1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
3Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Copyright © 2015 Korean Diabetes Association
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Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
CVD history | 2.41 (1.32-4.40) | 2.13 (1.16-3.93) | 1.90 (1.01-3.57) | 1.99 (1.07-3.72) |
P value | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.038 | 0.031 |
Multivariable cox regression models were adjusted as follows: model 1, sex, age; model 2, model 1+diabetes duration, hypertension, mean hemoglobin A1c, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy; model 3, model 2+insulin, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, β-blocker; model 4, model 2+insulin, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy stage.
CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease.