Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

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Can Habitual Exercise Help Reduce Serum Concentrations of Lipophilic Chemical Mixtures? Association between Physical Activity and Persistent Organic Pollutants: Yu-Mi Lee, Ji-Yeon Shin, Se-A Kim, David R. Jacobs, Duk-Hee Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(5):764-774. Published online May 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0158

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Background

Low-dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), have emerged as a new risk factor of many chronic diseases. As serum concentrations of POPs in humans are mainly determined by both their release from adipose tissue to circulation and their elimination from circulation, management of these internal pathways may be important in controlling the serum concentrations of POPs. As habitual physical activity can increase the elimination of POPs from circulation, we evaluated whether chronic physical activity is related to low serum POP concentrations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1,850 healthy adults (age ≥20 years) without cardio-metabolic diseases who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2004 was conducted. Information on moderate or vigorous leisure-time physical activity was obtained based on questionnaires. Serum concentrations of OCPs and polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated as typical POPs.

Results

Serum concentrations of OCPs among physically active subjects were significantly lower than those among physically inactive subjects (312.8 ng/g lipid vs. 538.0 ng/g lipid, P<0.001). This difference was maintained after adjustment for potential confounders. When analyses were restricted to physically active subjects, there were small decreases in the serum concentrations of OCPs with increasing duration of physical activity, showing a curvilinear relationship over the whole range of physical activity (P_quadratic <0.001). In analyses stratified by age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, a strong inverse association was similarly observed among all subgroups.

Conclusion

Physical activity may assist in decreasing serum concentrations of lipophilic chemical mixtures such as OCPs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Letter to the Editor: Effect of fatty fish or nut consumption on concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in overweight or obese men and women: A randomized controlled clinical trial
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Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2020; 30(5): 849. CrossRef
Can habitual exercise really increase serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants?
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Environment International.2020; 140: 105615. CrossRef
Response to correspondence ENVINT_2020_552 “Can habitual exercise really increase serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants?”
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Environment International.2020; 140: 105616. CrossRef

Review

Others
Mitochondrial Toxins and Healthy Lifestyle Meet at the Crossroad of Hormesis: Yu-Mi Lee, Duk-Hee Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(5):568-577. Published online October 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0143

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98 Download
14 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF PubReader

Mitochondrial function is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under physiological and stress conditions. Thus, chronic exposure to environmental chemicals that affect mitochondrial function can have harmful effects on humans. We argue that the concept of hormesis should be revisited to explain the non-linear responses to mitochondrial toxins at a low-dose range and develop practical methods to protect humans from the negative effects of mitochondrial toxins. Of the most concern to humans are lipophilic chemical mixtures and heavy metals, owing to their physical properties. Even though these chemicals tend to demonstrate no safe level in humans, a non-linear dose-response has been also observed. Stress response activation, i.e., hormesis, can explain this non-linearity. Recently, hormesis has reemerged as a unifying concept because diverse stressors can induce similar stress responses. Besides potentially harmful environmental chemicals, healthy lifestyle interventions such as exercise, calorie restriction (especially glucose), cognitive stimulation, and phytochemical intake also activate stress responses. This conceptual link can lead to the development of practical methods that counterbalance the harm of mitochondrial toxins. Unlike chemical hormesis with its safety issues, the activation of stress responses via lifestyle modification can be safely used to combat the negative effects of mitochondrial toxins.

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