Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Risk Factors for the Progression of Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Sang Ouk Chin, Jin Kyung Hwang, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, You-Cheol Hwang, Seungjoon Oh, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Jeong-taek Woo, Sung-Woon Kim, Young Seol Kim, Ja-Heon Kang, In-Kyung Jeong; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):365-374. Published online October 17, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.365

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Background

Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries is known to have a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to identify risk factors affecting the progression of carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with carotid IMT measurements were enrolled, and their clinical data and carotid IMT results at baseline and 2 years later were compared.

Results

Of the 171 patients, 67.2% of males and 50.8% of females had abnormal baseline IMT of the left common carotid artery. At baseline, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and smoking in male participants, and fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in females were significantly higher in patients with abnormal IMT than in those with normal IMT. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in males and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in females at the 2-year follow-up were significantly different between the nonprogression and the progression groups. Reduction of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score after 2 years was generally higher in the nonprogression group than the progression group.

Conclusion

LDL-C levels in males and HDL-C levels in females at the 2-year follow-up were significantly different between participants with and without progression of carotid IMT. Furthermore, a reduction in the UKPDS 10-year CHD risk score appeared to delay the advancement of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the importance of establishing the therapeutic goal of lipid profiles should be emphasized to prevent the progression of carotid IMT in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets, in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Tanefa A. Apekey, Maria J. Maynard, Monia Kittana, Setor K. Kunutsor
Nutrients.2022; 14(20): 4391. CrossRef
Nomogram Based on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Rong Shi, Birong Wu, Zheyun Niu, Hui Sun, Fan Hu
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 5025. CrossRef
HMGA1 Mediated High-Glucose-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Diabetes Mellitus: Association Between PI3K/Akt Signaling and HMGA1 Expression
Qinghai Zhang, Ling Chen, Zhibo Zhao, Ying Wu, Jing Zhong, Gebo Wen, Renxian Cao, Xuyu Zu, Jianghua Liu
DNA and Cell Biology.2018; 37(4): 389. CrossRef
Relationship between frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and changes in carotid atherosclerosis in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tomoya Mita, Naoto Katakami, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Hidenori Yoshii, Nobuichi Kuribayashi, Takeshi Osonoi, Hideaki Kaneto, Keisuke Kosugi, Yutaka Umayahara, Masahiko Gosho, Iichiro Shimomura, Hirotaka Watada
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of carotid atherosclerosis detection on physician and patient behavior in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, observational, multicenter study
In-Kyung Jeong, Sin-Gon Kim, Dong Hyeok Cho, Chong Hwa Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Won-Young Lee, Kyu-Chang Won, Doo-Man Kim
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of fibroblast growth factors and advanced glycation end-products on the intima-media complex thickness in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Ivannikova, Victor Yurievich Kalashnikov, Olga Mikhailovna Smirnova, Alexander Borisovich Kuznetsov, Сергей Anatolievich Terekhin, Alexander Viktorovich Il'in
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Basal C-peptide Level as a Surrogate Marker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Sung-Tae Kim, Byung-Joon Kim, Dong-Mee Lim, In-Geol Song, Jang-Han Jung, Kang-Woo Lee, Keun-Young Park, Youn-Zoo Cho, Dae-Ho Lee, Gwan-Pyo Koh; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(1):41-49. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.1.41

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Recent studies have revealed that C-peptide induces smooth muscle cell proliferation and causes human atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic patients. The present study was designed to examine whether the basal C-peptide levels correlate with cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods

Data was obtained from 467 patients with T2DM from two institutions who were followed for four years. The medical findings of all patients were reviewed, and patients with creatinine >1.4 mg/dL, any inflammation or infection, hepatitis, or type 1 DM were excluded. The relationships between basal C-peptide and other clinical values were statistically analyzed.

Results

A simple correlation was found between basal C-peptide and components of metabolic syndrome (MS). Statistically basal C-peptide levels were significantly higher than the three different MS criteria used in the present study, the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP's), World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria (NCEP-ATP III, P=0.001; IDF, P<0.001; WHO, P=0.029). The multiple regression analysis between intima-media thickness (IMT) and clinical values showed that basal C-peptide significantly correlated with IMT (P=0.043), while the analysis between the 10-year coronary heart disease risk by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine and clinical values showed that basal C-peptide did not correlate with IMT (P=0.226).

Conclusion

Basal C-peptide is related to cardiovascular predictors (IMT) of T2DM, suggesting that basal C-peptide does provide a further indication of cardiovascular disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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The Correlation Between C-Peptide and Severity of Peripheral Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Maisa A Wahab, Alshaymaa Alhabibi, Ahmed Khairy Sakr, Mohamed Yahia Zakaria, Ola I Saleh, Inass Hassan Ahmad, Eman Abdelrahman, Randa Taha, Fayka Karem Abdel Azeem Ahmed, Bothayna Ismail, Lamiaa Hosney Azel, Asmaa S Hassan, Hanaa Mohammed Eid El Sayed, Sa
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 2617. CrossRef
Blood C‐peptide concentration as a proxy marker of cardiovascular disease: An observational cross‐sectional study
Laurinda Adusu‐Donkor, Emmanuel Kwaku Ofori, Fleischer C. N. Kotey, Francis Kwaku Dogodzi, Wormenor Dziedzorm, Alfred Buabeng, Segla Kwame Bernard, Seth K. Amponsah, Henry Asare‐Anane
Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of insulin induced lipohypertrophy on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cem Onur Kirac, Vehbi Sirikci, Huseyin Avni Findikli
Medicine.2023; 102(39): e34696. CrossRef
Effects of Serum C‐Peptide Level on Blood Lipid and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Injury in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta‐Analysis
Juan Qin, Rongli Sun, Ding Ding, Yuvaraja Teekaraman
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Endocrine Journal.2022; 69(7): 773. CrossRef
Human C-peptide is a ligand of the elastin-receptor-complex and therewith central to human vascular remodelling and disease in metabolic syndrome
Gert Wensvoort
Medical Hypotheses.2022; 168: 110964. CrossRef
Influence of blood glucose fluctuation, C-peptide level and conventional risk factors on carotid artery intima–media thickness in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Min Liu, Li Ao, Xinyu Hu, Jianning Ma, Kena Bao, Ye Gu, Jing Zhao, Weiping Huang
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Nearmeen M. Rashad, Ghada M. Samir, Hanan M. Sabry, Nesreen M. Mohy, Shereen M. El Shabrawy
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Haseeb A. Khan, Samia H. Sobki, Aishah Ekhzaimy, Isra Khan, Mona A. Almusawi
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SERUM C-PEPTIDE LEVEL IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Shamha Beegum Mariyam, Saboora Beegum Muthubeevi, Sandhya Chandrasekharan Vasantha
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Hemolysis Affects C‐Peptide Immunoassay
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Itahisa Marcelino Rodríguez, José Oliva García, José Juan Alemán Sánchez, Delia Almeida González, Santiago Domínguez Coello, Buenaventura Brito Díaz, Fadoua Gannar, María del Cristo Rodríguez Pérez, Roberto Elosua, Antonio Cabrera de León
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C-Peptide Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in T2DM Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study
Lingshu Wang, Peng Lin, Aixia Ma, Huizhen Zheng, Kexin Wang, Wenjuan Li, Chuan Wang, Ruxing Zhao, Kai Liang, Fuqiang Liu, Xinguo Hou, Jun Song, Yiran Lu, Ping Zhu, Yu Sun, Li Chen, Marta Letizia Hribal
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Susan Costantini, Francesca Capone, Eliana Guerriero, Raffaele Marfella, Angela Sorice, Patrizia Maio, Michele Di Stasio, Giuseppe Paolisso, Giuseppe Castello, Giovanni Colonna, Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
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Letter: Basal C-peptide Level as a Surrogate Marker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:41-9)
Min Suk Lee, Hae Jin Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(2): 188. CrossRef
Response: Basal C-peptide Level as a Surrogate Marker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (Diabetes Metab J 2011;35:41-9)
Sung-Tae Kim, Byung-Joon Kim, Dong-Mee Lim, In-Geol Song, Jang-Han Jung, Kang-Woo Lee, Keun-Young Park, Youn-Zoo Cho, Dae-Ho Lee, Gwan-Pyo Koh
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(2): 190. CrossRef

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