Table 1Background of the patients
Variable |
Value |
Age, yr |
40.9±10.4 |
Anthropometrics |
|
Body weight, kg |
82.9±11.8 |
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
33.2±4.6 |
% Body fat, % |
46.6±4.6 |
Smoking status |
|
Never |
82 (89.1) |
Current |
2 (2.2) |
Past |
8 (8.7) |
Drinking status |
|
Never |
82 (89.1) |
Current |
1 (1.1) |
Past |
9 (9.8) |
Drug information |
|
Diabetes |
0 |
Hypertension |
8 (8.7) |
Hyperlipidemia |
2 (2.2) |
Table 2Changes in physiological, anthropometric, and exercise capacity parameters and HOMA-IR before and after the program
Variable |
Baseline |
After program |
P value |
Body weight, kg |
82.9±11.8 |
74.2±10.6 |
<0.01 |
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
33.2±4.6 |
29.7±4.2 |
<0.01 |
Skeletal muscle index, kg/m2
|
7.4±0.9 |
7.1±0.7 |
<0.01 |
Appendicular skeletal muscle index, weight % |
22.4±2.4 |
24.3±2.6 |
<0.01 |
Total lean mass, kg |
41.4±5.2 |
40.1±4.4 |
<0.01 |
Lower extremity lean mass |
14.1±2.0 |
13.8±1.7 |
<0.01 |
Trunk lean mass |
19.4±2.9 |
18.8±2.3 |
<0.01 |
Total fat mass, kg |
38.9±8.2 |
31.4±7.9 |
<0.01 |
Lower extremity fat mass |
11.8±3.3 |
9.5±3.0 |
<0.01 |
Trunk fat mass |
22.1±4.8 |
18.0±4.6 |
<0.01 |
% Skeletal muscle, % |
50.2±4.5 |
54.6±5.4 |
<0.01 |
% Body fat, % |
46.6±4.6 |
41.9±5.6 |
<0.01 |
Exercise capacity, mL/kg/min |
|
|
|
ATVO2
|
11.3±2.1 |
12.1±2.0 |
<0.01 |
Peak VO2
|
19.8±3.8 |
21.7±4.1 |
<0.01 |
Metabolic parameters |
|
|
|
Fasting glucose, mg/dL |
99.0±12.9 |
94.7±8.1 |
<0.01 |
Fasting insulin, µU/mL |
13.4±9.8 |
9.9±6.6 |
<0.01 |
HOMA-IR (×10–6 mol×IU×L–2) |
3.3±2.7 |
2.3±1.6 |
<0.01 |
ALT |
35.3±31.4 |
18.2±10.4 |
<0.01 |
AST |
27.4±20.7 |
19.2±12.1 |
<0.01 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL |
131.6±80.9 |
101.1±59.2 |
<0.01 |
HDL-C, mg/dL |
47.2±10.1 |
52.6±9.1 |
<0.01 |
LDL-C, mg/dL |
129.0±32.5 |
125.2±32.6 |
0.141 |
Table 3Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis for evaluation of the associations between HOMA-IR and the other parameters in the obese group
Dependent variable |
Independent variable |
β |
P value |
Δ HOMA-IR |
Δ % Skeletal muscle |
–0.280 |
<0.01 |
Δ Body weight |
0.109 |
0.463 |
Δ BMI |
0.106 |
0.458 |
Δ Trunk fat mass |
–0.140 |
0.499 |
Δ Total fat mass |
–0.033 |
0.910 |
Δ % Body fat |
–0.299 |
0.312 |
Δ ATVO2
|
–0.117 |
0.260 |
Δ Peak VO2
|
–0.056 |
0.613 |
Age |
0.026 |
0.800 |