Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Article

Basic Research
Extracellular Vimentin Alters Energy Metabolism And Induces Adipocyte Hypertrophy: Ji-Hae Park, Soyeon Kwon, Young Mi Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(2):215-230. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0332

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Background
Previous studies have reported that oxidative stress contributes to obesity characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy. However, mechanism has not been studied extensively. In the current study, we evaluated role of extracellular vimentin secreted by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in energy metabolism in adipocytes.
Methods
We treated 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with oxLDL and measured vimentin which was secreted in the media. We evaluated changes in uptake of glucose and free fatty acid, expression of molecules functioning in energy metabolism, synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate, markers for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in adipocytes treated with recombinant vimentin.
Results
Adipocytes secreted vimentin in response to oxLDL. Microscopic evaluation revealed that vimentin treatment induced increase in adipocyte size and increase in sizes of intracellular lipid droplets with increased intracellular triglyceride. Adipocytes treated with vimentin showed increased uptake of glucose and free fatty acid with increased expression of plasma membrane glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), GLUT4, and CD36. Vimentin treatment increased transcription of GLUT1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) but decreased GLUT4 transcription. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and 2 were decreased by vimentin treatment. Markers for ER stress were increased and autophagy was impaired in vimentin-treated adipocytes. No change was observed in synthesis of ATP and lactate in the adipocytes treated with vimentin.
Conclusion
We concluded that extracellular vimentin regulates expression of molecules in energy metabolism and promotes adipocyte hypertrophy. Our results show that vimentin functions in the interplay between oxidative stress and metabolism, suggesting a mechanism by which adipocyte hypertrophy is induced in oxidative stress.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Novel secreted regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in the development of metabolic diseases
Lianna W. Wat, Katrin J. Svensson
Diabetologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mechanobiology in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Obesity
Emily L. Rudolph, LiKang Chin
Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(7): 7134. CrossRef
Context-specific fatty acid uptake is a finely-tuned multi-level effort
Juan Wang, Huiling Guo, Lang-Fan Zheng, Peng Li, Tong-Jin Zhao
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Functions of SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Diabetes-Related Severe COVID-19
Adam Drzymała
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(17): 9635. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Failure in Insulin Pump Treatment due to Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Atrophy and Lipohypertrophied Nodules.: Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Gwanpyo Koh, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Young Seol Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(6):547-553. Published online December 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: The insulin pump is an effective glycemic control device those function is analogous to the physiologic regulation of insulin in vivo. When sufficient patient education and proper selection of patients is done, the insulin pump is one of the most effective treatment modalities for diabetic patients. However, various side effects and complications might occur during its application. We report here on an unusual case of diabetic ketoacidosis that was caused by acute inflammatory colitis and insulin pump malfunction. Peculiarly, the cause of pump malfunction was far removed from its mechanical problem. We concluded that the cause of the insulin pump malfunction was due to abdominal subcutaneous fat atrophy and the lipohypertrophied nodules of the patient that developed due to the prolonged usage of the insulin pump.

Original Article

Left Ventricular Mass Index Increases in Proportion to the Urinary Microalbumin Excretion Rate in Type 2 Diabetes.: Seung Ha Park, Won Young Lee, Sun Woo Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(6):500-508. Published online December 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
In type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is an early marker of the atherosclerotic process and of endothelial dysfunction. It has also been shown to be related with the prevalence and morbidity of renal and cardiovascular diseases, and is associated with other risk factors of vascular damage. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has long been established as a major independent marker of future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, depending on the body mass and blood pressure load. In order to clarify any association between the urinary microalbumin excretion rate (UAER) and the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), which may explain the observed poor prognosis in these patients, we analysed the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings data of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 48 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had been echocardiographically assessed and their 24-h urine collection analyzed for UAER, and the patients with clinical evidence of heart and renal diseases were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups according to their mean LVMI value (Low LVMI group: LVMI <97 g/m2, n=26; High LVMI group: LVMI >or=97 g/m2, n=22). RESULTS: The UAER, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, were higher in the High LVMI group, but age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and duration of diabetes were similar in both group. The correlation of UAER and systolic blood pressure with LVMI remained significant, even after a multiple regression analysis (p=0.042, p=0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION: The significant relationship between the UAER and LVMI was independent of blood pressure, age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, an increased UAER may play an important role in the development of LVH.

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