Supplementary Fig. 1
Flowchart of final sample selection. KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
dmj-43-675-s001.pdf
Fig. 1Receiver operating characteristics curves for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by obesity parameters. (A) Total CVD. (B) Stroke. (C) Coronary artery disease. LBSIZ, z-score of the log-transformed A Body Shape Index; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; AUC, area under the curve.
Fig. 2The odds ratio for cardiovascular disease according to z-score of the log-transformed A Body Shape Index (LBSIZ) value. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.
Table 1Characteristics of subjects according to CVD
Variable |
Normal (n=30,118) |
CVD (n=1,109) |
P value |
Age, yr |
48.2±15.7 |
64.9±10.0 |
<0.001 |
Male sex |
12,839 (42.6) |
583 (52.6) |
<0.001 |
Smoking |
12,381 (41.1) |
561 (50.6) |
<0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
23.6±3.3 |
24.5±3.1 |
<0.001 |
Waist circumference, cm |
81.1±9.9 |
85.9±8.8 |
<0.001 |
LBSIZ |
−0.0±1.0 |
0.6±0.9 |
<0.001 |
Systolic BP, mm Hg |
118.3±17.1 |
128.0±17.4 |
<0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg |
76.4±10.6 |
77.1±10.3 |
0.018 |
Hypertension |
8,409 (28.0) |
703 (63.9) |
<0.001 |
FBG level, mg/dL |
97.0±21.9 |
106.2±28.1 |
<0.001 |
HbA1c, % |
6.0±1.1 |
6.5±1.2 |
<0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus |
2,482 (8.5) |
275 (25.6) |
<0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL |
189.1±35.9 |
180.0±40.7 |
<0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
49.2±11.6 |
45.2±10.7 |
<0.001 |
TG, mg/dL |
132.3±107.3 |
143.9±93.5 |
<0.001 |
Dyslipidemia |
3,488 (12.0) |
298 (27.8) |
<0.001 |
Table 2Distribution of the obesity parameters
Obesity parameters |
Percentile |
10th |
20th |
30th |
40th |
50th |
60th |
70th |
80th |
90th |
LBSIZ |
−1.3 |
−0.8 |
−0.5 |
−0.2 |
0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
BMI, kg/m2
|
19.6 |
20.8 |
21.8 |
22.6 |
23.4 |
24.3 |
25.2 |
26.2 |
27.8 |
WC, cm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Men |
73 |
77 |
80 |
82 |
85 |
87 |
89 |
92 |
96 |
Women |
67 |
70 |
73 |
76 |
78 |
81 |
84 |
87 |
92 |
Table 3The AUC for cardiovascular disease in each obesity parameter by sex and obesity status
Obesity parameter |
AUC (95% CI) |
Men |
|
LBSIZ |
0.681 (0.659–0.703) |
BMI |
0.517 (0.494–0.540) |
WC |
0.586 (0.563–0.608) |
Women |
|
LBSIZ |
0.682 (0.659–0.705) |
BMI |
0.638 (0.616–0.660) |
WC |
0.683 (0.662–0.704) |
Non-obesity (BMI <25 kg/m2) |
|
LBSIZ |
0.707 (0.688–0.727) |
BMI |
0.589 (0.568–0.610) |
WC |
0.682 (0.661–0.702) |
Obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) |
|
LBSIZ |
0.654 (0.628–0.680) |
BMI |
0.508 (0.480–0.535) |
WC |
0.578 (0.552–0.605) |
Non-central obesity (men <90 cm, women <85 cm) |
|
LBSIZ |
0.679 (0.658–0.700) |
BMI |
0.566 (0.545–0.587) |
WC |
0.653 (0.633–0.674) |
Central obesity (men ≥90 cm, women ≥85 cm) |
|
LBSIZ |
0.644 (0.619–0.669) |
BMI |
0.458 (0.431–0.486) |
WC |
0.532 (0.505–0.560) |
Table 4The cut-off value of each obesity parameters and its corresponding ORs for cardiovascular disease
|
Cut-off value |
Sensitivity, % |
Specificity, % |
ORa (95% CI) |
LBSIZ |
0.35 |
64.5 |
64.0 |
1.29 (1.12–1.49) |
BMI |
23.65 |
59.5 |
52.9 |
1.22 (1.07–1.39) |
WC |
|
|
|
|
Men |
84.5 |
64.0 |
50.4 |
1.07 (0.88–1.29) |
Women |
81.5 |
65.3 |
63.4 |
1.44 (1.19–1.75) |