Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Lifestyle
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Obesity in Korean Adults: Jee-Seon Shim, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(4):547-558. Published online April 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0026

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and obesity in Korean adults.
Methods
We included the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort study baseline data of adults aged 30 to 64 years who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined using the NOVA food classification. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of dietary energy contribution of UPF with obesity indicators (body mass index [BMI], obesity, waist circumference [WC], and abdominal obesity).
Results
Consumption of UPF accounted for 17.9% of total energy intake and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence was 35.4% and 30.2%, respectively. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, adults in the highest quartile had greater BMI (β=0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.56), WC (β=1.03; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.60), higher odds of having obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45), and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.57), after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and family history of diseases. Dose-response associations between UPF consumption and obesity indicators were consistently found (all P trend <0.01). However, the strength of association was halved for all obesity indicators after further adjustments for total energy intake and overall diet quality score, and the trend toward association for obesity and WC disappeared.
Conclusion
Our finding supports the evidence that consumption of UPF is positively associated with obesity among Korean adults.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ultra-processed food consumption and increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the KNHANES 2016–2020
Hansol Park, Youngmi Lee, Jinah Hwang, Yujin Lee
Nutrition.2024; 122: 112374. CrossRef
Diet quality partially mediates the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and adiposity indicators
Jee‐Seon Shim, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim
Obesity.2023; 31(9): 2430. CrossRef
Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Korean Adults with Obesity
Jina Chung, Seoeun Ahn, Hyojee Joung, Sangah Shin
Nutrients.2023; 15(22): 4848. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density?: Mi Jang, So-Young Park, Yong-Woon Kim, Seung-Pil Jung, Jong-Yeon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(2):121-127. Published online December 16, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.121

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

The proportion of saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids in the diet seems to act as a physiological regulation on obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Differently composed fatty acid diets may induce satiety of the hypothalamus in different ways. However, the direct effect of the different fatty acid diets on satiety in the hypothalamus is not clear.

Methods

Three experiments in mice were conducted to determine whether: different compositions of fatty acids affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus over time; different types of fatty acids administered into the stomach directly affect gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus; and fat composition changes in the diet affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus.

Results

The type of fat in cases of purified fatty acid administration directly into the stomach may cause changes of gene expressions in the hypothalamus. Gene expression by dietary fat may be regulated by calorie amount ingested rather than weight amount or type of fat.

Conclusion

Therefore, the calorie density factor of the diet in regulating hypothalamic gene in food intake may be detrimental, although the possibility of type of fat cannot be ruled out.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prepartum fatty acid supplementation in sheep. III. Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid during finishing on performance, hypothalamus gene expression, and muscle fatty acids composition in lambs1
Ana Cristina Carranza Martin, Danielle Nicole Coleman, Lyda Guadalupe Garcia, Cecilia C Furnus, Alejandro E Relling
Journal of Animal Science.2018; 96(12): 5300. CrossRef
Acute anti‐obesity effects of intracerebroventricular 11β‐HSD1 inhibitor administration in diet‐induced obese mice
M. Seo, S. A. Islam, S.‐S. Moon
Journal of Neuroendocrinology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter: Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density? (Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:121-7)
Bo Kyung Koo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(3): 223. CrossRef
Response: Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density? (Diabetes Metab J2017;41:121-7)
Mi Jang, So-Young Park, Yong-Woon Kim, Seung-Pil Jung, Jong-Yeon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(3): 225. CrossRef

Review

Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating: A Role for the Expert Patient?: Harold David McIntyre; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):87-91. Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.87

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Abstract PDF PubReader

The Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) programme of intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes provides a structured educational intervention to improve glycemic control, reduce hypoglycemia and improve quality of life. Enhancement of self-management skills is a key element of DAFNE and patients acquire detailed skills in insulin dose adjustment. Following DAFNE training, patients report improved confidence in their ability to manage their own insulin dosing, but generally still seek and require the assistance of health professionals when making substantial changes to their insulin regimens. Some DAFNE trained patients may be able to assist their peers in aspects of diabetes management within a group environment, but widespread introduction of the expert patient/peer educator role in the self-management of type 1 diabetes, in particular related to insulin dose management, would require formal and detailed evaluation, preferably in randomized controlled clinical trials, before being introduced into routine clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors Associated With Resilience During Long-Term Hemodialysis
Pedro García-Martínez, Rafa Ballester-Arnal, Kavita Gandhi-Morar, María D. Temprado-Albalat, Eladio Collado-Boira, Carlos Saus-Ortega, Jesús Castro-Calvo
Nursing Research.2023; 72(1): 58. CrossRef
Association Between Management of Continuous Subcutaneous Basal Insulin Administration and HbA1C
Harry Rubin-Falcone, Ian Fox, Emily Hirschfeld, Lynn Ang, Rodica Pop-Busui, Joyce M. Lee, Jenna Wiens
Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology.2022; 16(5): 1120. CrossRef
Perceived Stress in Relation to Quality of Life and Resilience in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Pedro García-Martínez, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Kavita Gandhi-Morar, Jesús Castro-Calvo, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Carlos Saus-Ortega, Raimunda Montejano-Lozoya, Eva María Sosa-Palanca, María del Rosario Gómez-Romero, Eladio Collado-Boira
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(2): 536. CrossRef
Determinants of blood glucose control among people with Type 2 diabetes in a regional hospital in Ghana
Sampson Kafui Djonor, Ignatius Terence Ako-Nnubeng, Ewurama Ampadu Owusu, Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo, Pricillia Nortey, Eldad Agyei-Manu, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Lakshmi Pulakat
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(12): e0261455. CrossRef
Recent advances in type 1 diabetes
Mervyn Kyi, John M Wentworth, Alison J Nankervis, Spiros Fourlanos, Peter G Colman
Medical Journal of Australia.2015; 203(7): 290. CrossRef

Original Article

A Comparative Study of Eating Habits and Food Intake in Women with Gestational Diabetes according to Early Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Status: You Jeong Hwang, Bo Kyung Park, Sunmin Park, Sung-Hoon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):354-363. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.354

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD); continuous life-style intervention, especially diet, is central to managing T2DM and CVD. However, little is known about the dietary patterns of women with GDM after delivery. The goal of this study was to compare the eating habits and food intakes of women diagnosed with GDM during the early postpartum period.

Methods

We performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 184 women with GDM between 6 and 12 weeks after delivery. Based on the results of the OGTT, the subjects were divided into three groups according to the American Diabetes Association criteria; normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=100), pre-diabetes (n=73), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (n=11). Eating habits and usual food intake after delivery were investigated using a questionnaire, based on 24 hour-recall, which was administered by a trained dietitian. The daily intake data were analyzed using CAN Pro 3.0. Blood tests were performed pre- and post-delivery.

Results

Eating habits were not significantly different among the three groups. However, animal fat consumption was significantly different among the three groups. The intake ratio of fat calories to total calories was also significantly higher in the pre-diabetes and DM groups.

Conclusion

Although diet in the period 6 to 12 weeks postpartum did not influence glucose level, it may be important to educate women with GDM about the risks of excessive animal fat intake during pregnancy and the postpartum period in order to prevent later onset of T2DM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intuitive eating is associated with weight and glucose control during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A clinical cohort study
Dan Yedu Quansah, Justine Gross, Leah Gilbert, Celine Helbling, Antje Horsch, Jardena J. Puder
Eating Behaviors.2019; 34: 101304. CrossRef
Prevention of Diabetes after Gestational Diabetes: Better Translation of Nutrition and Lifestyle Messages Needed
Sharleen O'Reilly
Healthcare.2014; 2(4): 468. CrossRef
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Women: Similarities and Differences from Other Racial/Ethnic Groups
Catherine Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(1): 1. CrossRef
A Study of Snack Consumption, Night-Eating Habits, and Nutrient Intake in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hee-jin Park, JinJu Lee, Ji-Myung Kim, Hyun Ah Lee, Sung-Hoon Kim, Yuri Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2013; 2(1): 42. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Population of Women Living in Spain: Implications for Preventative Strategies
Ana M. Ramos-Leví, Natalia Pérez-Ferre, M. Dolores Fernández, Laura del Valle, Elena Bordiu, Ana Rosa Bedia, Miguel A. Herraiz, M. José Torrejón, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual
International Journal of Endocrinology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
The Influence of Ethnicity on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature
Christian M. Girgis, Jenny E. Gunton, N. Wah Cheung
ISRN Endocrinology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate in Korean Patients with Diabetes
Eun Hae Lee, Chul Woo Ahn
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(6): 578. CrossRef

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