1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
3Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
5Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
6Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
7Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2025 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Bong Soo Cha has been publisher of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since 2024. Seung-Hyun Ko has been executive editor of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since 2022. Sung Hee Choi has been associate editors of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since 2022. They were not involved in the review process of this article. Otherwise, there was no conflict of interest.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: S.E.P., S.H.K., S.H.C., B.S.C.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: S.E.P., S.H.K., J.Y.K., K.K., J.H.M., N.H.K., K.D.H., S.H.C.
Drafting the work or revising: S.E.P., S.H.C.
Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.
FUNDING
This study was supported by the Korean Diabetes Association.
Diabetes |
Prediabetes |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Men | Women | Total | Men | Women | |
By age group, yr | ||||||
19–29 | 13.1 (5,405,519) | 15.2 (3,130,510) | 11.0 (2,275,009) | 36.1 (14,949,509) | 38.3 (7,896,298) | 34.0 (7,053,211) |
30–64 | 15.5 (5,333,837) | 18.1 (3,072,080) | 13.0 (2,261,758) | 41.1 (14,099,002) | 43.8 (7,409,019) | 38.5 (6,689,984) |
≥65 | 29.3 (2,340,268) | 30.4 (1,062,135) | 28.5 (1,278,133) | 47.7 (3,804,141) | 45.6 (1,595,558) | 49.3 (2,208,584) |
30–39 | 3.3 (213,466) | 4.0 (139,258) | 2.4 (74,208) | 29.3 (1,902,723) | 36.6 (1,263,531) | 21.0 (639,192) |
40–49 | 8.4 (659,606) | 11.6 (465,533) | 5.1 (194,074) | 36.0 (2,824,476) | 42.8 (1,715,741) | 28.9 (1,108,735) |
50–59 | 16.7 (1,355,027) | 22.9 (923,534) | 10.6 (431,492) | 44.6 (3,614,117) | 45.8 (1,850,896) | 43.4 (1,763,221) |
60–69 | 22.7 (1,514,503) | 27.0 (883,499) | 18.6 (631,004) | 49.6 (3,307,805) | 48.6 (1,593,147) | 50.5 (1,714,659) |
≥70 | 30.6 (1,591,235) | 30.7 (660,255) | 30.5 (930,980) | 47.1 (2,449,881) | 45.8 (985,704) | 48.0 (1,464,177) |
Variable | Total | Men | Women |
---|---|---|---|
HbA1c | |||
<6.5% | 32.4 | 33.1 | 31.4 |
<7.0% | 60.6 | 60.5 | 60.9 |
<8.0% | 84.2 | 82.6 | 86.5 |
<9.0% | 91.8 | 90.9 | 92.9 |
Hypertension | 59.6 | 57.7 | 62.1 |
BP <140/85 mm Hg | 60.8 | 58.7 | 63.5 |
Hyper-LDL cholesterolemia | 74.2 | 69.7 | 80.4 |
LDL level <100 mg/dL | 65.3 | 64.1 | 66.8 |
HbA1c <6.5%+BP <140/85 mm Hg+LDL-C level <100 mg/dL | 15.9 | 16.1 | 15.7 |
Weight status (BMI), kg/m2 | |||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
Normal weight (18.5–22.9) | 24.9 | 22.4 | 28.4 |
Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 19.7 | 20.5 | 18.7 |
Class I obesity (25.0–29.9) | 42.2 | 45.0 | 38.3 |
Class II obesity (30.0–34.9) | 9.4 | 9.0 | 10.0 |
Class III obesity (≥35.0) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
Abdominal obesity (WC), cm | |||
Yes (≥90 in men, ≥85 in women) | 61.2 | 60.3 | 62.4 |
Current smoking | 20.8 | 32.9 | 4.1 |
High-risk alcohol consumption | 22.3 | 28.5 | 7.8 |
Regular walking | 40.2 | 38.4 | 42.7 |
Values are presented as percentage (number). KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Values are presented as percentage. KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.