Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Hexane Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Induces Insulin Expression and Prevents Glucotoxicity in INS-1 Cells: Hae-Jung Lee, Yoon-Jung Choi, So-Young Park, Jong-Yeon Kim, Kyu-Chang Won, Jong-Keun Son, Yong-Woon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):51-58. Published online February 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.51

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Background

Hyperglycemia, a characteristic feature of diabetes, induces glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells, resulting in further impairment of insulin secretion and worsening glycemic control. Thus, preservation of insulin secretory capacity is essential for the management of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) extract to prevent glucotoxicity in insulin-producing cells.

Methods

We measured insulin mRNA expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in OS-treated INS-1 cells after exposure to a high glucose (HG; 30 mM) concentration.

Results

The hexane extract of OS elevated mRNA expression of insulin as well as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 of INS-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The hexane OS extract also increased the levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Akt phosphorylation was elevated by treatment with 100 and 200 µmol of the hexane OS extract. Three days of HG exposure suppressed insulin mRNA expression and GSIS; these expressions were restored by treatment with the hexane OS extract. HG elevated peroxide levels in the INS-1 cells. These levels were unaffected by OS treatment under both normal and hyperglycemic conditions.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the hexane extract of OS elevates insulin mRNA expression and prevents glucotoxicity induced by a 3-day treatment with HG. This was associated with the activation of PI-3K and Akt.

Citations

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An Updated Review of Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth
Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, Dania Najiha Hasnu, Abdullah Khan, Ching Siang Tan, Bama Menon, Venkateshan Narayanan, Khang Wen Goh, Asmuni Mohd Ikmal, Noraini Talip, Poonguzhali Subramanian, Long Chiau Ming
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Scopoletin protects INS-1 pancreatic β cells from glucotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis
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Toxicology in Vitro.2023; 93: 105665. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications
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Molecules.2022; 27(2): 444. CrossRef
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Short-Term Protocols to Obtain Insulin-Producing Cells from Rat Adipose Tissue: Signaling Pathways and In Vivo Effect
Krista Minéia Wartchow, Letícia Rodrigues, Lucas Zingano Suardi, Barbara Carolina Federhen, Nicholas Guerini Selistre, Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves, Patrícia Sesterheim
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Plant Methods.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
50% Ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus modulates genotoxicity and clastogenicity induced by mitomycin C
Dhamraa Waleed Al-dualimi, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Sarah Furqan Faisal Al-Shimary, Amal Aziz Al-Saadi, Raghdaa Al Zarzour, Muhammad Asif, Chern Ein Oon, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
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Can Tea Extracts Exert a Protective Effect Against Diabetes by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Decreasing Glucotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells?
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Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on High Glucose-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Injury: Eun-Mi Lee, Young-Eun Lee, Esder Lee, Gyeong Ryul Ryu, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sung-Dae Moon, Ki-Ho Song, Yu-Bae Ahn; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):469-479. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.469

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Glucose toxicity that is caused by chronic exposure to a high glucose concentration leads to islet dysfunction and induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been identified as an anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether HO-1 up-regulation when using metalloprotophyrin (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP) could protect pancreatic β-cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis.

Methods

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the CoPP-induced mRNA expression of HO-1. Cell viability of INS-1 cells cultured in the presence of CoPP was examined by acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using flow cytometry. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was determined following incubation with CoPP in different glucose concentrations.

Results

CoPP increased HO-1 mRNA expression in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Overexpression of HO-1 inhibited caspase-3, and the number of dead cells in the presence of CoPP was significantly decreased when exposed to high glucose conditions (HG). CoPP also decreased the generation of intracellular ROS by 50% during 72 hours of culture with HG. However, decreased GSIS was not recovered even in the presence of CoPP.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that CoPP-induced HO-1 up-regulation results in protection from high glucose-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells; however, glucose stimulated insulin secretion is not restored.

Citations

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Review

Glucolipotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells: Ji-Won Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(5):444-450. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.5.444

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Abstract PDF PubReader

The recent epidemic of type 2 diabetes in Asia differs from that reported in other regions of the world in several key areas: it has evolved over a much shorter time, in an earlier stage of life, and in people with lower body mass indices. These phenotypic characteristics of patients strongly suggest that insulin secretory defects may perform a more important function in the development and progression of diabetes. A genetic element clearly underlies β-cell dysfunction and insufficient β-cell mass; however, a number of modifiable factors are also linked to β-cell deterioration, most notably chronic hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Neither glucose nor FFAs alone cause clinically meaningful β-cell toxicity, especially in patients with normal or impaired glucose tolerance. Thus the term "glucolipotoxicity" is perhaps more appropriate in describing the phenomenon. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and death, but its major factors appear to be depression of key transcription factor gene expression by altered intracellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Therefore, stabilization of metabolic changes induced by glucolipotoxicity in β-cells represents a new avenue for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Young Mi Song, Sun Ok Song, Young-Hye You, Kun-Ho Yoon, Eun Seok Kang, Bong Soo Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
Endocrinology.2013; 154(8): 2626. CrossRef
miRNA-30a-5p-mediated silencing of Beta2/NeuroD expression is an important initial event of glucotoxicity-induced beta cell dysfunction in rodent models
J.-W. Kim, Y.-H. You, S. Jung, H. Suh-Kim, I.-K. Lee, J.-H. Cho, K.-H. Yoon
Diabetologia.2013; 56(4): 847. CrossRef
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