Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

Basic Research
Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner: Seoil Moon, Ji Yoon Lim, Mirang Lee, Youngmin Han, Hongbeom Kim, Wooil Kwon, Jin-Young Jang, Mi Na Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Hye Seung Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):231-241. Published online September 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0366

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Administration of pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase inhibitor (PERKi) improved insulin secretion and hyperglycemia in obese diabetic mice. In this study, autophagic balance was studied whether to mediate it.
Methods
Human islets were isolated from living patients without diabetes. PERKi GSK2606414 effects were evaluated in the islets under glucolipotoxicity by palmitate. Islet insulin contents and secretion were measured. Autophagic flux was assessed by microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) conversion, a red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)- LC3 tandem assay, and P62 levels. For mechanical analyses, autophagy was suppressed using 3-methyladenine in mouse islets. Small interfering RNA for an autophagy-related gene autophagy related 7 (Atg7) was transfected to interfere autophagy.
Results
PERKi administration to mice decreased diabetes-induced P62 levels in the islets. Glucolipotoxicity significantly increased PERK phosphorylation by 70% and decreased insulin contents by 50% in human islets, and addition of PERKi (40 to 80 nM) recovered both. PERKi also enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (6-fold). PERKi up-regulated LC3 conversion suppressed by glucolipotoxicity, and down-regulated P62 contents without changes in P62 transcription, indicating enhanced autophagic flux. Increased autophagosome-lysosome fusion by PERKi was visualized in mouse islets, where PERKi enhanced ATG7 bound to LC3. Suppression of Atg7 eliminated PERKi-induced insulin contents and secretion.
Conclusion
This study provided functional changes of human islets with regard to autophagy under glucolipotoxicity, and suggested modulation of autophagy as an anti-diabetic mechanism of PERKi.

Review

Pathophysiology
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysregulated Autophagy in Human Pancreatic Beta Cells: Seoil Moon, Hye Seung Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(4):533-542. Published online July 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0070

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16 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Pancreatic beta cell homeostasis is crucial for the synthesis and secretion of insulin; disruption of homeostasis causes diabetes, and is a treatment target. Adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the unfolded protein response (UPR) and adequate regulation of autophagy, which are closely linked, play essential roles in this homeostasis. In diabetes, the UPR and autophagy are dysregulated, which leads to beta cell failure and death. Various studies have explored methods to preserve pancreatic beta cell function and mass by relieving ER stress and regulating autophagic activity. To promote clinical translation of these research results to potential therapeutics for diabetes, we summarize the current knowledge on ER stress and autophagy in human insulin-secreting cells.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Glucolipotoxicity Suppressed Autophagy and Insulin Contents in Human Islets, and Attenuation of PERK Activity Enhanced Them in an ATG7-Dependent Manner
Seoil Moon, Ji Yoon Lim, Mirang Lee, Youngmin Han, Hongbeom Kim, Wooil Kwon, Jin-Young Jang, Mi Na Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Hye Seung Jung
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 231. CrossRef
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A possible connection between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders
Giorgio Vivacqua, Romina Mancinelli, Stefano Leone, Rosa Vaccaro, Ludovica Garro, Simone Carotti, Ludovica Ceci, Paolo Onori, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Eugenio Gaudio, Arianna Casini
Neurogastroenterology & Motility.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Docosahexanoic Acid Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis by Autophagy Upregulation via GPR120/mTOR Axis in Insulin-Secreting Cells
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Renata Spezani, Thatiany Souza Marinho, Luiz E. Macedo Cardoso, Marcia Barbosa Aguila, Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
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Kun Cui, Zhizheng Li
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Original Article

Association of Estrogen Receptor α Genes PvuII and XbaI Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Inpatient Population of a Hospital in Southern Iran: Farzaneh Mohammadi, Mohammad Pourahmadi, Mohadeseh Mosalanejad, Houshang Jamali, Mohamed Amin Ghobadifar, Saeideh Erfanian; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(4):270-277. Published online August 14, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.4.270

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38 Download
4 Crossref

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Estrogen plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Very few studies have shown the association between estrogen receptor α (ERα), PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms with T2DM in both men and women. We evaluated the hypothesis that PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of ERα gene may be associated with T2DM in adult.

Methods

From spring of 2010 to the fall of 2011, a case-control study was performed at clinical centers of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. We included 174 patients with T2DM including men and women and 174 age, sex, and body mass index frequency-matched health controls. We analyzed the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of ERα by using the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results

No significant differences between demographic characteristics of control and patients groups were observed. Allele frequencies of both PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were significantly different between patients and control subjects (P=0.014 vs. P=0.002, respectively). When the group was separated into women and men, logistic regression analysis of genotype distribution of PvuII (pp vs. Pp+PP) in both sexes revealed that there was no significant association of PvuII genotype with men (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 3.28; P=0.89) and women (OR, 0.96; CI, 0.53 to 1.74; P=0.12).

Conclusion

PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in ERα are related with T2DM in the inpatient population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population
Iman Akhlaghipour, Amir Reza Bina, Mohammad Reza Mogharrabi, Ali Fanoodi, Amir Reza Ebrahimian, Soroush Khojasteh Kaffash, Atefeh Babazadeh Baghan, Mohammad Erfan Khorashadizadeh, Negin Taghehchian, Meysam Moghbeli
Human Genomics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphisms (PvuII and XbaI) are associated with type 2 diabetes in Palestinian women
Suheir Ereqat, Stéphane Cauchi, Khaled Eweidat, Muawiyah Elqadi, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
PeerJ.2019; 7: e7164. CrossRef
Association between Genetic Variants and Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Populations: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Mehrnoosh Khodaeian, Samaneh Enayati, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Mahsa M. Amoli
Journal of Diabetes Research.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Genetic polymorphism of estrogen receptor alpha gene in Egyptian women with type II diabetes mellitus
Tarek M.K. Motawi, Mahmoud A. El-Rehany, Sherine M. Rizk, Maggie M. Ramzy, Doaa M. el-Roby
Meta Gene.2015; 6: 36. CrossRef

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