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Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review and Position Statement of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jaehyun Bae, Eugene Han, Hye Won Lee, Cheol-Young Park, Choon Hee Chung, Dae Ho Lee, Eun-Hee Cho, Eun-Jung Rhee, Ji Hee Yu, Ji Hyun Park, Ji-Cheol Bae, Jung Hwan Park, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung-Soo Kim, Mi Hae Seo, Minyoung Lee, Nan-Hee Kim, So Hun Kim, Won-Young Lee, Woo Je Lee, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Yong-ho Lee, You-Cheol Hwang, Young Sang Lyu, Byung-Wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, on Behalf of the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1015-1028.   Published online November 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0541
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Since the role of the liver in metabolic dysfunction, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, was demonstrated, studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have shown associations between fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Unlike the exclusionary diagnostic criteria of NAFLD, MAFLD diagnosis is based on the presence of metabolic dysregulation in fatty liver disease. Renaming NAFLD as MAFLD also introduced simpler diagnostic criteria. In 2023, a new nomenclature, steatotic liver disease (SLD), was proposed. Similar to MAFLD, SLD diagnosis is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic dysfunction. SLD is categorized into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related/-associated liver disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, specific etiology SLD, and cryptogenic SLD. The term MASLD has been adopted by a number of leading national and international societies due to its concise diagnostic criteria, exclusion of other concomitant liver diseases, and lack of stigmatizing terms. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, clinical relevance, and differences among NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD from a diabetologist’s perspective and provides a rationale for adopting SLD/MASLD in the Fatty Liver Research Group of the Korean Diabetes Association.
Brief Report
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Trends in the Prevalence of Obesity and Its Phenotypes Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2017 in Korea
Sang Ouk Chin, You-Cheol Hwang, Hong-Yup Ahn, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(5):808-812.   Published online March 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0226
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII from 2007 to identify the prevalence of obesity and its phenotypes (metabolically unhealthy obesity [MUO] and metabolically healthy obesity [MHO]) and their secular changes. The prevalence of obesity in Korea increased with significant secular changes observed (β=0.326, P trend <0.01) between 2007 and 2017, and especially in men (β=0.682, P trend <0.001) but not in women. The changes in the prevalence of obesity during the study period were different between men and women (P=0.001). The prevalence of MUO significantly increased only in men (β=0.565, P trend <0.01), while that of MHO increased only in women (β=0.179, P<0.05), especially in the younger age group (β=0.308, P<0.01).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Link between obesity and growth in children and adolescents
    Hae Sang Lee
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(5): 330.     CrossRef
  • Hormonal Gut–Brain Signaling for the Treatment of Obesity
    Eun Roh, Kyung Mook Choi
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3384.     CrossRef
  • Differences of Regional Fat Distribution Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging According to Obese Phenotype in Koreans
    Ha-Neul Choi, Hyunjung Lim, Young-Seol Kim, Sang-Youl Rhee, Jung-Eun Yim
    Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022; 20(10): 551.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Drug/Regimen
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Effects of Teneligliptin on HbA1c levels, Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Time in Range and Glycemic Variability in Elderly Patients with T2DM (TEDDY Study)
Ji Cheol Bae, Soo Heon Kwak, Hyun Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Sunghwan Suh, Bok Jin Hyun, Ji Eun Cha, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):81-92.   Published online June 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0016
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  • 5 Web of Science
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To evaluate the effects of teneligliptin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived time in range, and glycemic variability in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in eight centers in Korea (clinical trial registration number: NCT03508323). Sixty-five participants aged ≥65 years, who were treatment-naïve or had been treated with stable doses of metformin, were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive 20 mg of teneligliptin (n=35) or placebo (n=30) for 12 weeks. The main endpoints were the changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 12, CGM metrics-derived time in range, and glycemic variability.
Results
After 12 weeks, a significant reduction (by 0.84%) in HbA1c levels was observed in the teneligliptin group compared to that in the placebo group (by 0.08%), with a between-group least squares mean difference of –0.76% (95% confidence interval [CI], –1.08 to –0.44). The coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion significantly decreased in participants treated with teneligliptin as compared to those in the placebo group. Teneligliptin treatment significantly decreased the time spent above 180 or 250 mg/dL, respectively, without increasing the time spent below 70 mg/dL. The mean percentage of time for which glucose levels remained in the 70 to 180 mg/dL time in range (TIR70–180) at week 12 was 82.0%±16.0% in the teneligliptin group, and placebo-adjusted change in TIR70–180 from baseline was 13.3% (95% CI, 6.0 to 20.6).
Conclusion
Teneligliptin effectively reduced HbA1c levels, time spent above the target range, and glycemic variability, without increasing hypoglycemia in our study population.

Citations

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  • Comparison of teneligliptin and other gliptin-based regimens in addressing insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study
    Harmanjit Singh, Ravi Rohilla, Shivani Jaswal, Mandeep Singla
    Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 19(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Potential approaches using teneligliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: current status and future prospects
    Harmanjit Singh, Jasbir Singh, Ravneet Kaur Bhangu, Mandeep Singla, Jagjit Singh, Farideh Javid
    Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 16(1): 49.     CrossRef
  • Mechanism of molecular interaction of sitagliptin with human DPP4 enzyme - New Insights
    Michelangelo Bauwelz Gonzatti, José Edvar Monteiro Júnior, Antônio José Rocha, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Antônio José de Jesus Evangelista, Fátima Morgana Pio Fonseca, Vânia Marilande Ceccatto, Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira, José Ednésio da Cruz Freire
    Advances in Medical Sciences.2023; 68(2): 402.     CrossRef
  • A prospective multicentre open label study to assess effect of Teneligliptin on glycemic control through parameters of time in range (TIR) Metric using continuous glucose monitoring (TOP-TIR study)
    Banshi Saboo, Suhas Erande, A.G. Unnikrishnan
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2022; 16(2): 102394.     CrossRef
  • Association between Variability of Metabolic Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Outcomes
    Min Jeong Park, Kyung Mook Choi
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(1): 49.     CrossRef
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Increased Visit-to-Visit Liver Enzyme Variability Is Associated with Incident Diabetes: A Community-Based 12-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Kyuhoon Bang, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, You-Cheol Hwang
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):890-898.   Published online March 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0208
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Fatty liver and/or increased liver enzyme values have been reported to be associated with incident diabetes. We sought to determine whether increased visit-to-visit liver enzyme variability is associated with incident diabetes.
Methods
Study participants were recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES). A total of 4,151 people aged 40 to 69 years was recruited and tested every 2 years for up to 12 years. Visit-to-visit aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) variability was evaluated in first the 6-year period through the use of various variability measurements: standard deviation (SD), average successive variability, coefficient of variation (CV), and variation independent of mean (VIM). Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at every visit.
Results
During the 6-year follow‐up appointments, 13.0% (538/4,151) of people developed incident diabetes. Visit-to-visit AST variability was associated with an increased risk of diabetes independent of conventional risk factors for diabetes (hazard ratio per 1-SD increment [95% confidence interval]: 1.06 [1.00 to 1.11], 1.12 [1.04 to 1.21], and 1.13 [1.04 to 1.22] for SD, CV, and VIM, respectively; all P<0.05); however, no such associations were observed in the visit-to-visit ALT variability. According to alcohol consumption status, both AST and ALT variability were independent predictors for incident diabetes in subjects with heavy alcohol consumption; however, neither AST nor ALT variability was associated with diabetes risk in subjects who did not drink alcohol heavily.
Conclusion
Visit-to-visit liver enzyme variability is an independent predictor of incident diabetes. Such association was more evident in those who consumed significant amounts of alcohol.
Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Intra-Abdominal Fat and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated in a Non-Linear Pattern in Japanese-Americans
Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Edward J. Boyko
Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(2):277-285.   Published online March 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0008
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

We describe the association between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and computed tomography (CT)-measured fat depots.

Methods

We examined the cross-sectional associations between HDL-C concentration and intra-abdominal (IAF), abdominal subcutaneous (SCF), and thigh fat (TF) areas in 641 Japanese-American men and women. IAF, SCF, and TF were measured by CT at the level of the umbilicus and mid-thigh. The associations between fat area measurements and HDL-C were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, diabetes family history, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI). Non-linearity was assessed using fractional polynomials.

Results

Mean±standard deviation of HDL-C concentration and IAF in men and women were 1.30±0.34 mg/dL, 105±55.3 cm2, and 1.67±0.43 mg/dL, 74.4±46.6 cm2 and differed significantly by gender for both comparisons (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, HDL-C concentration was significantly associated with CT-measured fat depots. In multivariate analysis, IAF was significantly and non-linearly associated with HDL-C concentration adjusted for age, sex, BMI, HOMA-IR, SCF, and TF (IAF: β=−0.1012, P<0.001; IAF2: β=0.0008, P<0.001). SCF was also negatively and linearly associated with HDL-C (β=−0.4919, P=0.001).

Conclusion

HDL-C does not linearly decline with increasing IAF in Japanese-Americans. A more complex pattern better fits this association.

Citations

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  • Associations of Serum Uric Acid to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio with Trunk Fat Mass and Visceral Fat Accumulation
    Yansu Wang, Yiting Xu, Tingting Hu, Yunfeng Xiao, Yufei Wang, Xiaojing Ma, Haoyong Yu, Yuqian Bao
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 121.     CrossRef
  • Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity, Metabolic Parameters and Clinical Values in the South Korean Adult Population
    Anna Kim, Eun-yeob Kim, Jaeyoung Kim
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(10): 2814.     CrossRef
  • Obesity-related parameters in carriers of some BDNF genetic variants may depend on daily dietary macronutrients intake
    Urszula Miksza, Edyta Adamska-Patruno, Witold Bauer, Joanna Fiedorczuk, Przemyslaw Czajkowski, Monika Moroz, Krzysztof Drygalski, Andrzej Ustymowicz, Elwira Tomkiewicz, Maria Gorska, Adam Kretowski
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computed tomography-based investigation of the correlation of abdominal fat areas with metabolic syndrome
    Kai-Yuan Cheng, Tsung-Hsien Yen, Jay Wu, Pei-Hsuan Li, Tian-Yu Shih
    Journal of Radiological Science.2023; 48(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Is Independently Associated with Greater Future Accumulation of Intra-Abdominal Fat
    Sun Ok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Han Uk Ryu, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Edward J. Boyko
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(4): 835.     CrossRef
Response
Response: Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy 20 mg with Rosuvastatin 5 mg and Ezetimibe 10 mg Combination Therapy on Lipid Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:582–9)
You-Cheol Hwang
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):915-916.   Published online December 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0213
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Citations

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  • Improved Pharmacodynamic Potential of Rosuvastatin by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: An in vitro and in vivo Evaluation
    Ravinder Verma, Ajeet Kaushik, Rafa Almeer, Md Habibur Rahman, Mohamed M Abdel-Daim, Deepak Kaushik
    International Journal of Nanomedicine.2021; Volume 16: 905.     CrossRef
Short Communication
Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
A Lower Baseline Urinary Glucose Excretion Predicts a Better Response to the Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor
You-Cheol Hwang, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Woo Je Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):898-905.   Published online June 14, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0257
  • 4,800 View
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   

We aimed to identify the clinical variables associated with a better glucose-lowering response to the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We especially focused on urinary glucose excretion (UGE). This was a single-arm multicenter prospective study. A total of 92 people with T2DM aged 20 to 70 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% and ≤9.5% were enrolled. Ipragliflozin (50 mg) was added to the background therapy for these people for 12 weeks. After 3 months treatment with ipragliflozin, the mean HbA1c levels were decreased from 7.6% to 6.9% and 62.0% of the people reached the HbA1c target of less than 7.0% (P<0.001). In addition, body weight, blood pressure, and lipid parameters were improved after ipragliflozin treatment (all P<0.001). The baseline HbA1c (r=0.66, P<0.001) and morning spot urine glucose to creatinine ratio (r=−0.30, P=0.001) were independently associated with the HbA1c reduction. Ipragliflozin treatment for 12 weeks improves glycemic control and other metabolic parameters. A higher HbA1c and lower UGE at baseline predicts a better glucose-lowering efficacy of ipragliflozin.

Citations

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  • Preventing and Treating Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Promising Therapeutic Agents and Strategies
    Allison Zhang, Rita El Hachem, Jennifer Goldman
    ADCES in Practice.2024; 12(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • Association of common variant rs9934336 of SLC5A2 (SGLT2) gene with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality
    Anamika Das, Gunanidhi Dhangadamajhi
    Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mathematical Models of the Effect of Glucagon on Glycemia in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Dapagliflozin
    Tomoko Yamada, Hikaru Sugimoto, Ken-ichi Hironaka, Yasuko Morita, Hiroshi Miura, Natsu Otowa-Suematsu, Yuko Okada, Yushi Hirota, Kazuhiko Sakaguchi, Shinya Kuroda, Wataru Ogawa
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • β-hydroxybutyrate as a biomarker of β-cell function in new-onset type 2 diabetes and its association with treatment response at 6 months
    Minyoung Lee, Yongin Cho, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2023; 49(4): 101427.     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Dose Escalation of Luseogliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Poor Glycemic Control
    Tadashi Arao, Yosuke Okada, Akira Kurozumi, Yoshiya Tanaka
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Role of SLC5A2 polymorphisms and effects of genetic polymorphism on sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors response
    Bo Xu, Shaoqian Li, Bo Kang, Shangzhi Fan, Canyu Chen, Weiyi Li, Jixiang Chen, Zunbo He, Fan Tang, Jiecan Zhou
    Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 50(11): 9637.     CrossRef
  • Current Use and Complementary Value of Combining in Vivo Imaging Modalities to Understand the Renoprotective Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors at a Tissue Level
    Sjoukje van der Hoek, Jasper Stevens
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical and genetic determinants of urinary glucose excretion in patients with diabetes mellitus
    Keisuke Monobe, Shinsuke Noso, Naru Babaya, Yoshihisa Hiromine, Yasunori Taketomo, Fumimaru Niwano, Sawa Yoshida, Sara Yasutake, Tatsuro Minohara, Yumiko Kawabata, Hiroshi Ikegami
    Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2021; 12(5): 728.     CrossRef
  • Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Kyung-Soo Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
    Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2020; 26(4): 430.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy 20 mg with Rosuvastatin 5 mg and Ezetimibe 10 mg Combination Therapy on Lipid Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
You-Cheol Hwang, Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(5):582-589.   Published online January 16, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0124
  • 8,415 View
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  • 16 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

The apolipoprotein B/A1 (apoB/A1) ratio is a stronger predictor of future cardiovascular disease than is the level of conventional lipids. Statin and ezetimibe combination therapy have shown additional cardioprotective effects over statin monotherapy.

Methods

This was a single-center, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study in Korea. A total of 36 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to either rosuvastatin monotherapy (20 mg/day, n=20) or rosuvastatin/ezetimibe (5 mg/10 mg/day, n=16) combination therapy for 6 weeks.

Results

After the 6-week treatment, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB reduction were comparable between the two groups (−94.3±15.4 and −62.0±20.9 mg/dL in the rosuvastatin group, −89.9±22.7 and −66.8±21.6 mg/dL in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group, P=0.54 and P=0.86, respectively). In addition, change in apoB/A1 ratio (−0.44±0.16 in the rosuvastatin group and −0.47±0.25 in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group, P=0.58) did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) reductions were greater in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group than in the rosuvastatin group (−10.5 mg/dL [interquartile range (IQR), −37.5 to 29.5] and 0.0 µEq/L [IQR, −136.8 to 146.0] in the rosuvastatin group, −49.5 mg/dL [IQR, −108.5 to −27.5] and −170.5 µEq/L [IQR, −353.0 to 0.8] in the rosuvastatin/ezetimibe group, P=0.010 and P=0.049, respectively). Both treatments were generally well tolerated, and there were no differences in muscle or liver enzyme elevation.

Conclusion

A 6-week combination therapy of low-dose rosuvastatin and ezetimibe showed LDL-C, apoB, and apoB/A1 ratio reduction comparable to that of high-dose rosuvastatin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Triglyceride and FFA reductions were greater with the combination therapy than with rosuvastatin monotherapy.

Citations

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  • Moderate-Intensity Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Combination versus Quadruple-Dose Rosuvastatin Monotherapy: A Meta-Analysis and Systemic Review
    Yura Kang, Jung Mi Park, Sang-Hak Lee
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy and Rosuvastatin Plus Ezetimibe Combination Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Samuel K Dadzie, Godfrey Tabowei, Mandeep Kaur, Saeed Ahmed, Aayushi Thakur, Khaldoun Khreis, Monika Bai, Adil Amin
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Aman Goyal, Muhammad Daoud Tariq, Hritvik Jain, Abhigan Babu Shrestha, Laveeza Fatima, Romana Riyaz, Hritik Raj Yadav, Darsh Safi, Abdul Qahar K. Yasinzai, Rozi Khan, Amir Humza Sohail, Mohamed Daoud, Abu Baker Sheikh
    Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ming Zhang, Yuhan Zhang, Lingdong Li, Changbin Wei, Taotao Dai, Ya Li, Xixiang Shuai, Liqing Du
    Foods.2024; 13(22): 3672.     CrossRef
  • Combination Therapy of Ezetimibe and Rosuvastatin for Dyslipidemia: Current Insights
    Maya R Chilbert, Dylan VanDuyn, Sara Salah, Collin M Clark, Qing Ma
    Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2022; Volume 16: 2177.     CrossRef
  • Ezetimibe and diabetes mellitus:a new strategy for lowering cholesterol
    V.A. Serhiyenko, A.A. Serhiyenko
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2022; 18(5): 302.     CrossRef
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    Akililu Alemu Ashuro, Yin-Guang Fan, Yuan-Sheng Fu, Dong-Sheng Di, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Hai-Feng Pan, Dong-Qing Ye
    AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.2021; 37(11): 821.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe Combination Therapy and Rosuvastatin Monotherapy on Lipoprotein in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study
    Jiwoo Lee, You-Cheol Hwang, Woo Je Lee, Jong Chul Won, Kee-Ho Song, Cheol-Young Park, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Joong-Yeol Park
    Diabetes Therapy.2020; 11(4): 859.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Renal Effects of Ezetimibe–Statin Combination versus Statin Monotherapy: A Propensity-Score-Matched Analysis
    Jaehyun Bae, Namki Hong, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Yong-ho Lee
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(3): 798.     CrossRef
  • Combined use of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe improves hepatic steatosis in patients with dyslipidemia
    Won Dong Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Kwang-Hyub Han, Seung Up Kim
    European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 32(12): 1538.     CrossRef
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    Cristian I. Ciucanu, Sonia Olariu, Daliborca C. Vlad, Victor Dumitraşcu
    Medicine.2020; 99(48): e23356.     CrossRef
  • The effect of switching from statin-monotherapy to statin/ezetimibe combination therapy on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: a multicenter open-label study (EUCLID)
    Mitsuhide Takeshita, Atsushi Tanaka, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Keiko Sato, Shigeru Toyoda, Teruo Inoue, Koichi Node
    Vascular Failure.2020; 4(1): 22.     CrossRef
  • Response: Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy 20 mg with Rosuvastatin 5 mg and Ezetimibe 10 mg Combination Therapy on Lipid Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43:582–9)
    You-Cheol Hwang
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(6): 915.     CrossRef
  • Letter: Comparison of the Efficacy of Rosuvastatin Monotherapy 20 mg with Rosuvastatin 5 mg and Ezetimibe 10 mg Combination Therapy on Lipid Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J2019;43:582–9)
    Tae Seo Sohn
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(6): 909.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Plasma Free Fatty Acids Associated with Type-2 Diabetes
    Amélie I. S. Sobczak, Claudia A. Blindauer, Alan J. Stewart
    Nutrients.2019; 11(9): 2022.     CrossRef
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Higher High Density Lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) to Total HDL Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with a Lower Risk for Incident Hypertension
You-Cheol Hwang, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Edward J. Boyko
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(1):114-122.   Published online September 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0053
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Recent studies have suggested that high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is inversely associated with the development of hypertension. We aimed to determine the association between different HDL cholesterol subclasses and risk of future hypertension.

Methods

A total of 270 Japanese Americans (130 men, 140 women) without hypertension between the ages of 34 to 75 years were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and average blood pressure was calculated. Incident hypertension was determined 5 to 6 and 10 to 11 years after enrollment. HDL2, HDL3, and total HDL cholesterol were measured at baseline.

Results

During 10 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 28.1% (76/270). In univariate analysis, age, diabetes, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and visceral adipose tissue were significant predictors for incident hypertension. Among the HDL cholesterol subclass, HDL2 cholesterol was inversely associated with hypertension incidence, but both total and HDL3 cholesterol were not. In addition, HDL2/HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with future hypertension risk. In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 2.31; P=0.001), systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.56; P<0.001), and HDL2/HDL cholesterol (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.98; P=0.035), were associated with future development of hypertension.

Conclusion

A higher proportion of HDL2 cholesterol among total HDL cholesterol predicted a lower risk for incident hypertension. However, concentrations of total HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol were not independent predictors of incident hypertension.

Citations

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    International Urology and Nephrology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Epidemiology
Predictors of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Americans with Normal Fasting Glucose Level
You-Cheol Hwang, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Steven E. Kahn, Donna L. Leonetti, Edward J. Boyko
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(3):198-206.   Published online April 25, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0100
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Little is known about the natural course of normal fasting glucose (NFG) in Asians and the risk factors for future diabetes.

Methods

A total of 370 Japanese Americans (163 men, 207 women) with NFG levels and no history of diabetes, aged 34 to 75 years, were enrolled. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline, 2.5, 5, and 10 years after enrollment.

Results

During 10 years of follow-up, 16.1% of participants met criteria for diabetes diagnosis, and 39.6% of subjects still had NFG levels at the time of diabetes diagnosis. During 5 years of follow-up, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.10; P=0.026) and family history of diabetes (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.42 to 7.40; P=0.005) were independently associated with future diabetes diagnosis; however, fasting glucose level was not an independent predictor. During 10 years of follow-up, family history of diabetes (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.37 to 5.54; P=0.004), fasting insulin level (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02; P=0.037), and fasting glucose level (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.13 to 12.01; P=0.030) were associated with diabetes diagnosis independent of conventional risk factors for diabetes.

Conclusion

A substantial number of subjects with NFG at baseline still remained in the NFG range at the time of diabetes diagnosis. A family history of diabetes and fasting insulin and glucose levels were associated with diabetes diagnosis during 10 years of follow-up; however, fasting glucose level was not associated with diabetes risk within the relatively short-term follow-up period of 5 years in subjects with NFG.

Citations

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  • J-shape relationship between normal fasting plasma glucose and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: results from two cohort studies
    Linfeng He, Wenbin Zheng, Zeyu Li, Lu Chen, Wen Kong, Tianshu Zeng
    Journal of Translational Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ziqiong Wang, Zheng Liu, Sen He
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Editorial
Complications
Hypoglycemia: Culprit or Bystander?
You-Cheol Hwang
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):190-191.   Published online June 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.190
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Original Article
Others
Comparison of the Usefulness of the Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) with the Original HOMA1 in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans
Young Seok Song, You-Cheol Hwang, Hong-Yup Ahn, Cheol-Young Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(4):318-325.   Published online May 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.318
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

The original homeostasis model assessment (HOMA1) and the updated HOMA model (HOMA2) have been used to evaluate insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function, but little is known about the usefulness of HOMA2 for the prediction of diabetes in Koreans. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of HOMA2 as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Koreans without diabetes.

Methods

The study population consisted of 104,694 Koreans enrolled at a health checkup program and followed up from 2001 to 2012. Participants were divided into a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and a pre-diabetes group according to fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Anthropometric and laboratory data were measured at the baseline checkup, and HOMA values were calculated at the baseline and follow-up checkups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the HOMA1 and HOMA2 values and the prevalence of diabetes at follow-up were evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

After adjusting for several diabetes risk factors, all of the HOMA values except 1/HOMA1-β and 1/HOMA2-β in the NGT group were significant predictors of the progression to diabetes. In the NGT group, there was no significant difference in HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.14) and HOMA2-IR (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.19). However, in the pre-diabetes group, 1/HOMA2-β was a more powerful marker (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.31) than HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.28) or 1/HOMA1-β (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.16). In the non-diabetic group (NGT+pre-diabetes), 1/HOMA2-β was also a stronger predictor of diabetes (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.29) than HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.15) or 1/HOMA1-β (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.14).

Conclusion

HOMA2 is more predictive than HOMA1 for the progression to diabetes in pre-diabetes or non-diabetic Koreans.

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Response
Response: Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure with Newly Prescribed Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Pioglitazone Using the Korean Health Insurance Claims Database (Diabetes Metab J 2015;39:247-52)
Sunghwan Suh, Gi Hyeon Seo, Chang Hee Jung, Mee-Kyoung Kim, Sang-Man Jin, You-Cheol Hwang, Byung-Wan Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(4):350-351.   Published online August 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.350
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Original Articles
Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure with Newly Prescribed Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Pioglitazone Using the Korean Health Insurance Claims Database
Sunghwan Suh, Gi Hyeon Seo, Chang Hee Jung, Mee-Kyoung Kim, Sang-Man Jin, You-Cheol Hwang, Byung-Wan Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(3):247-252.   Published online April 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.247
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

We assessed the association of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) with hospitalization for heart failure (HF) using the Korean Health Insurance claims database.

Methods

We collected data on newly prescribed sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and pioglitazone between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012 (mean follow-up of 336.8 days) to 935,519 patients with diabetes (518,614 males and 416,905 females) aged 40 to 79 years (mean age of 59.4 years).

Results

During the study, 998 patients were hospitalized for primary HF (115.7 per 100,000 patient-years). The incidence rate of hospitalization for HF was 117.7 per 100,000 per patient-years among patients on pioglitazone, 105.7 for sitagliptin, and 135.8 for vildagliptin. The hospitalization rate for HF was greatest in the first 30 days after starting the medication, which corresponded to a significantly higher incidence at days 0 to 30 compared with days 31 to 360 for all three drugs. The hazard ratios were 1.85 (pioglitazone), 2.00 (sitagliptin), and 1.79 (vildagliptin). The incidence of hospitalization for HF did not differ between the drugs for any time period.

Conclusion

This study showed an increase in hospitalization for HF in the initial 30 days of the DPP4i and pioglitazone compared with the subsequent follow-up period. However, the differences between the drugs were not significant.

Citations

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Risk Factors for the Progression of Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Sang Ouk Chin, Jin Kyung Hwang, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, You-Cheol Hwang, Seungjoon Oh, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Ho Yeon Chung, Jeong-taek Woo, Sung-Woon Kim, Young Seol Kim, Ja-Heon Kang, In-Kyung Jeong
Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):365-374.   Published online October 17, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.365
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   
Background

Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries is known to have a positive correlation with the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to identify risk factors affecting the progression of carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with carotid IMT measurements were enrolled, and their clinical data and carotid IMT results at baseline and 2 years later were compared.

Results

Of the 171 patients, 67.2% of males and 50.8% of females had abnormal baseline IMT of the left common carotid artery. At baseline, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and smoking in male participants, and fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels in females were significantly higher in patients with abnormal IMT than in those with normal IMT. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in males and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in females at the 2-year follow-up were significantly different between the nonprogression and the progression groups. Reduction of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk score after 2 years was generally higher in the nonprogression group than the progression group.

Conclusion

LDL-C levels in males and HDL-C levels in females at the 2-year follow-up were significantly different between participants with and without progression of carotid IMT. Furthermore, a reduction in the UKPDS 10-year CHD risk score appeared to delay the advancement of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the importance of establishing the therapeutic goal of lipid profiles should be emphasized to prevent the progression of carotid IMT in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.

Citations

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