Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

A Comparative Study of Eating Habits and Food Intake in Women with Gestational Diabetes according to Early Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Status: You Jeong Hwang, Bo Kyung Park, Sunmin Park, Sung-Hoon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):354-363. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.354

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Background

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD); continuous life-style intervention, especially diet, is central to managing T2DM and CVD. However, little is known about the dietary patterns of women with GDM after delivery. The goal of this study was to compare the eating habits and food intakes of women diagnosed with GDM during the early postpartum period.

Methods

We performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 184 women with GDM between 6 and 12 weeks after delivery. Based on the results of the OGTT, the subjects were divided into three groups according to the American Diabetes Association criteria; normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=100), pre-diabetes (n=73), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (n=11). Eating habits and usual food intake after delivery were investigated using a questionnaire, based on 24 hour-recall, which was administered by a trained dietitian. The daily intake data were analyzed using CAN Pro 3.0. Blood tests were performed pre- and post-delivery.

Results

Eating habits were not significantly different among the three groups. However, animal fat consumption was significantly different among the three groups. The intake ratio of fat calories to total calories was also significantly higher in the pre-diabetes and DM groups.

Conclusion

Although diet in the period 6 to 12 weeks postpartum did not influence glucose level, it may be important to educate women with GDM about the risks of excessive animal fat intake during pregnancy and the postpartum period in order to prevent later onset of T2DM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intuitive eating is associated with weight and glucose control during pregnancy and in the early postpartum period in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A clinical cohort study
Dan Yedu Quansah, Justine Gross, Leah Gilbert, Celine Helbling, Antje Horsch, Jardena J. Puder
Eating Behaviors.2019; 34: 101304. CrossRef
Prevention of Diabetes after Gestational Diabetes: Better Translation of Nutrition and Lifestyle Messages Needed
Sharleen O'Reilly
Healthcare.2014; 2(4): 468. CrossRef
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Women: Similarities and Differences from Other Racial/Ethnic Groups
Catherine Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(1): 1. CrossRef
A Study of Snack Consumption, Night-Eating Habits, and Nutrient Intake in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hee-jin Park, JinJu Lee, Ji-Myung Kim, Hyun Ah Lee, Sung-Hoon Kim, Yuri Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2013; 2(1): 42. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Population of Women Living in Spain: Implications for Preventative Strategies
Ana M. Ramos-Leví, Natalia Pérez-Ferre, M. Dolores Fernández, Laura del Valle, Elena Bordiu, Ana Rosa Bedia, Miguel A. Herraiz, M. José Torrejón, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual
International Journal of Endocrinology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
The Influence of Ethnicity on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature
Christian M. Girgis, Jenny E. Gunton, N. Wah Cheung
ISRN Endocrinology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate in Korean Patients with Diabetes
Eun Hae Lee, Chul Woo Ahn
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(6): 578. CrossRef

The Effects of Metformin Given into the Brain on Food Intake and a Expressions of Hypothalamic Neurotransmitters in the Rats.: Eun Sook Kim, Jin Yub Kim, Sang Wook Kim, Joong Yeol Park, Ki Up Lee, Sung Kwan Hong; Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(4):475-481. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Metformin, a biguanide agent, is an oral hypoglycemic agent frequently prescribed to non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. In adclition to the glucose lowering effect, it is known to suppress fol intake, but the action mechanism for food intake suppression is not known yet. Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) is recently identified that strongly stimulates food intake and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is also known to be involved in the ingestion of foods. The effects of mettormin on these substances are not known yet. We tried to define the effect of metformin administered into the lateral ventricle on the amount of food intake and mRNA expressions of NPY and MCH. METHODS: Each rat was housed in a separate cage, and brain cannula was set into the lateral ventricle and proper position was checked by the response to angiotensin-II injection. Metformin l ug (1 ug/uL) or normal saline (1 uL) were injected daily into the lateral ventricle for 4 days in the Metformin group (n=7) and Control group (n=6) respectively, and the amount of food intake and weight change were recrded. Expressions of corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA in paraventricular nucleus, NPY mRNA in arcuate nucleus, and MCH mRNA in lateral hypothalamus were measured by the in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS: The amount of food intake was lower in metformin group than that in control group by 14~35% during the study period (p<0.05). Changes of body weight was -18+9 g (mean+SD) in metformin group and -2+11 g in control group. But mRNA expressions of NPY, MCH and CRH were not different between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Metformin injected into the brain reduced the amount of food intake and body weight without the changes of NPY and MCH mRNAs. This study suggests that metformin suppress food intake by directly acting in the brain, but these effects are not through the changes of NPY and MCH mRNA expressions.

Perceived barriers to Dietary Practice Adherence Among Persons with Diabetes.: O Keum Song, Hong Woo Nam, Do Ho Moon, Kyung Ho Lim, Hyun Kyung Moon, Eul Sang Kim; Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(3):381-391. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Diet therapy is viewed as a cornerstone of diabetes care and emphasized to all the type of diabetes. The diet has been identified by many patients as one of the most difficult part of managing their diabetes. They may have several factors to influence adherence to a dict. The purpose of this study was to identify dietary practice adherence and perceived barriers(intrinsic and extrinsic factors) among the persons with diabetes at Diabetes Clinic in Nationwide.. METHODS: The survey questionnaire was mailed to 852 persons with diabetes member via diabetes educators of 156 hospitals, clinics and 24 health centers. Questionnaire divided into 3 part;(1)background information (2)meal regularity and food intake as a dietary practice adherence (3)40 items with motive/ attitude as a intrinsic factor and knowledge, resources/authority as a extrinsic factor was rated by the thoughts and feelings associated with barriers to dietary practice adherence. 432 questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 51%. RESULTS: Meal regularty was more satisfactory than food intake. Deficit of meal regularity was reasonable spacing between meal and snack' due to "grazing", "weak will", "hunger feeling". Deficit of food Intake was protein food in 3 meal a day' 43% less recommendation due to I wouldnt disturb anyone so I used to eat something available", fear of hyperglycemia, bother to prepare food. Conclusions: The respondents to this questionnaire were members of Diabetes Clinics. They perceived that motive/attitude(intrinsic factors) was as the major barriers while authority/resources(extrinsic factors) was as a minor barriers to the dietary practice adherence. Tliese results suggest that dietary strategies may need to be developed cognitive-behavioral aspect and problem-solving skills for alteration in 'Real-life' diabetic situation to dietary practice adherence.

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