Kokkinos et al. (2012) [12] |
Prospective |
United States, men |
4,156 |
Total mortality |
7.5 |
≥25 |
Inverse association |
Tseng (2013) [13] |
Prospective |
Taiwan |
89,056 |
Total mortality, cancer or non-cancer mortality |
12 |
25–29.9 |
Inverse association |
Jackson et al. (2014) [14] |
Prospective |
United States |
2,035 |
Total mortality |
9 |
31.03–54.92 |
Inverse association |
Thomas et al. (2014) [15] |
Retrospective |
United Kingdom |
47,509 |
Total mortality |
5 |
≥30 |
Inverse association |
Zoppini et al. (2003) [16] |
Retrospective |
Italy |
3,398 |
Total mortality, CV mortality, cancer mortality |
10 |
Old age ≥29.9, Young age <30.9 |
Age ≥65 years, inverse association; age <65 years, direct association |
Mulnier et al. (2006) [17] |
Case-control |
United Kingdom |
28,725 |
Total mortality |
7 |
25–29 |
U-shaped association |
Logue et al. (2013) [18] |
Retrospective |
United Kingdom |
106,640 |
Total mortality, CV mortality |
5 |
25–30 |
U-shaped association |
Zhao et al. (2014) [19] |
Prospective |
United States |
34,832 |
Total mortality |
8.7 |
30–34.9 |
U-shaped association |
Lee et al. (2017) [20] |
Prospective |
Korea |
905,877 |
Total mortality |
10.5 |
New diagnosed DM 25–29.4, prevalent DM 26.5–29.4 |
U-shaped association |
Carnethon et al. (2012) [21] |
Patient data meta-analysis |
United States |
2,625 |
Total mortality, CV or non-CV mortality |
27,125 PY |
≥25 |
NW associated with higher mortality than OW or OB |
Costanzo et al. (2015) [22] |
Prospective |
United Kingdom |
10,568 |
Total mortality |
10.6 |
25–29.9 |
OW associated with lower mortality risk, but OB was not |
Chaturvedi et al. (1995) [23] |
Prospective |
Europeans, East Asians, Native Americans |
2,960 |
Total mortality |
13 |
|
No association |
Church et al. (2004) [24] |
Prospective |
United States |
2,196 |
Total mortality |
14.6 |
|
No association |
Sluik et al. (2011) [26] |
Prospective |
Europe |
5,435 |
Total mortality, CV mortality |
9.3 |
|
No association |
Bozorgmanesh et al. (2014) [25] |
Prospective |
Iran |
1,322 |
Total mortality |
9.1 |
|
No association |
Eeg-Olofsson et al. (2009) [27] |
Prospective |
Sweden |
13,087 |
Total mortality |
5.6 |
<30 |
Direct association |
Tobias et al. (2014) [28] |
Prospective |
United States |
11,427 |
Total mortality, CV mortality |
15.8 |
22.5–24.9 |
Direct association (never smoked) |
Badrick et al. (2017) [29] |
Prospective |
United Kingdom |
10,464 |
Total mortality |
8.7 |
22.5–24.9 |
Increased mortality risk from BMI >25 kg/m2 (never smoked) |