Table 1Baseline characteristics of the study populations based on different obesity phenotypes
Variable |
Total (n=10,342) |
MHNO (n=4,826, 48.6%) |
MHO (n=1,405, 13.8%) |
MUNO (n=2,089, 18.2%) |
MUO (n=2,026, 19.4%) |
P value |
Age, yr |
44.36±0.24 |
40.48±0.27 |
41.98±0.49 |
52.20±0.44 |
48.43±0.38 |
<0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
23.82±0.04 |
21.55±0.04 |
27.30±0.06 |
22.72±0.04 |
28.06±0.08 |
<0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
116.25±0.23 |
109.30±0.21 |
115.61±0.38 |
124.52±0.47 |
126.41±0.41 |
<0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
75.60±0.16 |
71.54±0.17 |
75.60±0.30 |
79.06±0.30 |
82.52±0.30 |
<0.001 |
TC, mg/dL |
190.60±0.46 |
183.75±0.56 |
193.71±1.06 |
194.38±0.92 |
202.02±1.05 |
<0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
116.65±0.58 |
111.43±0.81 |
123.99±1.52 |
116.73±1.26 |
120.82±1.11 |
<0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
50.61±0.14 |
56.16±0.20 |
51.10±0.30 |
44.57±0.27 |
42.04±0.23 |
<0.001 |
TG, mg/dL |
145.56±1.58 |
92.20±1.01 |
115.99±2.40 |
205.65±3.73 |
244.06±4.64 |
<0.001 |
FPG, mg/dL |
98.14±0.27 |
91.04±0.20 |
93.90±0.36 |
107.71±0.75 |
110.01±0.71 |
<0.001 |
UIC, µg/L |
818.47±87.65 |
920.85±167.81 |
695.77±77.24 |
795.22±76.00 |
664.05±49.94 |
0.275 |
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.66±0.05 |
2.54±0.06 |
2.74±0.11 |
2.73±0.10 |
2.84±0.15 |
0.316 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.26±0.00 |
1.27±0.01 |
1.25±0.01 |
1.24±0.01 |
1.24±0.01 |
<0.001 |
Table 2Baseline characteristics of the study populations by different age and sex groups
Variable |
Younger men (n=3,808, 39.1%) |
Older men (n=2,464, 12.7%) |
P value |
Younger women (n=4,813, 35.0%) |
Older women (n=2,788, 13.3%) |
P value |
Age, yr |
36.74±0.20 |
65.08±0.19 |
<0.001 |
36.84±0.18 |
66.87±0.21 |
<0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
24.40±0.06 |
23.84±0.07 |
<0.001 |
22.56±0.06 |
24.09±0.08 |
<0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
117.10±0.25 |
124.87±0.43 |
<0.001 |
108.18±0.23 |
125.62±0.43 |
<0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
78.36±0.21 |
75.89±0.29 |
<0.001 |
71.56±0.18 |
73.57±0.26 |
<0.001 |
TC, mg/dL |
189.03±0.67 |
187.47±0.82 |
0.128 |
183.53±0.54 |
202.97±0.91 |
<0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
117.24±0.84 |
111.72±1.15 |
<0.001 |
110.83±0.79 |
125.27±1.11 |
<0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
48.17±0.20 |
46.71±0.29 |
<0.001 |
56.42±0.20 |
50.65±0.32 |
<0.001 |
TG, mg/dL |
165.48±2.57 |
153.60±2.89 |
0.002 |
97.79±1.19 |
133.27±2.03 |
<0.001 |
FPG, mg/dL |
98.00±0.38 |
107.52±0.70 |
<0.001 |
92.97±0.28 |
103.20±0.67 |
<0.001 |
UIC, µg/L |
792.19±135.19 |
815.80±95.70 |
0.883 |
760.53±68.77 |
928.15±72.72 |
0.094 |
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.48±0.05 |
2.80±0.16 |
0.718 |
2.88±0.08 |
3.10±0.10 |
0.001 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.31±0.00 |
1.22±0.01 |
<0.001 |
1.21±0.01 |
1.17±0.01 |
<0.001 |
Table 3Comparison of thyroid hormone parameters in different obesity phenotypes
Variable |
Total |
MHNO (54.3%) |
MHO (14.8%) |
MUNO (13.3%) |
MUO (17.5%) |
P value |
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.64±0.04 |
2.52±0.05 |
2.76±0.12 |
2.76±0.11 |
2.76±0.15 |
0.044 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.26±0.00 |
1.27±0.01 |
1.25±0.01 |
1.24±0.01 |
1.24±0.01 |
0.085 |
Table 4Comparison of thyroid hormone parameters in different obesity phenotypes according to sex
Variable |
Total |
MHNO |
MHO |
MUNO |
MUO |
P value |
Men, % |
|
43.2 |
14.7 |
17.6 |
24.5 |
|
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.49±0.05 |
2.39±0.07 |
2.75±0.17 |
2.48±0.14 |
2.50±0.10 |
0.326 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.30±0.00 |
1.33±0.01 |
1.29±0.01 |
1.26±0.01 |
1.26±0.01 |
<0.001 |
Women, % |
|
61.3 |
12.9 |
14.3 |
11.5 |
|
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.87±0.08 |
2.65±0.07 |
2.80±0.12 |
3.29±0.17 |
3.58±0.54 |
0.504 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.20±0.01 |
1.21±0.01 |
1.18±0.01 |
1.19±0.01 |
1.18±0.03 |
0.698 |
Table 5Comparison of thyroid hormone parameters in different obesity phenotypes according to age (cutoff of 55 years)
Variable |
Total |
MHNO |
MHO |
MUNO |
MUO |
P value |
Age <55 yr, % |
|
54.3 |
14.8 |
13.3 |
17.5 |
|
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.59±0.05 |
2.50±0.05 |
2.60±0.09 |
2.70±0.15 |
2.79±0.20 |
0.123 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.27±0.00 |
1.28±0.01 |
1.26±0.01 |
1.25±0.01 |
1.26±0.01 |
0.089 |
Age ≥55 yr, % |
|
36.6 |
10.7 |
27.6 |
25.1 |
|
TSH, μIU/mL |
2.84±0.09 |
2.64±0.10 |
3.85±0.68 |
2.88±0.12 |
2.67±0.17 |
0.090 |
fT4, ng/dL |
1.20±0.01 |
1.20±0.01 |
1.20±0.02 |
1.20±0.01 |
1.19±0.01 |
0.564 |