Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Volume 32(2); April 2008

Review

Clinical Implication of Adiponectin.: Soo Lim, Hak Chul Jang; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):85-97. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.85

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Adipose tissue is now considered as an active hormone-secreting organ, which secretes a number of biologically active adipokines such as free fatty acids, leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). Among these, adiponectin has attracted considerable attention as an adipokine that has important role in the development of type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin was discovered to be the most abundant adipose-specific transcript. Many epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that serum levels of adiponectin are inversely associated with body weight, especially abdominal visceral fat accumulation. Studies among Japanese and Pima Indians have reported lower concentrations of adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those with normal glucose tolerance. A low level of adiponectin was found to be a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events in the Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. We recently published that exercise, having an insulin-sensitizing effect, could be a good therapy to prevent or delay diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged women through the modification of adiponectin. These results suggest that the clinical implication of adiponectin. A number of studies have been conducted to clarify the biological role of adiponectin. Recent studies have showed that adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and glucose-lowering properties. Taken together, it is conceivable that adiponectin plays as a backbone of metabolic syndrome. Finally, pleiotropic functions of adiponectin may possibly serve to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, enhancement of adiponectin secretion or action may be a good therapeutic target for preventing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.

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Effects of the Serum Adiponectin to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Ratio on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Kwang Youn Kim, Jung Ae Hong, Ha Won Hwang, Sun Ho Lee, Ju Ri Park, Sung Hoon Yu, Jun Goo Kang, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Seong Jin Lee, Eun Gyung Hong, Doo-Man Kim, Jae Myung Yoo, Sung Hee Ihm, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Chul Sik Kim
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2015; 4(1): 7. CrossRef
TNF-α polymorphisms and coronary artery disease: Association study in the Korean population
Ho-Chan Cho, Gyeongim Yu, Mi-Young Lee, Hye-Soon Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin, Yoon-Nyun Kim
Cytokine.2013; 62(1): 104. CrossRef
The Effect of Visceral Fat Area and Adipocytokines on Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Control Study in Adult Korean Population
Kang-Kon Lee, Young-Sung Suh, Keun-Sang Yum
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2012; 21(1): 57. CrossRef
Impact of Serum Adiponectin Concentration on Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chul Sik Kim, Ju Ri Park, Sung Hoon Yu, Jun Goo Kang, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Seong Jin Lee, Eun Gyung Hong, Doo-Man Kim, Jae Myung Yoo, Sung Hee Ihm, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2012; 27(1): 31. CrossRef
Novel Adipokines
Kyung Mook Choi
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(4): 219. CrossRef

Editorial

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Adiponectin.: Kyung Mook Choi; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):98-101. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.98

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Abstract PDF

No abstract available.

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Soybean Embryo by Enhancing Adiponectin-Mediated AMP-Activated Protein KinaseαPathway in High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Jihye Hong, Sera Kim, Hyun-Sook Kim
Journal of Medicinal Food.2016; 19(6): 549. CrossRef

Original Articles

The Effects of Exendin-4 on IRS-2 Expression and Phosphorylation in INS-1 Cells.: Ji Hyun Kim, Ji Won Kim, Sung Yoon Jeon, Heon Seok Park, Dong Sik Ham, Young Hye You, Seung Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Mi Ja Kang, Kang Woo Lee, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Sung Koo Kang, Ho Young Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):102-111. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.102

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) is a key regulator of beta cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study was aimed to investigate effect of the glucolipotoxicity on apoptosis in INS-1 cell, and the effect of Exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on IRS-2 expression in the glucolipotoxicity induced INS-1 cell. The goal was to discover the new action mechanism and function of Exendin-4 in beta cell apoptosis. METHOD: INS-1 cells were cultured in glucolipotoxic condition for 2, 4 or 6 days and were categorized as G groups. Another group in which 50 nM Exendin-4 was added to INS-1 cells, cultured in glucolipotoxic condition, were named as Ex-4 groups. We investigated the expression of IRS-2 by RT-PCR, phosphorylated IRS-2 and phosphorylated Akt protein levels by western blot. We measured the apoptosis ratio of INS-1 cell in glucolipotoxic condition by TUNEL staining in both groups. RESULT: IRS-2 expression of INS-1 cells decreased with correlation to the time of exposure to glucolipotoxic condition. pIRS-2 and pAkt protein levels decreased in the similar pattern in glucolipotoxicity group. However, this effect of glucolipotoxicity on INS-1 cell was inhibited by the Exendin-4 treatment. In the Ex-4 groups, IRS-2 expression, pIRS-2 and pAkt protein levels remained at the similar level to low glucose condition state. Also, apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity was suppressed by Exendin-4 treatment significantly. CONCLUSION: We showed that the long-term treatment of Exendin-4 inhibited the apoptosis of beta cells significantly in glucolipotoxic condition and that this effect of Exendin-4 was related with IRS-2 and Akt among the beta cell's intracellular signal transduction pathway.

The Effect of Chronic High Glucose Concentration on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in INS-1 Cells.: Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Young Seo, Tae Sung Yun, Nam Kyung Kim, Yu Jin Hah, Yun Jung Kim, Ho Chan Cho, Young Yun Jang, Hye Soon Kim, Seong Yeol Ryu, In Kyu Lee, Keun Gyu Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):112-120. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.112

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure is one of the characteristic features of pancreatic beta-cells. Recent study showed that ER stress causes beta-cell dysfunction. However, little is known about the effects of high glucose concentration on induction of ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate whether exposure of high glucose concentration in rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1 cell induces ER stress and whether ER stress decreases insulin gene expression. METHODS: The effect of 30 mM glucose on insulin expression and secretion in INS-1 cells was evaluated by Northern blot analysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay. The effect of 30 mM glucose on phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and CHOP expression, which are markers of ER stress were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine whether high glucose concentration induces XBP-1 splicing. To investigate whether ER stress decreases insulin gene expression, the effect of tunicamycin on insulin mRNA expression was evaluated by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The prolonged exposure of INS-1 cells with the 30 mM glucose concentration decreased insulin mRNA expression in a time dependent manner and impaired GSIS while did not influence on cell viability. 30 mM glucose increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, XBP-1 splicing and CHOP expression in INS-1 cells. Tunicamycin-treated INS-1 increased XBP-1 splicing and decreased insulin mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: This study showed that prolonged exposure of INS-1 with high glucose concentration induces ER stress and ER stress decreases insulin gene expression. Further studies about underlying molecular mechanism by which ER stress induces beta-cell dysfunction are needed.

The Protective Effect of EGCG on INS-1 Cell in the Oxidative Stress and Mechanism.: Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Sook Jung, Chang Shin Yoon, Min Jeong Kwon, Kyung Soo Koh, Byung Doo Rhee, Jeong Hyun Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):121-130. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.121

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is important in both diabetic complications and the development and the progression of type 2 diabetes via the effects on the pancreatic beta-cells. EGCG (epigallocatechin galleate), a major constituent of green tea, has been known to have beneficial effects on various diseases through the mechanisms of antioxidant and cell signaling modulation. But, very small numbers of studies were published about the direct effects of EGCG on the pancreatic beta cell lines. We performed this study to see the protective effect of EGCG on pancreatic beta cell line under H2O2 and the mechanisms of this phenomenon. METHODS: We used INS-1 cells and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative stressor. Their viabilities were verified by MTT assay and FACS. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was assessed by total glutathione quantification kit. Western blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR for the catalase, SOD (superoxide dismutase), PI3K and Akt were performed. Functional status of INS-1 cells was tested by GSIS (glucose stimulated insulin secretion). RESULTS: The biological effects of EGCG were different according to its concentrations. 10 micrometer EGCG effectively protected hydrogen peroxide induced damage in INS-1 cells. The expression and the activity of SOD, catalase and the glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased by EGCG. EGCG significantly increased PI3K and Akt activity and its effect was inhibited partially by wortmannin. GSIS was well preserved by EGCG. CONCLUSION: EGCG in low concentration effectively protected INS-1 cells from the oxidative stress through the activation of both antioxidant systems and anti-apoptosis signaling. Further studies will be necessary for the more detailed mechanisms and the clinical implications.

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Suppressive Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate Pretreatment on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in RAW264.7 Cells Activated by Lipopolysaccharide
Eun Ji Seo, Jun Go, Ji Eun Kim, Eun Kyoung Koh, Sung Hwa Song, Ji Eun Sung, Chan Kyu Park, Hyun Ah Lee, Dong Seob Kim, Hong Joo Son, Cung Yeoul Lee, Hee Seob Lee, Dae Youn Hwang
Journal of Life Science.2015; 25(9): 961. CrossRef
The Protective Effects of Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum Extract on HIT-T15 Pancreatic β-Cells against Alloxan-induced Oxidative Stress
In-Hye Kim, Kang-Jin Cho, Jeong-Sook Ko, Jae-Hyun Kim, Ae-Son Om
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2012; 25(1): 123. CrossRef
Protective Effects of Sasa Borealis Leaves Extract on High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Ji-Young Hwang, Ji-Sook Han
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2010; 39(12): 1753. CrossRef

Cloning of Novel Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Plasmid for Gene Therapy on Diabetic Foot Ulcer.: Hye Sook Chung, Chang Shin Yoon, Min Jeong Kwon, Mi Kyung Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Kyung Soo Ko, Byung Doo Rhee, Jeong Hyun Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):131-140. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.131

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is one of the important growth factors involved in the epithelialization during cutaneous wound healing. Peptide EGF has been used for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. But the inferiority of cost-effectiveness and the inconvenience of daily application might have restricted its wide clinical usage. EGF gene therapy could dramatically improve the efficacy and inconvenience through long-term expression and bypassing the EGF degradation by hostile non-specific proteinases expressed in the wound bed. METHODS: EGF DNAs were amplified via PCR. For the more effective secretion from the transfected cell, we inserted furin cleavage site into EGF plasmids. The efficacy of novel plasmid pbeta-EGF was verified by transfection into the various animal cell lines, and the biologic potency of expressed EGF was confirmed via phosphorylation of PI3K and GSK3beta by Western blotting. RESULTS: We tested various kinds of human EGFs. One of the human EGF isoforms, EGF(828) including a membrane-anchoring domain was successfully released as the mature EGF protein in the cell culture media. Also EGF plasmid including furin cleavage site showed more than 2-fold increased EGF expression compared with the sequence without furin cleavage site. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these findings suggest that mature EGF could be released easily out of cells by modifying EGF DNA sequence. Our novel EGF plasmid DNA could markedly increase the efficiency of non-viral gene therapy for diabetic foot ulcer.

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Effective healing of diabetic skin wounds by using nonviral gene therapy based on minicircle vascular endothelial growth factor DNA and a cationic dendrimer
Min J. Kwon, Songhie An, Sunghyun Choi, Kihoon Nam, Hye S. Jung, Chang S. Yoon, Jung H. Ko, Hye J. Jun, Tae K. Kim, Soo J. Jung, Jeong H. Park, Yan Lee, Jong‐Sang Park
The Journal of Gene Medicine.2012; 14(4): 272. CrossRef

Rosiglitazone Activates AMPK and Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in OLETF Rats.: Eun Hee Cho, Ki Up Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):141-148. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.141

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance is very common in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glitazones improve insulin sensitivity by acting as a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferators -activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), and were shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and the liver. Glitazones were also shown to reduce hepatic lipogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the protective mechanism of rosiglitazone on NAFLD is associated with AMPK activation. METHODS: Twelve OLETF rats were divided into 2 groups (control, treatment, n = 6 each). LETO rats served as controls. At 35 weeks of age, treatment group received rosiglitazone 4 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, lactate and triglycerides were measured. Liver tissues from each group were processed for histological and hepatic triglyceride content analysis and western blotting. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides levels were significantly lower in treatment group than in control group. Histologic examination disclosed decreased hepatic steatosis in treatment group. Hepatic triglyceride content was also decreased in treatment group. Sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression were increased and AMPK phosphorylation was reduced in OLETF rats compared with LETO rats, and these changes were reversed by rosiglitazone treatment. CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone reduced hepatic steatosis in OLETF rats, and activated AMPK in the liver. These results suggest the role of AMPK activation in the protective action of rosiglitazone on NAFLD.

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Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan for Energy and Marcronutrient Intake in Korean Men with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Hee Jung Ahn, Kyung Ah Han, Jin Young Jang, Jae Hyuk Lee, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(3): 273. CrossRef

Association of Adiponectin and Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Normal Transaminase Levels.: Jeong Hyun Mun, Seung Eun Lee, Ji Hyun Ahn, Soon Hyun Shinn; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):149-156. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.149

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In NAFLD, insulin resistance plays an important role in the progression of liver damage. In this study, we evaluated insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, hepatic steatosis, and their association in adults with normal liver transaminase concentrations. METHODS: We analyzed 111 subjects, aged over 20 years old, who visited the Health Management Center at Chung-Ang University Hospital between May 2006 and August 2006. They had neither history nor clinical evidence of diabetes, cardiovascular or liver disease. They were divided into three groups by the degree of hepatic steatosis based on ultrasound findings. Anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples were drawn after eight hours of fasting. RESULTS: Hepatic steatosis had a positive correlation with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI. Moreover, it had a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin. Triglycerides, Adiponectin, and QUICKI were independent variables in predicting the degree of hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that triglycerides and plasma adiponectin are independent predictors of hepatic steatosis in adults with normal liver transaminase concentrations.

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Analysis of Biochemical Markers Related to Fatty Liver Patients
Jae-Hwan Cho, Jang-Sun Namgung, Jin Lee, Deog-Hwan Moon, Hae-Kag Lee
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(12): 1865. CrossRef

The Biochemical Markers of Coronary Heart Disease Correlates Better to Metabolic Syndrome Defined by WHO than by NCEP-ATP III or IDF in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients.: Dong Mee Lim, Keun Young Park, Gwan Pyo Koh; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):157-164. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.157

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is constellation of cardiovascular risk factors. There are three typically used definitions of MetS proposed by WHO, IDF and NCEP-ATP III. We conducted this study to compare the associations of MetS by WHO, IDF and NCEP-ATP III definition to various metabolic markers of coronary heart diseases in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: We enrolled 151 Korean type 2 diabetes patients in one hospital. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine, uric acid were measured. And then, we divided MetS group from non-MetS group according to three other definitions. RESULTS: Serum hsCRP level was higher in those with MetS group than non-MetS group by WHO definition (0.33 +/- 0.36 mg/dL vs 0.18 +/- 0.26 mg/dL, P < 0.001). But, there are no difference in MetS group and non-MetS group by IDF and NCEP-ATPIII definition. (By IDF, 0.28 +/- 0.31 mg/dL vs 0.25 +/- 0.34 mg/dL, P = 0.64; By NCEP-ATP III, 0.28 +/- 0.33 mg/dL vs 0.22 +/- 0.32 mg/dL, P = 0.41). Uric acid and homocysteine levels were higher in those with MetS by WHO definition (P < 0.05). Similarly, analyses according to IDF and NCEP ATP III definition showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, WHO definition of MetS has a stronger relationship with the biochemical markers of coronary heart disease in Korean type 2 diabetes patients.

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Validation of Waist-to-Height Ratio for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Prediabetes (Korean J Obes 2015;24:36-43)
Ji Min Kim, Bon Jeong Ku
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2015; 24(3): 177. CrossRef
Validation of Waist-to-Height Ratio for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Prediabetes
Ji Min Kim, Min Kyung Back, Sang Hyeon Ju, Min Young Shin, Mi Joo Kim, Yeon-hee Park, Kwang-In Park, Kyong-Hye Joung, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2015; 24(1): 36. CrossRef
The Effects of U-Health Program on Metabolic Syndrome of Workers
Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee, Young-Hyun Kwon, Kyu-Ri Min, Su-Young Myung
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 47. CrossRef
The Relationship between Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adult Males and the Parents' Family History of Diabetes
Hyung-Su Park, Jin-Gyu Jeong, Jin-Ho Yu
The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(5): 779. CrossRef
Use of Serum Homocysteine to Predict Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Men with or without Metabolic Syndrome
Ji Yeon Kang, Ill Keun Park, Ji Young Lee, Sook Hee Sung, Youn Koun Chang, Yoo Kyoung Park, Tae In Choi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(5): 500. CrossRef

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at a Single Institution.: Jee In Lee, Tae Seo Sohn, Sang Ah Chang, Jung Min Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Hyun Shik Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):165-170. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.165

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Abstract PDF

AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Hospital for past 6 years. METHODS: We reviewed the retrospective medical records of all patients admitted with a diagnosis of DKA from 2000 to 2005 in Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital. Clinical characteristics including precipitating factors and hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients (78 episodes) fulfilled criteria for inclusion in this study. Their mean age was 41.89 years. 66 episodes had a prior history of diabetes but DKA was the initial presentation in 12 episodes. 24.4% were on no treatment, 14.1% were using oral hypoglycemic agents and 53.8% were on insulin. Poor glycemic control were the most common precipitating factor (56.4%). There were 3 deaths. CONCLUSION: Our report is similar with past reports of DKA in Korea. but it is different that poor glycemic control is most common precipitating factor and mortality rate are lower than past reports. This observation suggests that many cases of DKA can be prevented by better access to medical care, proper education, and effective communication with a health care provider.

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Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Single-Center Study
Iee Ho Choi, Min Sun Kim, Pyoung Han Hwang, Dae-Yeol Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2017; 18(3): 193. CrossRef
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Elderly Patients With Hyperglycemic Emergency State at a Single Institution
Yun Jae Shin, Dae In Kim, Dong Won Lee, Beung Kwan Jeon, Jung Geun Ji, Jung Ah Lim, Young Jung Cho, Hong Woo Nam
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2016; 20(4): 185. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Clinical Significance of Ketonuria
Hae-Won Jung, Ile-Kyu Park
Laboratory Medicine Online.2012; 2(1): 15. CrossRef
A Case of Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Child with Type 2 Diabetes
Jaesung Yu, Hyunju Jin, Joontae Ko, Hoseok Kang
Journal of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology.2011; 16(1): 46. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hyperglycemic Emergency State Accompanying Rhabdomyolysis
Soo Kyoung Kim, Jong Ha Baek, Kyeong Ju Lee, Jong Ryeal Hahm, Jung Hwa Jung, Hee Jin Kim, Ho-Su Kim, Sungsu Kim, Soon Il Chung, Tae Sik Jung
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2011; 26(4): 317. CrossRef

Letters

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Aspirin Resistance in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.: Sang Yong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):171-172. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.171

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.: Ihn Suk Lee, Bon Jeong Ku, Young Kun Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):173-174. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.173

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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