NOTES
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: D.F. has received research funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. and Ono Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. T.M. has received research funding from MSD Pharmaceuticals Private Ltd. and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., and received lecture fees from Ono Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. M.Sa. has received research funding from Takeda, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Astellas, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, Byer Healthcare, and Ono, and lecture fees from Takeda, Boehringer Ingelheim, Byer Healthcare, Mochida, Astellas, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Novartis, AstraZeneca, MSD, and Shionogi. The Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School, is supported in part by unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Kowa, and Actelion. The others declare no conflict of interest.
Fig. 1Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment on (A) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and (B) blood glucose levels. Values from before the onset of treatment and after 12 months of treatment are compared. aP<0.01.
Fig. 2Association between baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and changes in HbA1c after 12 months of treatment.
Table 1Clinical characteristics of study subjects
Variable |
Value |
No. of patients |
191 |
Male/Female |
105 (55)/86 (45) |
Age, yr |
68.3±35.8 |
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
24.7±4.2 |
HbA1c, %a
|
7.5±1.3 |
Random blood glucose, mg/dL |
167±63 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
108±33 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL |
156±133 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
58.5±19.1 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL |
0.83±0.36 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2
|
69.6±20.6 |
Complications |
|
Hypertension |
120 (62.8) |
Dyslipidemia |
119 (62.3) |
Coronary artery disease |
62 (32.5) |
Drugs |
|
DPP-4 inhibitors |
|
Alogliptin |
74 (38.7) |
Sitagliptin |
79 (41.4) |
Vildagliptin |
38 (19.9) |
Other anti-diabetic drugs |
|
α-Glucosidase inhibitors |
84 (44.0) |
Sulfonylureas |
62 (32.5) |
Biguanides |
29 (15.2) |
Glinides |
19 (10.0) |
Thiazolidinediones |
19 (10.0) |
Statins |
92 (48.2) |
Table 2Multiple regression analysis for determinants of degree of decrease in HbA1c level after 12 months of treatment: ΔHbA1c (baseline to 12 months)
Variable |
Coefficient |
95% CI |
Standardized coefficient |
P value |
ΔHbA1c (baseline-3 mo) |
0.5 |
0.36 to 0.64 |
0.47 |
<0.001 |
Baseline HbA1c |
0.32 |
0.24 to 0.40 |
0.39 |
<0.001 |
Body mass index |
-0.02 |
-0.003 to -0.045 |
-0.10 |
0.024 |
History of coronary artery disease |
-0.19 |
-0.01 to -0.38 |
-0.10 |
0.041 |