188 IGT |
Short-term HRV, DB, LS |
Not provided |
↓SDNN and DB in IFG and IGT; ↓LS and HF in IGT; only IGT associated with LS, HF power and LF:HF after adjustment |
Not provided |
Isak et al. (2008) [12] |
University clinic; Turkey |
25 NGT, 25 IGT |
DB, LS, VM, OH, Handgrip, Sudomotor function |
Not provided |
No differences apart from in sympathetic skin response |
Not provided |
Laitinen et al. (2011) [13] |
Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study; Finland |
268 IGT |
DB, OH |
25% Abnormal DB, 6% abnormal OH |
Not provided (no control group) |
Age, BMI, waist, triglycerides (in men) |
Putz et al. (2013) [14] |
Hospital diabetes clinic; Hungary |
40 NGT, 75 IGT |
DB, LS, VM, OH Handgrip test, Triangle index |
IGT: 57.5% one abnormal test |
↓DB, Valsalva ratio, OH, handgrip test, and triangle index |
Not provided |
Ziegler et al. (2015) [15] |
KORA S4 Study; Germany (55–74 yr) |
565 NGT, 336 IFG, 72 IGT, 151 IFG-IGT |
4 Out of 120 short-term HRV indices |
NGT: 4.5% |
4 and 6 HRV measures more frequently abnormal in IFG and IFG-IGT, respectively |
HR, BMI, hypertension, smoking, creatinine, drugs suppressing HRV as predictors of diminished HRVa
|
IFG: 8.1% |
IGT: 5.9% |
IFG-IGT: 11.4% |
Tiftikcioglu et al. (2016) [16] |
Hospital neurology clinic; Turkey |
30 NGT, 25 IGT |
Short-term HRV, Sudomotor function |
Not provided |
↓SDNN, CV, TP, LF, LF:HF in IGT |
Not provided |
Dimova et al. (2017) [17] |
Hospital diabetes clinic; Bulgaria |
1,130 NGT, 25 IFG, 102 IGT |
8 Short-term HRV indices |
NGT: 12.3% |
↓Sympathetic and parasympathetic spectral indices in IFG and IGT |
Age, QTc-i, waist for sympathetic and parasympathetic indices;a DBP, 2 hr BG for sympathetic indicesa
|
IFG: 13.2% |
IGT: 20.6% |