Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Volume 30(6); November 2006

Review

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance.: E H Cho, E H Koh, M S Kim, J Y Park, K U Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):409-415. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.409

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The Effects of Galgunhwanggumhwangryun-tang on Glucose and Energy Metabolism in C2C12 Myotubes
Jihong Oh, Song-Yi Han, Soo Kyoung Lim, Hojun Kim
Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research.2022; 22(2): 93. CrossRef
The Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Aconitum carmichaeli Debx, and Pueraria lobata Benth on Glucose and Energy Metabolism in C2C12 Myotubes
Mi-Young Song
Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research.2015; 15(2): 131. CrossRef

Original Articles

High Glucose Modulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Through Activation of PKC-sigma-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase.: Bo Hyun Kim, Chang Won Lee, Jung Lae Park, Yang Ho Kang, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Seok Man Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):416-427. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.416

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress is thought to be one of the causative factors contributing to macrovascular complications in diabetes. However, the mechanisms of development and progression of diabetic vascular complications are poorly understood. We hypothesized that PKC-sigma isozyme contributes to ROS generation and determined their roles in the critical intermediary signaling events in high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. METHODS: We treated primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells for 72 hours with medium containing 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose (normal glucose), 30 mmol/L D-glucose (high glucose) or 5.5 mmol/L D-glucose plus 24.5 mmol/L mannitol (osmotic control). We then measured cell number, BrdU incorporation, cell cycle and superoxide production in VSM cells. Immunoblotting of PKC isozymes using phoshospecific antibodies was performed, and PKC activity was also measured. RESULTS: High glucose increased VSM cell number and BrdU incorporation and displayed significantly greater percentages of S and G2/M phases than compared to 5.5 mmol/L glucose and osmotic control. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining in high glucose-treated VSM cell was more prominent compared with normal glucose-treated VSM cell, which was significantly inhibited by DPI (10 micrometer), but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. High glucose also markedly increased activity of PKC-sigma isozyme. When VSM cells were treated with rottlerin, a specific inhibitor of PKC-sigma or transfected with PKC-sigma siRNA, NBT staining and NAD(P)H oxidase activity were significantly attenuated in the high glucose-treated VSM cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PKC-sigma markedly decreased VSM cell number by high glucose. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high glucose-induced VSM cell proliferation is dependent upon activation of PKC-sigma, which may responsible for elevated intracellular ROS production in VSM cells, and this is mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase.

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High Glucose and/or Free Fatty Acid Damage Vascular Endothelial Cells via Stimulating of NAD(P)H Oxidase-induced Superoxide Production from Neutrophils
Sang Soo Kim, Sun Young Kim, Soo Hyung Lee, Yang Ho Kang, In Ju Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Seok Man Son
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(2): 94. CrossRef

Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor on Insulin Secretion and Synthesis in INS-1 Cells.: Ju Yeon Yang, Myong Su Kang, Tak Ho Song, In Kook Jeong, Pyong Ju Seo, Hee Jin Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):428-434. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.428

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Glucocorticoids play important roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. It is well known that glucocorticoids reduce hepatic and peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin, but the roles of glucocorticoids on insulin secretion and synthesis in pancreatic beta cells are still unclear. We have investigated the direct effects of glucocorticoids on insulin secretion and synthesis in rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells. METHODS: Insulin content and 11.2 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were measured in INS-1 cells after culture with or without 1 micrometer dexamethasone (DEX). Preproinsulin mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and normalized to the internal control. Effect of RU486 on DEX-induced inhibition of GSIS and preproinsulin mRNA synthesis was evaluated. RESULTS: Insulin content of INS-1 cells cultured in RPMI containing 11.2 mM glucose in the presence of DEX was not different from that of control cells. After 1-h preincubation in 2.8 mM glucose, basal insulin secretion from cells treated with DEX did not differ from that of controls, but GSIS was significantly reduced in the cells treated with DEX in comparison to control cells. The expression of preproinsulin mRNA relative to beta-actin mRNA was also lower in the cells treated with DEX. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist improved DEX-induced inhibition of GSIS and preproinsulin mRNA synthesis. CONCLUSION: DEX inhibited GSIS and preproinsulin mRNA synthesis in INS-1 cells. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ameliorated the reduced GSIS and preproinsulin mRNA synthesis induced by DEX.

Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome.: Hong Ju Moon, Jun Goo Kang, Min Ho Jo, Byung Wan Lee, Cheol Young Park, Seong Jin Lee, Eun Kyung Hong, Jae Myoung Yu, Doo Man Kim, Sung Hee Ihm, Hyun Kyu Kim, Chong Yun Rhim, Moon Gi Choi, Hyung Joon Yoo, Sung Woo Park; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):435-441. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.435

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is equivalent as well a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the effects of DM on clinical risk factors of acute coronary syndrome by comparing DM group with Non-DM group. METHODS: A total of 847 (514 males and 333 females) patients with acute coronary syndrome was selected from 1664 patients who had undergone coronary angiography (CAG). These patients comprised 105 subjects with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI), 313 with ST elevation MI and 429 with unstable angina. According to the presence of DM, we retrospectively reviewed the measured basic demographics, biochemical markers and coronary angiographic findings. RESULTS: In the multivariated analysis, history of hypertension (P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = 0.001) and triglyceride level (P = 0.018) were independent risk factors in type 2 diabetic group. Also the frequency of multiple coronary vessel disease was higher in DM group than non-DM group on the coronary angiographic finding CONCLUSIONS: Classic risk factors for acute coronary syndrome are strong predictors in patients with type 2 DM. Among these factors, the most important powerful risk factor is history of hypertension.

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Gender-Based Differences in the Management and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Korea
Hee Tae Yu, Kwang Joon Kim, Woo-Dae Bang, Chang-Myung Oh, Ji-Yong Jang, Sung-Soo Cho, Jung-Sun Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang
Yonsei Medical Journal.2011; 52(4): 562. CrossRef

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 DM Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver.: Ji Min Kim, Ja Young Park, Hyn Kyung Nam, Ja Won Kim, Su Kyung Park, Kyung Jin Nam, Mi Kyoung Park, Hye Jeong Lee, Duk Kyu Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):442-449. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.442

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BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is rendered as one component of metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated the prevalence of MS as well as clinical and laboratory characteristics of Type 2 DM patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. METHODS: Fatty liver group (n = 71) who showed significant fatty change by ultrasonography and age, sex matched control group (n = 40) were studied retrospectively. We compared demographic and laboratory findings and prevalence of MS by modified WHO criteria and new IDF criteria between both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in age, DM duration, BMI, prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, CVA, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy between both groups. In fatty liver group, the plasma level of FBS, TG, ALT, total protein, albumin and GGT were significantly higher than those of control group (P = 0.033, P = 0.000, P = 0.002, P = 0.008, P = 0.003, P = 0.001). The plasma levels of HDL-C in fatty liver group were significantly lower than those of control group (P = 0.013). The plasma level of FBS, FFA, TG, total protein, albumin, ALT, HOMA(IR) and BMI were significantly related to the severity of fatty liver. The prevalence of MS in fatty liver group was significantly higher than that of control group by modified WHO criteria (P = 0.001) or new IDF criteria (P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: Type 2 DM patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver frequently accompanied the metabolic syndrome. They showed nonspecific changes in the liver function tests.

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Cardio-Metabolic Features of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects Discordant in the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome
Sa Rah Lee, Ying Han, Ja Won Kim, Ja Young Park, Ji Min Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Mi-Kyoung Park, Hye-Jeong Lee, Duk Kyu Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(5): 357. CrossRef
Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Korean Adults : The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005.
Mi Ah Han, So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Myung Geun Kang, Ki Soon Kim
Korean Journal of Epidemiology.2008; 30(1): 25. CrossRef

Randomized Controlled Trial

Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial about the Effect of Cilazapril on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Hypertension.: Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyoung Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Min Ho Shong, Chung Gu Cho, Byoung Hyun Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):450-458. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.450

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) improves the vascular endothelial cell function and has a better clinical outcome by decreasing the LDL cholesterol oxidation, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and improving the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlations between the ACEi and the serum markers for the vascular endothelial function in previous studies were not consistent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between July 2003 and April 2005, 104 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, who had been admitted to 9 major university hospitals in Korea, were examined. The subjects were randomly allocated to the cilazapril (2.5~5 mg/day) and atenolol (50~100 mg/day) treatment group and given a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The lipid profile and the markers for endothelial function, such as vWF, VCAM, E-selectin, tPA, fibrinogen, adiponectin, hsCRP, nitrotyrosine were evaluated and the differences in the variables were compared with those obtained 6 months later. RESULTS: A total 56 subjects completed the 6-months follow up period. Regarding the baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in the variables observed in the two groups except for HbA1c (P = 0.037), vWF (P = 0.048), and hsCRP (P = 0.038). After 6 months, both groups showed a significant and identical decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the baseline (P < 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the endothelial markers between each group. On the other hand, there was some deterioration in the triglyceride (P = 0.009) and HbA1c (P = 0.017) levels in the atenolol treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the endothelial function markers observed between the cilazapril and atenolol groups. However, cilazapril had an identical effect on the blood pressure reduction compared with atenolol but had fewer adverse effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism.

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Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise
Annabella Braschi
American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2019; 19(2): 133. CrossRef

Original Article

Effect of Sea Tangle Powder on the Regulation of Blood Glucose Level and Body Weight in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Diabetic Rats.: Hyung Woo Kim, Jae Seung Kang, Su In Kim, Wang Jae Lee; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):459-465. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.459

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Sea tangle is one of the low calorie diet and the fibers in sea tangle suppress the increase of blood glucose level. Therefore, it has a better impact than any other diets for diabetic patients. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of sea tangle powder, hereafter referred as Substance , as an antihyperglycemic agent and antioxidant in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: group 1) vehicle-treated normal rats; group 2) vehicle-treated STZ-diabetic rats; group 3) sea tangle powder-treated STZ-diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose levels and body weights were measured. Intracellular ROS levels were measured using Cytofluor 2350 plate reader. RESULTS: Oral administration of sea tangle powder for 10 days resulted in lowered levels of blood glucose in early stage (within a week) and preventing effect of weight loss in late stage. Treatment with sea tangle powder resulted in the decrease of intracellular ROS levels in Dendritic Cell line. CONCLUSION: Sea tangle powder exhibits antihyperglycemic activity and restorative activity on weight loss in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It's abilities depend not on protecting disruption of beta-cell, but on antioxidant effect in other organs.

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The Effect of Saccharina japonica on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Properties with Consumer Acceptance Test of Grain Nurungji
YeRim Jeong, IlSook Choi
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(1): 40. CrossRef
Effects of Coated Liposome from Discorea rhizoma Extract (DRE) -on Hypoglycemic, Serum Insulin, and Lipid Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced
Kyung-Soon Choi
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(2): 310. CrossRef
Effects of Hambag Mushroom (Grifola frondosa)-Powder on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipemia in STZ and High Fat Diet-induced Diabetic Rats
Soon-Lee Lee, Yeong-Chul Park, Jong-Bong Kim
Journal of Life Science.2007; 17(10): 1387. CrossRef

Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride/Metformin Fixed Combination Versus Free Combination in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.: Seung Hwan Lee, In Kyu Lee, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Ki Ho Song, Kwan Woo Lee, Bong Soo Cha, Chul Woo Ahn, Hyoung Woo Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Moon Suk Nam, Hong Sun Baek, Yong Ki Kim, Hyo Young Rhim, Ho Young Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):466-475. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.466

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Failure to manage diabetes mellitus receiving monotherapy increases as the duration of the disease is protracted, and in many cases it becomes inevitable to introduce combined therapies. However, compliance of the patients tends to decrease. We conducted a clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety of preconstituted and fixed combination therapy of glimepiride plus metformin to those of free combination therapy. METHODS: Two hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes who had been diagnosed at least six months ago were randomly assigned either to a fixed group or a free group. The initial dosage was chosen according to the previous treatment history and then adjusted every two weeks following a predefined titration algorithm to meet the target mean fasting glucose levels (140 mg/dL). The medications were given for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c level from baseline to week 16. Various parameters were checked as secondary outcome measures and safety criteria. RESULTS: HbA1c level of the fixed group and the free group decreased by 1.09% and 1.08%, respectively. The 95% CI of the changes' difference between the two groups (-0.21%, +0.19%) was within the predefined equivalence interval (-0.5%, +0.5%). Secondary outcome measures (the changes of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose level, response rate and compliance) and safety criteria (frequency of hypoglycemia and adverse reactions) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Fixed combination of glimepiride/metformin is as effective and safe therapy as free combination in type 2 diabetes patients.

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Efficacy and safety of glimepiride/metformin sustained release once daily vs. glimepiride/metformin twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes
Y.-C. Hwang, M. Kang, C. W. Ahn, J. S. Park, S. H. Baik, D. J. Chung, H. C. Jang, K.-A. Kim, I.-K. Lee, K. W. Min, M. Nam, T. S. Park, S. M. Son, Y.-A. Sung, J.-T. Woo, K. S. Park, M.-K. Lee
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2013; 67(3): 236. CrossRef
Pharmacokinetic comparison of a new glimepiride 1-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation and a glimepiride 2-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation: A single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover study in
Bo-Hyung Kim, Kwang-Hee Shin, JaeWoo Kim, Kyoung Soo Lim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jung-Ryul Kim, Joo-Youn Cho, Sang-Goo Shin, In-Jin Jang, Kyung-Sang Yu
Clinical Therapeutics.2009; 31(11): 2755. CrossRef

Original Article

Development of Two Parallel Diabetes Knowledge Tests.: Wan Sub Shim, Seong Bin Hong, Yeon Sil Choi, Yun Jin Choi, Sook Hee Ahn, Kee Young Min, Eun Joo Kim, Ie Byung Park, Moonsuk Nam, Yong Seong Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):476-486. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.476

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Knowledge evaluation about diabetes mellitus is necessary to self-manage diabetes effectively. We developed two parallel diabetes knowledge tests to meet a need for reliable knowledge assessment in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 75-items (59 items for general knowledge test, 16 items for insulin use subscale) were administered to 102 diabetic patients who visited Inha University Hospital. The items which had the appropriate difficulty (0.25~0.80) and good discrimination index (above 0.25) were selected. However, the items which are thought to be an important item for education were also selected even though they did not meet the criteria of reliability and discrimination index. Two parallel diabetes knowledge tests were developed after matching the selected appropriate items for similar contents. RESULTS: 102 patients fulfilled the tests and their mean age was 54.1 +/- 11.5 years. Mean percentage of correct questionnaires was 60.9 +/- 12.5% for general test and 45.9 +/- 19.5% for insulin use subscale. There were significant differences of scores between patients with high and low education level, between patients with high income per household and low income level per household, between patients with the history of diabetes education and without history of diabetes education, and between the old (> or = 50 yrs) and the young (< 50 yrs) age group. However, there was no significant difference of scores according to diabetes duration and complication or not. The selected two tests had a similar score. And their Cronbach alpha was appropriate (> 0.70) in both tests. CONCLUSIONS: We developed two parallel diabetes knowledge tests. These tests can be used as an important means in evaluating the diabetes knowledge and effect of education in diabetic patients.

Citations

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Health literacy and diabetes self‐care activities: The mediating effect of knowledge and patient activation
Su Hyun Kim
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients
Ji Hyeon Yu, Hye Young Kim, Sung Reul Kim, Eun Ko, Heung Yong Jin
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
A new comprehensive diabetes health literacy scale: Development and psychometric evaluation
Eun-Hyun Lee, Young Whee Lee, Kwan-Woo Lee, Moonsuk Nam, So Hun Kim
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2018; 88: 1. CrossRef
Effect of a Simulated Education-based Hypoglycemia Scenario Using a High-fidelity Simulator on Acquisition and Retention of Diabetes Knowledge and Academic Self-efficacy in Nursing Students
Jiyoung Kim, Narae Heo
Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2017; 23(3): 319. CrossRef
Clinical Evaluation of OneTouch Diabetes Management Software System in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jung Min Kim, Hey Jean Lee, Keum Ok Kim, Jong Chul Won, Kyung Soo Ko, Byung Doo Rhee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(2): 129. CrossRef
Relationship Between Duration of Type 2 Diabetes and Self-Reported Participation in Diabetes Education in Korea
Jongnam Hwang, Jeffrey A. Johnson
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2015; 27(2): NP311. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Diabetes Educational Needs in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Seon-Yeong Park, Pok-Ja Oh
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(7): 4301. CrossRef
The Effect of the Experience of Diabetes Education on Knowledge, Self-Care Behavior and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Seung Hei Moon, Young Whee Lee, Ok-Kyung Ham, Soo-Hyun Kim
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2014; 20(1): 81. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Highly Educated Elders' Diabetic Health Leader Attitude
Kiwol Sung, Jiran Nam, Mijin Yu
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2014; 25(2): 119. CrossRef
Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Attitude, and Dietary Behavior among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Na-Yeon Noh, So-Young Nam, Hee-Suk Kang, Ji-Eun Lee, Soo-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(2): 101. CrossRef
Effect of Diabetes Education Program on Glycemic Control and Self Management for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ji Hyun Kim, Sang Ah Chang
Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(6): 518. CrossRef

Case Report

Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy with Severe Insulin Resistant Diabetes Mellitus.: Jung Min Lee, Tae Seo Sohn, Hyun Shik Son; Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):487-491. Published online November 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.487

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Abstract PDF: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy is a rare disease, and often follows autoimmune disease, prodromal infection, HIV infection. The clinical characteristics are generalized absence of fat, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, absence of ketosis, elevated basal metabolic rate, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatomegaly. Here we experience and report a case of 16-year-old female patient who has clinical features of acquired generalized lipodystrophy with severe insulin resistant diabetes mellitus without any prodromal states.

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