1Diabetes Care Team, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
3Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Copyright © 2015 Korean Diabetes Association
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Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). The differences of body weight, insulin dose, fasting glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, and HbA1c between the control group (CG) and intensive (IT) groups at 24 weeks were analyzed by analysis of covariance (age, diabetic duration, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol were adjusted).
LSM, lifestyle modification; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
aThe scoring system was as followings: dietary habits ("How well do you follow your recommended meal plan?") (1) irregular diet with unlimited snacks; (2) irregular with intermittent snacks; (3) appropriate calories, regular diet with some snacks; (4) regular accurate calories, but few snacks; (5) tightly controlled, with no intermittent snacks. Physical activity ("How often do you undertake at least 20 minutes of physical activity, equivalent in intensity to brisk walking?") (1) never; (2) <30 minutes per week (weekly); (3) <60 minutes per week (1 to 2 times per week); (4) <120 minutes per week (3 to 4 times per week); (5) daily, >150 minutes per week. SMBG frequency ("How often do you check your glucose levels?") (1) never; (2) monthly; (3) weekly; (4) 3 to 4 times per week; (5) daily.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). The differences of body weight, insulin dose, fasting glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, and HbA1c between the control group (CG) and intensive (IT) groups at 24 weeks were analyzed by analysis of covariance (age, diabetic duration, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol were adjusted). LSM, lifestyle modification; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c. aThe scoring system was as followings: dietary habits ("How well do you follow your recommended meal plan?") (1) irregular diet with unlimited snacks; (2) irregular with intermittent snacks; (3) appropriate calories, regular diet with some snacks; (4) regular accurate calories, but few snacks; (5) tightly controlled, with no intermittent snacks. Physical activity ("How often do you undertake at least 20 minutes of physical activity, equivalent in intensity to brisk walking?") (1) never; (2) <30 minutes per week (weekly); (3) <60 minutes per week (1 to 2 times per week); (4) <120 minutes per week (3 to 4 times per week); (5) daily, >150 minutes per week. SMBG frequency ("How often do you check your glucose levels?") (1) never; (2) monthly; (3) weekly; (4) 3 to 4 times per week; (5) daily.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). LSM, lifestyle modification; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.