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Pathophysiology
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Enavogliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, Improves Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet
Phuc Thi Minh Pham, Giang Nguyen, So Young Park, Thuy Linh Lai, Dae-Hee Choi, Jeana Hong, Seon Mee Kang, Eun-Hee Cho
Received May 21, 2024  Accepted December 26, 2024  Published online June 16, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0259    [Epub ahead of print]
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a progressive condition caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver, begins with simple steatosis and can potentially progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in the presence of inflammation and fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence indicates that sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors effectively alleviate MASH in mouse models. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of enavogliflozin on liver disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on MASH induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet in mice.
Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet, HFHC diet, or HFHC diet with enavogliflozin for 12 weeks. LX-2 and HepG2 cells were treated with enavogliflozin in the presence of various pathological stimuli.
Results
The HFHC diet induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and severe fibrosis. Administration of enavogliflozin not only ameliorated hepatic steatosis and fibrotic conditions but also suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines. Positive outcomes were also observed in in vitro experiments, where enavogliflozin demonstrated the ability to impede the activation of hepatic stellate cells and alleviate lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. The potential pathway through which enavogliflozin attenuated liver fibrosis development may be associated with the transforming growth factor β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that enavogliflozin is effective in a mouse model of MASH by attenuating hepatic steatosis, suppressing inflammation, and improving liver fibrosis.
Complications
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Association of Succinate and Adenosine Nucleotide Metabolic Pathways with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Inha Jung, Seungyoon Nam, Da Young Lee, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Dae Ho Lee, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1126-1134.   Published online July 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0377
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  • 155 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Although the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is increasing, reliable biomarkers for its early detection are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of adenosine and succinate levels and their related pathways, including hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, with DKD.
Methods
We examined 235 participants and categorized them into three groups: healthy controls; those with diabetes but without DKD; and those with DKD, which was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We compared the concentrations of urinary adenosine, succinate, and HA and the serum levels of cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39) and CD73, which are involved in adenosine generation, among the groups with DKD or albuminuria. In addition, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis to evaluate the independent association of DKD or albuminuria with the metabolites after adjusting for risk factors. We also showed the association of these metabolites with eGFR measured several years before enrollment. This study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (https://cris.nih.go.kr; Registration number: KCT0003573).
Results
Urinary succinate and serum CD39 levels were higher in the DKD group than in the control and non-DKD groups. Correlation analysis consistently linked urinary succinate and serum CD39 concentrations with eGFR, albuminuria, and ΔeGFR, which was calculated retrospectively. However, among the various metabolites studied, only urinary succinate was identified as an independent indicator of DKD and albuminuria.
Conclusion
Among several potential metabolites, only urinary succinate was independently associated with DKD. These findings hold promise for clinical application in the management of DKD.

Citations

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  • Trifolirhizin: A Phytochemical with Multiple Pharmacological Properties
    Varun Jaiswal, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Molecules.2025; 30(2): 383.     CrossRef
  • The role of redox signaling in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum regulation in kidney diseases
    Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo, Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz, Laura María Reyes-Fermín, Zeltzin Alejandra Ceja-Galicia, José Pedraza-Chaverri
    Archives of Toxicology.2025; 99(5): 1865.     CrossRef
  • Chronic succinate exposure does not cause liver injury
    Joseph Balnis, Emily L. Jackson, Lisa A. Drake, Catherine E. Vincent, Hwajeong Lee, Harold A. Singer, Ariel Jaitovich
    American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism.2025; 329(1): E39.     CrossRef
  • Succinate Facilitates CD4+ T Cell Infiltration and CCL1 Production to Promote Myofibroblast Activation and Renal Fibrosis in UUO Mice
    Yuandong Tao, Wei Zhang, Dehong Liu, Hualin Cao, Xiaoyu Yi, Xiangling Deng, Pin Li, Xiaoli Shen, Huixia Zhou
    Journal of Inflammation Research.2025; Volume 18: 7827.     CrossRef
Review
Pathophysiology
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Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes
Da Young Lee, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(1):37-52.   Published online January 3, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0193
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  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes. The circadian clock governs genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral signals in anticipation of cyclic 24-hour events through interactions between a “central clock” in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and “peripheral clocks” in the whole body. Currently, circadian rhythmicity in humans can be subjectively or objectively assessed by measuring melatonin and glucocorticoid levels, core body temperature, peripheral blood, oral mucosa, hair follicles, rest-activity cycles, sleep diaries, and circadian chronotypes. In this review, we summarized various circadian misalignments, such as altered light-dark, sleep-wake, rest-activity, fasting-feeding, shift work, evening chronotype, and social jetlag, as well as mutations in clock genes that could contribute to the development of diabetes and poor glycemic status in patients with diabetes. Targeting critical components of the circadian system could deliver potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.

Citations

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  • Chrononutrition: Potential, Challenges, and Application in Managing Obesity
    Siti Aisyah Fuad, Rehna Paula Ginting, Min-Woo Lee
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(11): 5116.     CrossRef
  • Chrononutrition and Energy Balance: How Meal Timing and Circadian Rhythms Shape Weight Regulation and Metabolic Health
    Claudia Reytor-González, Daniel Simancas-Racines, Náthaly Mercedes Román-Galeano, Giuseppe Annunziata, Martina Galasso, Raynier Zambrano-Villacres, Ludovica Verde, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Luigi Barrea
    Nutrients.2025; 17(13): 2135.     CrossRef
Original Article
Technology/Device
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Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Da Young Lee, Namho Kim, Inha Jung, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Jihee Kim, Kyeong Jin Kim, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sung-Min Park, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):826-836.   Published online August 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0273
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  • 266 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
There was limited evidence to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Thus, we aimed to depict the behavioral and metabolic determinants of CGM metrics in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This is a prospective observational study. We analyzed data from 122 insulin-treated patients with T2DM. Participants wore Dexcom G6 and Fitbit, and diet information was identified for 10 days. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed for the simultaneous achievement of CGM-based targets, defined by the percentage of time in terms of hyper, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability (GV). Intake of macronutrients and fiber, step counts, sleep, postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR), information about glucose lowering medications and metabolic factors were added to the analyses. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the distribution of energy and macronutrient during a day, and snack consumption on CGM metrics.
Results
Logistic regression analysis revealed that female, participants with high PCGR, low glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and daytime step count had a higher probability of achieving all targets based on CGM (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] which were 0.24 [0.09 to 0.65], 1.34 [1.03 to 1.25], 0.95 [0.9 to 0.99], and 1.15 [1.03 to 1.29], respectively). And participants who ate snacks showed a shorter period of hyperglycemia and less GV compared to those without.
Conclusion
We confirmed that residual insulin secretion, daytime step count, HbA1c, and women were the most relevant determinants of adequate glycemic control in insulin-treated patients with T2DM. In addition, individuals with snack consumption were exposed to lower times of hyperglycemia and GV.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Clinical, genetic, and proteomic characteristics of type 2 diabetes complicated with exogenous insulin antibody syndrome: a case-control study
    Jinjing Wan, Leiluo Geng, Yiwen Fu, Qianting Zhang, Gaopeng Guan, Xue Jiang, Aimin Xu, Ping Jin
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; 225: 112262.     CrossRef
  • Explanatory variables of objectively measured 24-h movement behaviors in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
    Lotte Bogaert, Iris Willems, Patrick Calders, Eveline Dirinck, Manon Kinaupenne, Marga Decraene, Bruno Lapauw, Boyd Strumane, Margot Van Daele, Vera Verbestel, Marieke De Craemer
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2024; 18(4): 102995.     CrossRef
Letter
Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:242-54)
So Young Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):437-438.   Published online May 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0100
[Original]
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Antihypertensive Medications and Fracture Risk in Elderly Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Muhammad D Nadeem, Junaid Ali, Shahin Shah, Abroo Mahmood, Umair Ahmad
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Others
Fasting Glucose Variability and the Risk of Dementia in Individuals with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Da Young Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, Sanghyun Park, So Young Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyungdo Han, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):923-935.   Published online May 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0346
  • 9,003 View
  • 298 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
We investigated whether fasting glucose (FG) variability could predict the risk of dementia.
Methods
This cohort study analyzed data from Koreans with diabetes after at least three health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation between 2005 and 2010, which included at least one examination between 2009 and 2010. A total of 769,554 individuals were included, excluding those aged <40 years and those with dementia. FG variability was measured using the variability independent of the mean (FG-VIM). The incidence of dementia was defined by the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes and prescription of anti-dementia medication and was subdivided into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD).
Results
During the 6.9-year follow-up, 54,837, 41,032, and 6,892 cases of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD, respectively, were identified. Cox proportional regression analyses showed that as the FG-VIM quartile increased, the risk of dementia serially increased after adjustment for metabolic factors, income status, and diabetes-related characteristics, including the mean FG. Participants in FG-VIM quartile 4 showed a 18%, 19%, and 17% higher risk for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD, respectively, than those in quartile 1; this particularly included non-obese patients with a longer duration of diabetes, high FG levels, dyslipidemia, and those taking glucose-lowering medications. Conversely, the baseline FG status and dementia showed a U-shaped association.
Conclusion
Increased FG variability over 5 years can predict the risk of dementia in individuals with diabetes in Korea. This finding was more pronounced in patients with less favorable metabolic profiles.

Citations

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  • A Narrative Review: Relationship Between Glycemic Variability and Emerging Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
    Xinxin Wang, Yanli Cao
    Biomolecules.2025; 15(2): 188.     CrossRef
  • Fasting glucose variability and risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease: a 9-year longitudinal follow-up study of a nationwide cohort
    Sung Hoon Kang, Yunjin Choi, Su Jin Chung, Seok-Joo Moon, Chi Kyung Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Kyungmi Oh, Joon Shik Yoon, Sang Won Seo, Geum Joon Cho, Seong-Beom Koh
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  • Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells
    Vishal Chavda, Dhananjay Yadav, Snehal Patel, Minseok Song
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(3): 284.     CrossRef
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    Fang Cao, Fushuang Yang, Jian Li, Wei Guo, Chongheng Zhang, Fa Gao, Xinxin Sun, Yi Zhou, Wenfeng Zhang
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Miguel A. Salinero-Fort, F. Javier San Andrés-Rebollo, Juan Cárdenas-Valladolid, José Mostaza, Carlos Lahoz, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Paloma Gómez-Campelo, Pilar Vich-Pérez, Rodrigo Jiménez-García, José M. de-Miguel-Yanes, Javier Maroto-Rodriguez, Bel
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    The Lancet Healthy Longevity.2024; 5(8): e524.     CrossRef
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    Patricia C. Underwood, Libin Zhang, David C. Mohr, Julia C. Prentice, Richard E. Nelson, Andrew E. Budson, Paul R. Conlin
    JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(8): e2425354.     CrossRef
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    Phan Thanh Phuc, Phung-Anh Nguyen, Nam Nhat Nguyen, Min-Huei Hsu, Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le, Quoc-Viet Tran, Chih-Wei Huang, Hsuan-Chia Yang, Cheng-Yu Chen, Thi Anh Hoa Le, Minh Khoi Le, Hoang Bac Nguyen, Christine Y Lu, Jason C Hsu
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    Paul Nichol G Gonzales, Encarnita R Ampil, Joseree-Ann S Catindig-Dela Rosa, Steven G Villaraza, Ma. Lourdes C Joson
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    Heather Cuevas, Elizabeth Muñoz, Divya Nagireddy, Jeeyeon Kim, Grace Ganucheau, Fathia Alomoush
    Clinical Nursing Research.2023; 32(2): 249.     CrossRef
  • The effects of long-term cumulative HbA1c exposure on the development and onset time of dementia in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Hospital based retrospective study (2005–2021)
    Sunyoung Cho, Choon Ok Kim, Bong-soo Cha, Eosu Kim, Chung Mo Nam, Min-Gul Kim, Min Soo Park
    Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 201: 110721.     CrossRef
  • Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease
    Himan Mohamed-Mohamed, Victoria García-Morales, Encarnación María Sánchez Lara, Anabel González-Acedo, Teresa Pardo-Moreno, María Isabel Tovar-Gálvez, Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez, Juan José Ramos-Rodríguez
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Short Communication
Technology/Device
Comparison of Laser and Conventional Lancing Devices for Blood Glucose Measurement Conformance and Patient Satisfaction in Diabetes Mellitus
Jung A Kim, Min Jeong Park, Eyun Song, Eun Roh, So Young Park, Da Young Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo, Nan Hee Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):936-940.   Published online March 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0293
  • 7,846 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose is important for controlling diabetes. Recently, a laser lancing device (LMT-1000) that can collect capillary blood without skin puncture was developed. We enrolled 150 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood sampling was performed on the same finger on each hand using the LMT-1000 or a conventional lancet. The primary outcome was correlation between glucose values using the LMT-1000 and that using a lancet. And we compared the pain and satisfaction of the procedures. The capillary blood sampling success rates with the LMT-1000 and lancet were 99.3% and 100%, respectively. There was a positive correlation (r=0.974, P<0.001) between mean blood glucose levels in the LMT-1000 (175.8±63.0 mg/dL) and conventional lancet samples (172.5±63.6 mg/dL). LMT-1000 reduced puncture pain by 75.0% and increased satisfaction by 80.0% compared to a lancet. We demonstrated considerable consistency in blood glucose measurements between samples from the LMT-1000 and a lancet, but improved satisfaction and clinically significant pain reduction were observed with the LMT-1000 compared to those with a lancet.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Pain-Related Responses in Preterm Babies Using Automated and Laser Heel-Lancing Devices
    Hea Jin Lee, Myoung Soo Kim, Mi Lim Chung
    Creative Nursing.2025; 31(2): 190.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between a laser-lancing device and automatic incision lancet for capillary blood sampling from the heel of newborn infants: a randomized feasibility trial
    Chul Kyu Yun, Eui Kyung Choi, Hyung Jin Kim, Jaeyoung Kim, Byung Cheol Park, Kyuhee Park, Byung Min Choi
    Journal of Perinatology.2024; 44(8): 1193.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of laser and traditional lancing devices for capillary blood sampling in patients with diabetes mellitus and high bleeding risk
    Min Jeong Park, Soon Young Hwang, Ahreum Jang, Soo Yeon Jang, Eyun Song, So Young Park, Da Young Lee, Jaeyoung Kim, Byung Cheol Park, Ji Hee Yu, Ji A Seo, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo, Nan Hee Kim
    Lasers in Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review
Technology/Device
Article image
Assessment of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Human
So Young Park, Jean-François Gautier, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):641-654.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0220
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  • 125 Web of Science
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.

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  • Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Fermented Chili Pepper Alleviates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Regulating INSR, PTP1B, PPAR-γ, and AMPK Pathways
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  • 2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin and chrysopanol stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 cells
    Dahae Lee, Jaekyung Kim, Sungyoul Choi, Jinwon Choi, Jin Woo Lee, Ki Sung Kang, Sang Hee Shim
    Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2023; 83: 129186.     CrossRef
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  • Ethnic Variability in Glucose and Insulin Response to Rice Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study
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    Guillaume Treiber, Marie-Paule Gonthier, Alice Guilleux, Samir Medjane, Oriane Bonfanti, Muriel Cogne, Olivier Meilhac, Estelle Nobecourt
    Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Discriminant Model for Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Erislandis López-Galán, Rafael Barrio-Deler, Manuel Alejandro Fernández-Fernández, Yaquelin Del Toro-Delgado, Isaac Enrique Peñuela-Puente, Miguel Enrique Sánchez-Hechavarría, Mario Eugenio Muñoz-Bustos, Gustavo Alejandro Muñoz-Bustos
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  • Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate Predicts Renal Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2022; 600: 109.     CrossRef
  • Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
    Bingwei Ma, Peng Yang, Jingyang Gao, Lei Du, Chunjun Sheng, Taofeek Usman, Xingchun Wang, Shen Qu
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of Personalized Diabetes Self-care Using an Electronic Medical Record–Integrated Mobile App in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
    Eun Young Lee, Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Sun-Young Lim, Jin-Hee Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Min Kyung Hyun, Seung-Hyun Ko
    Journal of Medical Internet Research.2022; 24(7): e37430.     CrossRef
  • Acyclovir alleviates insulin resistance via activating PKM1 in diabetic mice
    Zhuozhou Hu, Jing Zhou, Liang Han, Xiangxiang Li, Chun Li, Tongyu Wu, Jingjing Liu, Wenyang Zhao, Jia Kang, Xinping Chen
    Life Sciences.2022; 304: 120725.     CrossRef
  • Identifying Glucose Metabolism Status in Nondiabetic Japanese Adults Using Machine Learning Model with Simple Questionnaire
    Tomoki Uchida, Takeshi Kanamori, Takanori Teramoto, Yuji Nonaka, Hiroki Tanaka, Satoshi Nakamura, Norihito Murayama, Rajesh Kaluri
    Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Elevated triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index predicts impaired islet β-cell function: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
    Zi Chen, Jie Wen
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Maternal Glycaemic and Insulinemic Status and Newborn DNA Methylation: Findings in Women With Overweight and Obesity
    Marion Lecorguillé, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Patrick J Twomey, Karien Viljoen, John Mehegan, Cecily C Kelleher, Matthew Suderman, Catherine M Phillips
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 108(1): 85.     CrossRef
  • Acanthosis Nigricans: Pointer of Endocrine Entities
    Andreea-Maria Radu, Mara Carsote, Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu, Florica Sandru
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  • Relationship between Insulin Resistance Risk Scales and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis Scales in 219,477 Spanish Workers
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Response
Response: Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Surrogate Marker of Early Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:285-95)
So Young Park, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):449-450.   Published online October 22, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0206
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Citations

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  • Descriptive study of possible relation between cardio-ankle vascular index and lipids in hypertension subjects
    Jinbo Liu, Huan Liu, Hongwei Zhao, Na Zhao, Hongyu Wang
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Original Articles
Clinical Diabetes and Therapeutics
Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Surrogate Marker of Early Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
So Young Park, Sang Ook Chin, Sang Youl Rhee, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong-Taek Woo, Sung Woon Kim, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(4):285-295.   Published online July 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0080
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Carotid artery intima medial thickness (IMT), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) are commonly used surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a complement to the baPWV, which is affected by blood pressure. However, it is unclear which marker is the most sensitive predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods

This was a retrospective non-interventional study that enrolled 219 patients with T2DM. The correlations among IMT, ABI, and CAVI as well as the relationship of these tests to the 10-year ASCVD risk were also analyzed.

Results

Among the 219 patients, 39 (17.8%) had ASCVD. In the non-ASCVD group, CAVI correlated significantly with IMT after adjusting for confounding variables, but ABI was not associated with CAVI or IMT. The analyses after dividing the non-ASCVD group into three subgroups according to the CAVI score (<8, ≥8 and <9, and ≥9) demonstrated the significant increase in the mean IMT, 10-year ASCVD risk and number of metabolic syndrome risk factors, and decrease in the mean ABI in the high-CAVI group. A high CAVI was an independent risk factor in the non-ASCVD group for both a high 10-year ASCVD risk (≥7.5%; odds ratio [OR], 2.42; P<0.001) and atherosclerosis (mean IMT ≥1 mm; OR, 1.53; P=0.007).

Conclusion

In Korean patients with T2DM without ASCVD, CAVI was the most sensitive of several surrogate markers for the detection of subclinical atherosclerosis.

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  • Response: Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Surrogate Marker of Early Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:285-95)
    So Young Park, Suk Chon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(5): 449.     CrossRef
  • Letter: Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Surrogate Marker of Early Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:285-95)
    Dongwon Yi
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(5): 447.     CrossRef
Complications
Glycated Albumin Is a More Useful Glycation Index than HbA1c for Reflecting Renal Tubulopathy in Subjects with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease
Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, So Young Park, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(3):215-223.   Published online May 2, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0091
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

The aim of this study was to investigate which glycemic parameters better reflect urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) abnormality, a marker for renal tubulopathy, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects with normoalbuminuria and a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods

We classified 1,061 participants with T2DM into two groups according to uNAG level—normal vs. high (>5.8 U/g creatinine)—and measured their biochemical parameters.

Results

Subjects with high uNAG level had significantly higher levels of fasting and stimulated glucose, glycated albumin (GA), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lower levels of homeostasis model assessment of β-cell compared with subjects with normal uNAG level. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that uNAG was significantly associated with GA (standardized β coefficient [β]=0.213, P=0.016), but not with HbA1c (β=−0.137, P=0.096) or stimulated glucose (β=0.095, P=0.140) after adjusting confounding factors. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the value of the area under the curve (AUC) for renal tubular injury of GA was significantly higher (AUC=0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.646 to 0.899) than those for HbA1c (AUC=0.598; 95% CI, 0.553 to 0.640), stimulated glucose (AUC=0.594; 95% CI, 0.552 to 0.636), or fasting glucose (AUC=0.558; 95% CI, 0.515 to 0.600). The optimal GA cutoff point for renal tubular damage was 17.55% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 62%).

Conclusion

GA is a more useful glycation index than HbA1c for reflecting renal tubulopathy in subjects with T2DM with normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR.

Citations

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Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Air Pollution Has a Significant Negative Impact on Intentional Efforts to Lose Weight: A Global Scale Analysis
Morena Ustulin, So Young Park, Sang Ouk Chin, Suk Chon, Jeong-taek Woo, Sang Youl Rhee
Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(4):320-329.   Published online April 24, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0104
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background

Air pollution causes many diseases and deaths. It is important to see how air pollution affects obesity, which is common worldwide. Therefore, we analyzed data from a smartphone application for intentional weight loss, and then we validated them.

Methods

Our analysis was structured in two parts. We analyzed data from a cohort registered to a smartphone application in 10 large cities of the world and matched it with the annual pollution values. We validated these results using daily pollution data in United States and matching them with user information. Body mass index (BMI) variation between final and initial login time was considered as outcome in the first part, and daily BMI in the validation. We analyzed: daily calories intake, daily weight, daily physical activity, geographical coordinates, seasons, age, gender. Weather Underground application programming interface provided daily climatic values. Annual and daily values of particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were extracted. In the first part of the analysis, we used 2,608 users and then 995 users located in United States.

Results

Air pollution was highest in Seoul and lowest in Detroit. Users decreased BMI by 2.14 kg/m2 in average (95% confidence interval, −2.26 to −2.04). From a multilevel model, PM10 (β=0.04, P=0.002) and PM2.5 (β=0.08, P<0.001) had a significant negative effect on weight loss when collected per year. The results were confirmed with the validation (βAQI*time=1.5×10–5; P<0.001) by mixed effects model.

Conclusion

This is the first study that shows how air pollution affects intentional weight loss applied on wider area of the world.

Citations

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Clinical Care/Education
Diabetes Camp as Continuing Education for Diabetes Self-Management in Middle-Aged and Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
So Young Park, Sun Young Kim, Hye Mi Lee, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jae Hyeon Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee, Kang-Hee Sim, Sang-Man Jin
Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(2):99-112.   Published online March 3, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.2.99
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Despite the established benefits of diabetes camps for the continuing education of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, little is known about the long-term metabolic benefits of diabetes camps for middle-aged and elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability.

Methods

The 1-year mean and variability of HbA1c before and after the diabetes camp was compared between the participants of the diabetes camp (n=57; median age 65 years [range, 50 to 86 years]; median diabetes duration 14 years [range, 1 to 48 years]). Additional case-control analysis compared the metabolic outcomes of the participants of the diabetes camp and their propensity score-matched controls who underwent conventional diabetes education (n=93).

Results

The levels of HbA1c during the first year after the diabetes camp were comparable to those of the matched controls (P=0.341). In an analysis of all participants of the diabetes camp, the 1-year mean±standard deviation (SD) of HbA1c decreased (P=0.010 and P=0.041) after the diabetes camp, whereas the adjusted SD and coefficient of variance (CV) of HbA1c did not decrease. The adjusted SD and CV significantly decreased after the diabetes camp in participants whose 1-year mean HbA1c was ≥6.5% before the diabetes camp (n=40) and those with a duration of diabetes less than 15 years (n=32).

Conclusion

The 1-year mean and SD of HbA1c decreased after the diabetes camp, with significant reduction in the adjusted SD and CV in those with higher baseline HbA1c and a shorter duration of diabetes.

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Response
Response: Effects of Rebamipide on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:240-7)
Sejeong Park, So Young Park, Sang Youl Rhee
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(4):336-337.   Published online August 18, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.4.336
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PDFPubReader   ePub   
Original Article
Others
Effects of Rebamipide on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sejeong Park, So Young Park, Yu Jin Kim, Soo Min Hong, Suk Chon, Seungjoon Oh, Jeong-taek Woo, Sung-Woon Kim, Young Seol Kim, Sang Youl Rhee
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):240-247.   Published online April 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.240
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rebamipide is an effective gastric cytoprotective agent, but there are few data on its usefulness in T2DM. The aim of this study is to evaluate the improvement of GI symptoms after rebamipide treatment in patients with T2DM.

Methods

Patients with T2DM and atypical GI symptoms were enrolled. They took rebamipide (100 mg thrice daily) for 12 weeks and filled out the diabetes bowel symptom questionnaire (DBSQ) before and after rebamipide treatment. The DBSQ consisted of 10 questions assessing the severity of GI symptoms by a 1 to 6 scoring system. Changes in the DBSQ scores before and after rebamipide treatment were analyzed to evaluate any improvements of GI symptoms.

Results

A total of 107 patients were enrolled, and 84 patients completed the study. The mean age was 65.0±7.8, 26 patients were male (24.8%), the mean duration of T2DM was 14.71±9.12 years, and the mean glycosylated hemoglobin level was 6.97%±0.82%. The total DBSQ score was reduced significantly from 24.9±8.0 to 20.4±7.3 before and after rebamipide treatment (P<0.001). The DBSQ scores associated with reflux symptoms, indigestion, nausea or vomiting, abdominal bloating or distension, peptic ulcer, abdominal pain, and constipation were improved after rebamipide treatment (P<0.05). However, there were no significant changes in symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, and anal incontinence. No severe adverse events were reported throughout the study.

Conclusion

Rebamipide treatment for 12 weeks improved atypical GI symptoms in patients with T2DM.

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  • Letter: Effects of Rebamipide on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J2016;40:240-7)
    Jin Hwa Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(4): 334.     CrossRef
  • Response: Effects of Rebamipide on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:240-7)
    Sejeong Park, So Young Park, Sang Youl Rhee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(4): 336.     CrossRef

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