Fig. 1Current classification of diabetes. APS1, autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes 1; IPEX, immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
Fig. 2Distribution of body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis by type of diabetes, age 10 to 19 years. Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Denver, USA.
Fig. 3Practical diabetes classification algorithm in U.S. patients <20 years at diagnosis. IAA, autoantibodies to insulin; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase; IA-2A, the tyrosine phosphatase insulinoma antigen; ZnT8A, zinc transporter 8; T1aD, type 1a (autoimmune) diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes. *Needs to be refined for non-white populations groups.
Table 1Practical phenotypic features to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Table 2Bayesian probabilities of a positive autoantibody test result in a mixture of 30 T1aD and 300 T2D patients