Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

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Effect of Atorvastatin on Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia: Ji Min Kim, Min Kyung Back, Hyon-Seung Yi, Kyong Hye Joung, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(1):70-78. Published online February 19, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.70

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Background

Elevated serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) are associated with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the effects of atorvastatin on metabolic parameters and GDF-15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia were evaluated.

Methods

In this prospective randomized trial from February 2013 to March 2014, 50 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥100 mg/dL were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the amount of atorvastatin prescribed, 10 mg/day (n=23) or 40 mg/day (n=27). The effect of atorvastatin on metabolic parameters, including lipid profiles and GDF-15 levels, at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment were compared.

Results

The baseline metabolic parameters and GDF-15 levels were not significantly different between the two groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C levels were significantly decreased in both groups. The mean changes in TC and LDL-C levels were more significant in the 40 mg atorvastatin group. The GDF-15 level was decreased in the 10 mg atorvastatin group, from 1,460.6±874.8 to 1,451.0±770.8 pg/mL, and was increased in the 40 mg atorvastatin group, from 1,271.6±801.0 to 1,341.4±855.2 pg/mL. However, the change in the GDF-15 level was not statistically significant in the 10 or 40 mg atorvastatin group (P=0.665 and P=0.745, respectively).

Conclusion

The GDF-15 levels were not significantly changed after an 8-week treatment with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients.

Citations

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Simvastatin reduces growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Emanuel Kolanko, Elżbieta Broniatowska, Aleksandra Kruk, Anetta Undas, Michał Ząbczyk
Archives of Medical Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship of Growth differentiation factor-15 with renal damage and dyslipidemia in non-albuminuric and albuminuric Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hasan Esat Yücel, Bilal İlanbey
Medical Science and Discovery.2022; 9(6): 334. CrossRef
Comparative effectiveness of statins on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with diabetes and at risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Alexander Hodkinson, Dialechti Tsimpida, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Martin K Rutter, Mamas A Mamas, Maria Panagioti
BMJ.2022; 376: e067731. CrossRef
The Cytokine Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Skeletal Muscle Health: Portrait of an Emerging Widely Applicable Disease Biomarker
Boel De Paepe
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(21): 13180. CrossRef
Biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis
Hannah Kaiser, Xing Wang, Amanda Kvist-Hansen, Martin Krakauer, Peter Michael Gørtz, Benjamin D. McCauley, Lone Skov, Christine Becker, Peter Riis Hansen
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Growth differentiation factor-15 regulates oxLDL-induced lipid homeostasis and autophagy in human macrophages
Kathrin Ackermann, Gabriel A. Bonaterra, Ralf Kinscherf, Anja Schwarz
Atherosclerosis.2019; 281: 128. CrossRef

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Korean Women with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Hee-Sook Kim, Hye-Jung Jang, Jeong-Eun Park, Moon-Young Kim, Sun-Young Ko, Sung-Hoon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(4):316-320. Published online August 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.316

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Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in Korean women with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We performed a retrospective survey of 163 pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes (n=13) and type 2 diabetes (n=150) treated from 2003 to 2010 at Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Korea. We compared maternal characteristics as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes between groups.

Results

Differences in glycosylated hemoglobin between type 1 and type 2 diabetes were not significant. Birth weight (3,501±689.6 g vs. 3,366±531.4 g) and rate of major congenital malformations (7.7% vs. 5.6%) were not significantly different. However, women with type 1 diabetes had higher rates of preeclampsia (38.5% vs. 8.2%, P=0.006), large for gestational age (LGA; 46.2% vs. 20.4%, P=0.004), macrosomia (38.5% vs. 13.4%, P=0.032), and admission for neonatal care (41.7% vs. 14.8%, P=0.03) than women with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with type 1 diabetes were poorer than for women with type 2 diabetes, especially preeclampsia, LGA, macrosomia and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Citations

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Prevalence of congenital anomalies in pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Maria Lúcia R. Oppermann, Maria Amélia A. Campos, Giulia L. Guerra, Vânia N. Hirakata, Viviane C. Castanho, Francieli Ariane L. Muck, Angela J. Reichelt
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.2026; 172(1): 196. CrossRef
Usefulness of glycated albumin levels in predicting the maternal or neonatal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus during ;ate pregnancy in South Korea: a retrospective study
Jihan Kim, Sami Lee, Jong Sung Kim
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(6): 401. CrossRef
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels in the Third Trimester for Predicting Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in Women with Pre-Gestational Diabetes: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea
Su-Yeon Park, Mi-Ju Kim, Su-Been Hong, Ji-Hee Sung, Hyun-Joo Seol, Joon-Ho Lee, Seung-Chul Kim, Seung-Mi Lee, Se-Jin Lee, Han-Sung Hwang, Gi-Su Lee, Hyun-Soo Park, Soo-Jeong Lee, Sae-Kyung Choi, Ji-Young Kwon, Geum-Joon Cho, Soo-Ran Choi, Hyun-Sun Ko
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(18): 6389. CrossRef
Fetal malformations in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus based on pre-pregnancy fasting plasma glucose levels
Subeen Hong, Kyung A. Lee, Young Mi Jung, Heechul Jeong, Ji-Hee Sung, Hyun-Joo Seol, Won Joon Seong, Soo Ran Choi, Joon Ho Lee, Seung Chul Kim, Sae-Kyoung Choi, Ji Young Kwon, Hyun Soo Park, Hyun Sun Ko, Geum Joon Cho
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Women’s Health and Well-being During Their Reproductive Years: A Mixed-methods Systematic Review
Aycan Celik, Rita Forde, Simona Racaru, Angus Forbes, Jackie Sturt
Current Diabetes Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Application of the electronic nose in predicting preeclampsia in high-risk pregnancies. Pilot study
Karen Beatriz Méndez Rodríguez, Luis Manuel Ramírez Gómez, Leticia Carrizales Yáñez, Rogelio Flores Ramírez, Omar Ornelas-Rebolledo, Jaime Antonio Borjas-García, Francisco Pérez-Vázquez, Maribel Rodríguez Aguilar
Archives of Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Obstetric and neonatal complications among women with autoimmune disease
Andrew Williams, Katherine Grantz, Indulaxmi Seeni, Candace Robledo, Shanshan Li, Marion Ouidir, Carrie Nobles, Pauline Mendola
Journal of Autoimmunity.2019; 103: 102287. CrossRef
Effects of maternal age, parity and pre-pregnancy body mass index on the glucose challenge test and gestational diabetes mellitus
Adel T. Abu-Heija, Majeda R. Al-Bash, Moza A. Al-Kalbani
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2017; 12(4): 338. CrossRef
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Nicolás Santander, Carlos Lizama, María José Parga, Alonso Quiroz, Druso Pérez, Guadalupe Echeverría, Lorena Ulloa, Verónica Palma, Attilio Rigotti, Dolores Busso
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Myeloperoxidase Is Associated with Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Overweight Subjects with First-Degree Relatives with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Anel Gómez García, Mireya Rivera Rodríguez, Carlos Gómez Alonso, Daysi Yazmin Rodríguez Ochoa, Cleto Alvarez Aguilar; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):59-65. Published online February 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.59

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Background

Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of risk factors for that in future a subject can develop diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of T2DM. There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and/or progression of diabetes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) participates in developing of inflammation. The objective was to investigate if MPO is associated with IR and inflammation in individuals with first-degree relatives of T2DM.

Methods

Cross-sectional study in 84 overweight individuals with family history of T2DM divided in two groups according to IR, group with IR (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] ≥2.5; n=43) and control group (CG; HOMA <2.5; n=41). Complete clinical history and a venous blood sample were collected for measuring glucose and lipids profile, insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MPO, glutathione reductase (GRd), glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase.

Results

MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 were higher in patients with IR than in CG (MPO: 308.35 [190.85 to 445.42] vs. 177.35 [104.50 to 279.85], P=0.0001; TNF-α: 13.46 [10.58 to 18.88] vs. 9.39 [7.53 to 11.25], P=0.0001; IL-6: 32.93 [24.93 to 38.27] vs. 15.60 [12.93 to 26.27]; P=0.0001, respectively). MPO was associated with IR (rho de Spearman=0.362, P=0.001). In the analysis of lineal regression, MPO predicts IR (β, 0.263; t, 2.520; P=0.014). In the univariate analysis, MPO had an odds ratio of 9.880 for risk of IR (95% confidence interval, 2.647 to 36.879).

Conclusion

MPO had relation with IR and inflammation parameters in overweight subjects with first-degree relatives of T2DM. We need studies on a casual relationship and molecular mechanisms among the increased serum MPO levels, inflammation markers, and IR.

Citations

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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Loci with Sex-Specific Effects for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Traits in a Korean Population: Min Jin Go, Joo-Yeon Hwang, Tae-Joon Park, Young Jin Kim, Ji Hee Oh, Yeon-Jung Kim, Bok-Ghee Han, Bong-Jo Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(5):375-387. Published online October 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.5.375

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Background

Until recently, genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based findings have provided a substantial genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or related glycemic traits. However, identification of allelic heterogeneity and population-specific genetic variants under consideration of potential confounding factors will be very valuable for clinical applicability. To identify novel susceptibility loci for T2DM and glycemic traits, we performed a two-stage genetic association study in a Korean population.

Methods

We performed a logistic analysis for T2DM, and the first discovery GWAS was analyzed for 1,042 cases and 2,943 controls recruited from a population-based cohort (KARE, n=8,842). The second stage, de novo replication analysis, was performed in 1,216 cases and 1,352 controls selected from an independent population-based cohort (Health 2, n=8,500). A multiple linear regression analysis for glycemic traits was further performed in a total of 14,232 nondiabetic individuals consisting of 7,696 GWAS and 6,536 replication study participants. A meta-analysis was performed on the combined results using effect size and standard errors estimated for stage 1 and 2, respectively.

Results

A combined meta-analysis for T2DM identified two new (rs11065756 and rs2074356) loci reaching genome-wide significance in CCDC63 and C12orf51 on the 12q24 region. In addition, these variants were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function. Interestingly, two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with sex-specific stratification in this study.

Conclusion

Our study showed a strong association between T2DM and glycemic traits. We further observed that two novel loci with multiple diverse effects were highly specific to males. Taken together, these findings may provide additional insights into the clinical assessment or subclassification of disease risk in a Korean population.

Citations

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The Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle and Body Fat Mass and Muscle Strength in Type 2 Diabetic Women: Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Bo-Kyung Koo, Ho Chul Kim, Kyung Wan Min; Korean Diabetes J. 2010;34(2):101-110. Published online April 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2010.34.2.101

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Background

Our goal was to investigate the effects of low intensity resistance training on body fat, muscle mass and strength, cardiovascular fitness, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Twenty-eight overweight women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a resistance training group (RG, n = 13) or a control group (CG, n = 15). RG performed resistance training using elastic bands, of which strength was equal to 40 to 50% of one repetition maximum (1RM), for three days per week. Each exercise consisted of three sets for 60 minutes. We assessed abdominal fat using computed tomography, muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle strength using Keiser's chest and leg press. Insulin sensitivity was measured using the insulin tolerance test, and aerobic capacity was expressed as oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold (AT-VO₂) before and after the 12-week exercise program.

Results

The age of participants was 56.4 ± 7.1 years, duration of diabetes was 5.9 ± 5.5 years, and BMI was 27.4 ± 2.5 kg/m², without significant differences between two groups. During intervention, a greater increase in muscle mass and greater decreases in both total fat mass and abdominal fat were observed in RG compared to those of CG (P = 0.015, P = 0.011, P = 0.010, respectively). Increase in 1RM of upper and lower extremities was observed in the RG (P = 0.004, P = 0.040, respectively), without changes in AT-VO₂ and insulin resistance in either group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the low intensity resistance training was effective in increasing muscle mass and strength and reducing total fat mass without change of insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Randomized Controlled Trial

The Effects of Low-Calorie Diets on Abdominal Visceral Fat, Muscle Mass, and Dietary Quality in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.: Hee Jung Ahn, Youn Ok Cho, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Yun Hyi Ku, Bo Kyung Koo, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min; Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(6):526-536. Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.6.526

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