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Original Article
Clinical Diabetes & Therapeutics
Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Tae Jung Oh, Jae Myung Yu, Kyung Wan Min, Hyun Shik Son, Moon Kyu Lee, Kun Ho Yoon, Young Duk Song, Joong Yeol Park, In Kyung Jeong, Bong Soo Cha, Yong Seong Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, In Joo Kim, Doo Man Kim, Sung Rae Kim, Kwan Woo Lee, Jeong Hyung Park, In Kyu Lee, Tae Sun Park, Sung Hee Choi, Sung Woo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(3):276-286.   Published online December 7, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0051
  • 7,917 View
  • 110 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Combination of metformin to reduce the fasting plasma glucose level and an α-glucosidase inhibitor to decrease the postprandial glucose level is expected to generate a complementary effect. We compared the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of voglibose plus metformin (vogmet) with metformin monotherapy in drug-naïve newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A total of 187 eligible patients aged 20 to 70 years, with a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7.0% to 11.0%, were randomized into either vogmet or metformin treatments for 24 weeks. A change in the HbA1c level from baseline was measured at week 24.

Results

The reduction in the levels of HbA1c was −1.62%±0.07% in the vogmet group and −1.31%±0.07% in the metformin group (P=0.003), and significantly more vogmet-treated patients achieved the target HbA1c levels of <6.5% (P=0.002) or <7% (P=0.039). Glycemic variability was also significantly improved with vogmet treatment, estimated by M-values (P=0.004). Gastrointestinal adverse events and hypoglycemia (%) were numerically lower in the vogmet-treated group. Moreover, a significant weight loss was observed with vogmet treatment compared with metformin (−1.63 kg vs. −0.86 kg, P=0.039).

Conclusion

Vogmet is a safe antihyperglycemic agent that controls blood glucose level effectively, yields weight loss, and is superior to metformin in terms of various key glycemic parameters without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.

Citations

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  • Phytochemical analysis and antihyperglycemic activity of Castilleja arvensis
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    Y. Shin, T.J. Oh, S.H. Choi, H.C. Jang
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2021; 47(1): 101115.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
    Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Jeong Mi Kim, Min Hee Jang, Kyung Ae Lee, Ju Hyung Lee, Seung Min Chung, Young Sang Lyu, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Sung Woo Kim, Eonju Jeon, Nan Hee Cho, Mi-Kyung Ki
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(5): 675.     CrossRef
  • Quantifying Remission Probability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    Sanjay Kalra, Ganapathi Bantwal, Nitin Kapoor, Rakesh Sahay, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Beatrice Anne, Raju A Gopal, Sunil Kota, Ashok Kumar, Ameya Joshi, Debmalya Sanyal, Mangesh Tiwaskar, Ashok Kumar Das
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  • The effect of voglibose on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
    Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, Reza Tabrizi, Shahla Rezaei, Fatemeh Jafari, Kamran Hessami, Mehdi Abedi, Mohammad Jalali, Pedram Keshavarzi, Saeed Shahabi, Ali Asghar Kolahi, Kristin Carson-Chahhoud, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Saeid Safiri
    Pharmacological Research.2020; 159: 104988.     CrossRef
  • Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Voglibose In Vitro and In Vivo
    Mahesh Raj Nepal, Mi Jeong Kang, Geon Ho Kim, Dong Ho Cha, Ju-Hyun Kim, Tae Cheon Jeong
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(6): 908.     CrossRef
  • Response: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Diabetes metab J 2019;43;276-86)
    Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 547.     CrossRef
  • Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Diabetes Metab J 2019;43;276-86)
    Hannah Seok, Tae Seo Sohn
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(4): 545.     CrossRef
Erratum
Erratum: Corrected Sentence. The Appropriateness of the Length of Insulin Needles Based on Determination of Skin and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in the Abdomen and Upper Arm in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Kang Hee Sim, Moon Sook Hwang, Sun Young Kim, Hye Mi Lee, Ji Yeun Chang, Moon Kyu Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):244-244.   Published online June 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.244
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PDFPubReader   
Original Articles
The Appropriateness of the Length of Insulin Needles Based on Determination of Skin and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in the Abdomen and Upper Arm in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Kang Hee Sim, Moon Sook Hwang, Sun Young Kim, Hye Mi Lee, Ji Yeun Chang, Moon Kyu Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):120-133.   Published online April 18, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.120
  • 5,986 View
  • 131 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Longer needle and complicated insulin injection technique such as injecting at a 45-degree angle and making skinfolds may decrease patient compliance to insulin injection therapy. In this light, shorter insulin needles have been recently developed. However, it is necessary to ascertain that such shorter needles are appropriate for Korean patients with diabetes as well.

Methods

First, the diverse demographic and diabetic features of 156 Korean adults with diabetes were collected by a questionnaire and a device unit of body fat measurement. The skin and subcutaneous fat thicknesses of each subject were measured by Ultrasound device with a 7- to 12-MHz probe. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and multiple linear regression.

Results

The mean skin thickness was 2.29±0.37 mm in the abdomen and 2.00±0.34 mm in the upper arms, and the mean subcutaneous fat thickness was to 10.15±6.54 mm in the abdomen and 5.50±2.68 mm in the upper arms. Our analysis showed that the factors affecting the skin thickness of the abdomen and upper arms were gender and body mass index (BMI), whereas the factors influencing the subcutaneous fat thickness in the abdomen were gender and BMI, and the factors influencing the subcutaneous fat thickness in the upper arms were gender, BMI, and age. Insulin fluids may not appear to be intradermally injected into the abdomen and upper arms at any needle lengths. The risk of intramuscular injection is likely to increase with longer insulin needles and lower BMI.

Conclusion

It is recommended to fully inform the patients about the lengths of needles for insulin injections. As for the recommended needle length, the findings of this study indicate that needles as short as 4 mm are sufficient to deliver insulin for Korean patients with diabetes.

Citations

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Education as Prescription for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Compliance and Efficacy in Clinical Practice
Mi Yeon Kim, Sunghwan Suh, Sang-Man Jin, Se Won Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Kyu Yeon Hur, Sung Hye Kim, Mi Yong Rha, Young Yun Cho, Myung-Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang-Won Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(6):452-459.   Published online December 12, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.6.452
  • 4,934 View
  • 34 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Diabetes self-management education has an important role in diabetes management. The efficacy of education has been proven in several randomized trials. However, the status of diabetes education programs in real Korean clinical practice has not yet been evaluated in terms of patient compliance with the education prescription.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data from all patients who were ordered to undergo diabetes education during 2009 at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (n=2,291). After excluding ineligible subjects, 588 patients were included in the analysis.

Results

Among the 588 patients, 433 received education. The overall compliance rate was 73.6%, which was significantly higher in the subjects with a short duration or living in a rural area compared to those with a long duration (85.0% vs. 65.1%, respectively; P<0.001) or living in an urban area (78.2% vs. 70.4%, respectively; P=0.037). The hemoglobin A1c decreased greater in the compliant group (from 7.84±1.54 at baseline to 6.79±1.06 at 3 months and 6.97±1.20 at 12 months after prescription in the compliant group vs. from 7.74±1.25 to 7.14±1.02 and 7.24±1.24 in the non-compliant group; P=0.001). The decrease in hemoglobin A1c was greater in the subjects with a short duration (P=0.032).

Conclusion

In our study a large percent of patients refuse to get education despite having a prescription from their physician. This refusal rate was higher in the patients with long-standing diabetes or in urban residence. Furthermore, education was more effective in patients with a short duration of diabetes in clinical practice.

Citations

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Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Goal Attainment Rate and Physician Perceptions about Target Goal Achievement in Korean Patients with Diabetes
Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee, Cheol Young Park, Sung Rae Kim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moon Kyu Lee, Sung Woo Park, Joong-Yeol Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(6):628-636.   Published online December 26, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.628
  • 4,716 View
  • 43 Download
  • 20 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

This study aims to investigate the discrepancy between clinicians' perceptions and actual achievement rates of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Korean patients with diabetes according to updated American Diabetes Association (ADA)/American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACC) recommendations.

Methods

This is a multi-center, retrospective, non-interventional, observational study. Diabetic patients aged 18 years or older were eligible if they had been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia or were receiving a lipid-lowering therapy between May 2010 and August 2010. The information was obtained by reviewing medical records and using a self-completed questionnaire to examine physician perceptions.

Results

A total of 2,591 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Highest-risk and high-risk patients accounted for 61.9% and 38.1% of the patients, respectively. Although most (96.3%) underwent a statin monotherapy or a statin-based combination therapy, just 47.4% of patients attained the LDL-C target. However, the physicians' perceptions on target achievement rate (70.6%) were different from the actual results (47.4%). Many patients (65.3%) remained on the starting doses of statins, despite evidence of poor achievement of lipid goals.

Conclusion

Only less than half of patients with diabetes attained the LDL-C goal. The surveys showed that poor physician performance might be due to the lack of recognition on ADA/ACC consensus causing a low LDL-C target attainment rate. Therefore, changes in doctor perception are needed to attain target LDL-C level and reduce cardiovascular risk in Korean patients with diabetes.

Citations

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    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2019; 29(7): 701.     CrossRef
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    Shuiping Zhao, Daoquan Peng
    Current Medical Research and Opinion.2018; 34(2): 227.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Global Health.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in the management levels of metabolic risk factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2014
    Sukyung Cho, Haeun Jang, Kyong Park, Stefan Kiechl
    PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0189361.     CrossRef
  • Increased postprandial apolipoprotein B-48 level after a test meal in diabetic patients: A multicenter, cross-sectional study
    Cheol-Young Park, Joong-Yeol Park, Jongwon Choi, Dae Jung Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moon-Kyu Lee, Sung-Woo Park
    Metabolism.2016; 65(6): 843.     CrossRef
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    Shlomo Vinker, Haim Bitterman, Doron Comaneshter, Arnon D Cohen
    Israel Journal of Health Policy Research.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shuiping Zhao, Yongjun Wang, Yiming Mu, Bilian Yu, Ping Ye, Xiaowei Yan, Zhanquan Li, Yidong Wei, Baishaili M. Ambegaonakr, Dayi Hu
    Atherosclerosis.2014; 235(2): 463.     CrossRef
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    Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Periklis Davlouros, Simos Siahos, Angelos Perperis, Evangelia Zaharioglou, Dimitrios Alexopoulos
    Lipids in Health and Disease.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Statin Prescription Adhered to Guidelines for Patients Hospitalized due to Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
    Keun-Sik Hong, Mi Sun Oh, Hye-Yeon Choi, A-Hyun Cho, Hyung-Min Kwon, Kyung-Ho Yu, Hee-Joon Bae, Juneyoung Lee, Byung-Chul Lee
    Journal of Clinical Neurology.2013; 9(4): 214.     CrossRef
  • LDL-cholesterol target values and actual values in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic monotherapy: The lipid results of the French ESCALADE survey
    Alfred Penfornis, Alain Baleydier, Thierry Clavel, Sylvie Picard
    Annales d'Endocrinologie.2012; 73(6): 503.     CrossRef
  • Clinical evaluation of the use of statins in diabetic dyslipidemia
    김나영, 류재곤, 정효근, 백소영, 남상민
    Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists.2012; 29(3): 288.     CrossRef
Management of Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Survey in Korean
Mi Hae Seo, Woo Je Lee, Cheol Young Park, Sung Rae Kim, Joong Yeol Park, Kun-Ho Yoon, Moon Kyu Lee, Sung Woo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):348-353.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.348
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Hypertension is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, affecting up to 60% of patients. The Korean Diabetes Association performed a nationwide survey about prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among diabetic Koreans.

Methods

The current survey included 3,859 diabetic patients recruited from 43 hospitals in Korea. Age, gender, height, weight and blood pressure (BP) were measured by standard methods. Data on fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), awareness of hypertension, and compliance of antihypertensive medication were collected via interview and reviewed using patient medical records.

Results

A total of 57.5% of all patients were >60 years old. Their mean HbA1c was 7.6±1.5%. Among antihypertensive medication users, 39.9% had <130 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg, whereas 60.1% had ≥130 mm Hg or ≥80 mm Hg. The answer "BP is under good control" was given by 75.1% of the antihypertensive medication users. Out of these patients, 26.4% had <130 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg, whereas 73.6% had ≥130 mm Hg or ≥80 mm Hg. A total of 75.5% of antihypertensive medication users answered that they had taken their antihypertensive medication every day for the past 2 weeks. "Forgetfulness" was most frequently the reason of non-compliance for patients that did not take their antihypertensive medication regularly.

Conclusion

Approximately one third of the patients with diabetes were found to reach target blood pressure control in the 43 hospitals across Korea. Stricter control is needed to reduce severe complications of diabetes in Korea.

Citations

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  • Value of ambulatory blood pressure measurement in diagnosing hypotension in hypertensive diabetic patients with medication-controlled BP
    Kamal Alghalayini
    JRSM Cardiovascular Disease.2020; 9: 204800402093088.     CrossRef
  • Association between blood pressure and target organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension: results of the APrODiTe study
    Ran-hui Cha, Sejoong Kim, Sun Ae Yoon, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Ji Eun Oh, Sang-Youb Han, Eun Young Lee, Dong Ki Kim, Yon Su Kim
    Hypertension Research.2014; 37(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • Blood Pressure Control According to the Prevalence of Diabetes in Renal Transplant Recipients
    E. Zbroch, J. Malyszko, I. Glowinska, D. Maciorkowska, G. Kobus, M. Mysliwiec
    Transplantation Proceedings.2013; 45(1): 200.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adults with diagnosed diabetes: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV)
    H-S Lee, S-S Lee, I-Y Hwang, Y-J Park, S-H Yoon, K Han, J-W Son, S-H Ko, Y G Park, H W Yim, W-C Lee, Y-M Park
    Journal of Human Hypertension.2013; 27(6): 381.     CrossRef
  • Multi-Institutional Analysis of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma that Demonstrates the Impact of Diabetic Status on Prognosis After Nephrectomy
    Yun-Sok Ha, Won Tae Kim, Seok-Joong Yun, Sang-Cheol Lee, Wun-Jae Kim, Yong Hyun Park, Seok Ho Kang, Sung-Hoo Hong, Seok-Soo Byun, Yong-June Kim
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Direct Medical Costs of Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Tertiary Hospital.
Joo An Hwang, Tae Chin Park, Sun Hye Jung, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, So Hun Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Tae Hyun Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwan Woo Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):259-268.   Published online June 1, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.259
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common, chronic and costly disease. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Diabetes has big economic burden mainly because of its chronic complications. We analyzed the annual direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients, including the costs associated with its complications in Korea retrospectively. METHODS: We enrolled 531 type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated in the 3 Tertiary Hospital in 2005. Clinical characteristics, duration of diabetes, modality of glycemic control, and presence of microvascular and macrovascular complications were assessed by the review of medical records. The annual direct medical costs were assessed using the hospital electronic database and included insurance covered and uncovered medical costs. RESULTS: The annual direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients without any complications was 1,184,563 won (95% CI for mean: 973,006~1,396,121 won). Compared to diabetic patients without complications, annual total medical costs increased 4.7-fold, 10.7-fold, and 8.8-fold in patients with microvascular complications, macrovascular complications and both complications, respectively. Hospitalization costs largely increased by 78.7-fold and 61.0-fold in patients with macrovascular complications and both complications, respectively. Major complications to increase medical costs were kidney transplantation (23.1-fold), dialysis (21.0-fold), PTCA or CABG (12.4-fold), and leg amputation (11.8-fold). The total medical costs dramatically increased according to the stage of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. CONCLUSION: Diabetic complications have a substantial impact on the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetic patients. The prevention of diabetic complications will benefit the patients as well as the overall healthcare expenditures.

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  • Policy Proposals for Infection Control in Patients with Chronic Wounds
    Kyung-Chul Moon, Donghyeok Shin, Kyu-Won Baek, Changsik John Pak, Young-Joon Jun
    Journal of Wound Management and Research.2022; 18(3): 249.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Co‐administration of Sulfonylureas and Antimicrobial Drugs on Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using a Case‐Crossover Design
    Sera Lee, Miyoung Ock, Hun‐Sung Kim, Hyunah Kim
    Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy.2020; 40(9): 902.     CrossRef
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    Yun Jung Jang, Yoon Soo Choy, Chung Mo Nam, Ki Tae Moon, Eun-Cheol Park
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    Jea Yeon Lee
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(2): 117.     CrossRef
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    Yong-ho Lee, Gyuri Kim, Eun Seok Kang
    The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Outcome Research in Diabetes
    Kwan Woo Lee
    Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(1): 2.     CrossRef
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    Kwan Woo Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(6): 567.     CrossRef
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    Kyung Sik Park
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Effects of Islet Transplantation on Endogenous beta-cell Regeneration after Partial Pancreatectomy in Rodents.
Hye Seung Jung, You Ran Ahn, Seung Hoon Oh, Jung Hwa Jung, Tae Hyun Kim, You Cheol Hwang, Mira Kang, Yongsuk Bae, Young seok Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):113-122.   Published online March 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.113
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Islet transplantation is one of regimens supplying the deficient insulin in diabetes patients, but the effects of islet grafts on the changes of endogenous beta-cells are not clear. In the present study, we examined the changes of endogenous beta-cell mass after islet transplantation in partially pancreatectomized mice. METHODS: Balb/c mice were 70% pancreatectomized, transplanted with syngeneic islets (group IV), and were compared with pancreatectomized mice treated with insulin (group III) or no insulin (group II). Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored. Remnant pancreas was obtained at 6 or 10 days after pancreatectomy, and immunohistochemical staining was done for the evaluation of beta-cell mass changes. RESULTS: Hyperglycemia and weight loss were induced after pancreatectomy. After islet transplantation or insulin treatment, blood glucose levels recovered to normal, and body weight started to increase. Plasma insulin levels were higher and beta-cell mass was larger in group IV than in group II (P < 0.05). Especially, the difference of beta-cell mass between them was more evident at 7 days as compared to at 3 day after transplantation. When compared to group III, group IV showed larger individual beta-cell area after 7 days and larger beta-cell mass after 3 days of islet transplantation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These observations indicate that islet transplantation plays a role in enhancing remnant beta-cell regeneration after partial pancreatectomy in rodents.
Activin A and Glucose Derived Human Pancreatic Ductal Cells into Insulin-producing Cells.
Seung Hyun Hong, Chul Han, Hyo Sup Kim, Mi Kyung Park, Young Jin Lee, Jae Hoon Jeong, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Moon Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(1):44-50.   Published online January 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.1.44
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Cellular replacement therapy holds promise for the treatment of diabetes mellitus but donor tissue is severely limited. Human postnatal pancreatic ductal cells are a potential source of new beta cells. Therefore, we investigated the potential of human pancreatic ductal cells could be differentiated into endocrine cells that would be capable of secreting insulin in response to glucose. METHODS: Cell fractions enriched with pancreatic ductal cells after human islet isolation were treated with streptozotocin to remove residual beta cells, grown in monolayer culture, changed the media for differentiation in the presence of activin A and glucose, supplemented with 10% FCS. The differentiation markers, insulin secretion and cell proliferation were examined. RESULT: No insulin was detectable in cell preparations after 5 days of treatment with streptozotocin. In monolayer culture, 80% of the streptozotocin-treated pancreatic ductal cells expressed cytokeratin-19. Cell cultures with a high proportion of cytokeratin-19 cells had greater plasticity for differentiation into cells with phenotypic and functional markers of beta cells. This property were significantly enhanced by treatment of activin A and glucose. The differentiated human pancreatic ductal cells secreted insulin sensitively responded with high glucose. CONCLUSION: Human pancreatic ductal cells are a potential source of new glucose -induced insulin producing cells that may be developed further for clinical use. Therefore, the present data support a possible role for human adult pancreatic ductal cells, following expansion and differentiation, as a source of insulin by transplantation cells to type I diabetes patients.
Thiazolidinediones on Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion in Obese Diabetic OLETF Rats.
Jung hyun Noh, Seung hyun Hong, Kyoung hee Lee, Kyoung Min Min, Tae young Yang, Myung shik Lee, Kwang won Kim, Moon kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(1):33-43.   Published online January 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.1.33
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Thiazolidinediones are synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists that decrease insulin resistance but, as in vitro and in vivo studies suggest, may have direct beneficial effects on pancreatic beta cells. Here, we investigated the effects of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on the insulin resistance, beta-cell mass and insulin secretion in obese diabetic OLETF rats. METHODS: We studied insulin resistance (by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) and insulin secretion (by hyperglycemic clamp) in TZDs administered OLETF and LETO rats. Histologic alterations of the islets were observed and beta-cell mass was also measured by point counting method. RESULTS: Chronic administration of troglitazone (TGZ, 0.15%) or pioglitazone (PGZ, 0.02%) prevented the development of glucose intolerance in OLETF rats, as assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. There was significant difference in submaximal glucose infusion rate between TGZ-treated and untreated OLETF rats during euglycemic clamp studies at 24 weeks of age. At 16 and 24 weeks of ages, beta-cell mass significantly increased in TGZ-treated OLETF rats compared to untreated animals. At 19 weeks and 30 weeks of age, first-phase insulin secretion was not different in PGZ-treated OLETF rats from untreated OLETF rats during hyperglycemic clamp study. At 30 weeks of age, late-phase insulin secretion was decreased in PGZ-treated OLETF rats compared to untreated OLETF rats. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker of activated pancreatic stellate cells that are involved in the fibrosis of the pancreas, in the islets was suppressed by TGZ treatment at 24 weeks of age. CONCLUSION: The treatment of TGZ prevented the development of diabetes, and increased insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell mass in OLETF rats. These results might be related with the suppression of pancreatic stellate cells. Insulin secretion was not affected by PGZ treatment.
Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial about the Effect of Cilazapril on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Hypertension.
Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyoung Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Min Ho Shong, Chung Gu Cho, Byoung Hyun Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Seol Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):450-458.   Published online November 1, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.450
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) improves the vascular endothelial cell function and has a better clinical outcome by decreasing the LDL cholesterol oxidation, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and improving the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlations between the ACEi and the serum markers for the vascular endothelial function in previous studies were not consistent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between July 2003 and April 2005, 104 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, who had been admitted to 9 major university hospitals in Korea, were examined. The subjects were randomly allocated to the cilazapril (2.5~5 mg/day) and atenolol (50~100 mg/day) treatment group and given a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The lipid profile and the markers for endothelial function, such as vWF, VCAM, E-selectin, tPA, fibrinogen, adiponectin, hsCRP, nitrotyrosine were evaluated and the differences in the variables were compared with those obtained 6 months later. RESULTS: A total 56 subjects completed the 6-months follow up period. Regarding the baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in the variables observed in the two groups except for HbA1c (P = 0.037), vWF (P = 0.048), and hsCRP (P = 0.038). After 6 months, both groups showed a significant and identical decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the baseline (P < 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the endothelial markers between each group. On the other hand, there was some deterioration in the triglyceride (P = 0.009) and HbA1c (P = 0.017) levels in the atenolol treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the endothelial function markers observed between the cilazapril and atenolol groups. However, cilazapril had an identical effect on the blood pressure reduction compared with atenolol but had fewer adverse effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism.

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  • Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise
    Annabella Braschi
    American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2019; 19(2): 133.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Efficacy Evaluation of Atorvastatin in Korean Hyperlipidemic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Dong Seop Choi, Duk Kyu Kim, Doo Man Kim, Seong Yeon Kim, Moon Suk Nam, Yong Soo Park, Ho Sang Shon, Chul Woo Ahn, Kwan Woo Lee, Ki Up Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Bong Yeon Cha
Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(4):292-302.   Published online July 1, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.4.292
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
NCEP ATP III Guideline recommends aggressive treatments of diabetic dyslipidemia, recognizing diabetes mellitus as CHD risk equivalents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of atorvastatin in hyperlipidemic patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus through post-marketing drug use investigation of atorvastatin. METHODS: An open, multi-center, non-comparison, titrated dosage study was conducted in hyperlipidemic patients, who were treated with atorvastatin at first visiting hospitals from Mar. 2004 to Sep. 2004. 96 endocrinologists participated from 66 centers in this study. Total 2,182 hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled and 1,514 patients among them were accompanied by diabetes mellitus. Efficacy was evaluated at later than 4-week treatment by % change of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol from baseline. Percent of patients reaching LDL-cholesterol level less than 100 mg/dL was also analyzed. The adverse events incidence and abnormalities of clinical laboratory values were evaluated for safety monitoring. RESULTS: Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol level were reduced by 26.6%, 12.0%, and 34.8%, respectively, in diabetic hyperlipidemic patients after atorvastatin treatment. The patients with LDL-cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL were increased from 2.8% to 52.6%. Atorvastatin was considered to be safe because adverse drug reactions were reported in 32 patients (1.5%) of total 2,182 patients. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin was effective and safe in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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  • Response: A Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Ten-Milligram Dosage of Atorvastatin for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (Korean Diabetes J 2010;34:359-67)
    Dong Kyun Kim, Sa Rah Lee, Min Sik Kim, Suk Hyang Bae, Jin Yeon Hwang, Jung-Min Kim, Sung Hwan Suh, Hye-Jeong Lee, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(1): 88.     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Ten-Milligram Dosage of Atorvastatin for Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
    Dong Kyun Kim, Sa Rah Lee, Min Sik Kim, Suk Hyang Bae, Jin Yeon Hwang, Jung-Min Kim, Sung Hwan Suh, Hye-Jeong Lee, Mi Kyoung Park, Duk Kyu Kim
    Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(6): 359.     CrossRef
  • The Association of Plasma HDL-Cholesterol Level with Cardiovascular Disease Related Factors in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Hye Sook Hong, Jong Suk Park, Han Kyoung Ryu, Wha Young Kim
    Korean Diabetes Journal.2008; 32(3): 215.     CrossRef
Effective Glycemic Control Achieved by the Transplantation of VEGF-Transfected Islets in STZ-induced Diabetic Mice.
Byung Wan Lee, Hee Young Chae, You Ran Ahn, Seung Hoon Oh, Ji Youn Kim, Yun Jae Chung, Sang Young Kim, Kyun Yung Cho, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(4):282-294.   Published online July 1, 2005
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Hypoxic damage is one of the major causes of early islet graft failure, and VEGF is known to play a crucial role in revascularization. We tried to evaluate whether the VEGF transgene in an islet graft can increase islet revascularization and; therefore, increase the survival rate of transplanted islets in order to achieve effective glycemic control in diabetic mice models using a non-viral cationic lipid reagent for gene delivery into non- dividing islet cells. METHODS: Human VEGF165 cDNA was transfected into Balb/c mice islets using Effectene, and the vascular neogenesis and glucose levels examined in the recipient syngeneic Balb/c mice. A minimal number of VEGF-transfected islets(100 IEQ/animal) were transplanted into STZ-induced diabetic mice. The recipient mice were classified into three groups: islet transplantation(IT) without intervention(IT-alone group, n=8), IT with an islets transduced rhoJDK-control vector(IT-rhoJDK group, n=8), and IT with an islets transduced rhoJDK-VEGF vector(IT-rhoJDK-VEGF group, n=8). RESULTS: The transfection efficiency was highest with 4microgram/microliter cDNA and 25microliter Effectene(1: 6 weight ratio), with satisfactory cell viability under these conditions. The overproductions of VEGF mRNA and proteins from the conditioned cells were confirmed. A minimal number of the VEGF-transfected islets(100 IEQ/animal) were transplanted into STZ-induced diabetic mice. The control of hyperglycemia in the IT-alone(0/8) and IT-rhoJDK groups(0/8) failed. However, complete abrogation of hyperglycemia and viable islets, and an increased vascularization of the VEGF-transfected grafts were identified in the renal capsules of the IT-rhoJDK-VEGF group(8/8). CONCLUSION: These studies support the utility of VEGF-transfected islet delivery using a cationic lipid reagent to achieve euglycemia with minimal islets via neovascularization.
Induction of Tolerance to Complete Histocompatibility Mismatched Mice Islets through the Co-transplantation of Bone Marrow Cells in a Minimal Nonmyeloablative Condition.
Ji In Lee, Seung Hoon Oh, You Ran Ahn, Hee Young Chae, Byung Wan Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Moon Kyu Lee, Kwang Won Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(2):103-111.   Published online March 1, 2005
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Islet transplantation(IT) is a therapeutic approach that is used to prevent the dreaded diabetes complications that occur in those patients having an insulin deficient state. However, the requirement of undergoing a lifelong immunosuppressive regimen, along with the related side effects, to prevent rejection of the graft restricts this from being the preferred treatment for type 1 diabetes. One of the strategies to overcome these limitations is to induce tolerance induction and graft acceptance through the process of hematopoietic chimerism. In this study we investigated whether tolerance to MHC-disparate and minor-disparate islet allografts could be induced by the simultaneous transplantation of islets and bone marrow cells(BMCs) under a minimal nonmyeloablative conditioning state. METHODS: The donor and recipient mice are BALB/c(H-2b) and C57BL/6(H-2d) mice, respectively. The streptozotocin induced diabetic C57BL/6(H-2d) mice received only 500 islets from the BALB/c(H-2b) mice in group 1. The group 2 recipients were conditioned with anti- lymphocyte serum(ALS), and 100cGy total body irradiation(TBI), and they were given islet cells of the BALB/c(H-2b) mice, but the group 3 mice were simultaneously given 30x106 BALB/c(H-2b) mice BMCs and islet cells in same condition as group 2. The chimerism of donor derived cells was analyzed by flow cytometry(FACS). Daily monitoring of blood glucose and immunohistochemical staining of the transplanted islets were used to assess the islet graft rejection and the islets' function. RESULTS: We obtained 5~6% allogeneic donor chimerism and 60% of the grafts survived at 80 days after islet transplantation, Additionally, we found infiltration of lymphocytes around the islet without destruction of the endocrine cells, and the presence of vivid insulin/ glucagon stained-cells was detected in group 3. CONCLUSION: This minimal nonmyeloablative conditioning therapy induced the donor's chimerism and immune tolerance between the MHC- and minor-disparate(BALB/c-->C57BL/6) mice. Long-term islet graft survival was obtained through the co-transplantation of BMCs in the mouse model
Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic Syndrome.
Mira Kang, Ji Dong Sung, Byung Chul Yoo, Yoon Ho Choi, Sae Young Jae, Jae Hoon Chung, Yong Ki Min, Myung Shik Lee, Kwang Won Kim, Moon Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(1):65-71.   Published online January 1, 2005
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
A number of studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome. However, whether the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is dependent on the number of metabolic components or on particular metabolic component remains to be assessed. METHODS: A total of 1,432 Korean subjects were studied. Each individual was assessed for the presence of metabolic syndrome using the modified NCEP-ATP III criteria. All subjects underwent a graded symptom-limited maximal exercise test to determine their VO2max, using a treadmill according to the Bruce protocol. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in all subjects was 20.4%. The odds ratios for metabolic syndrome were higher in men, the elderly, the obese and those with a lower VO2max. The difference in the VO2max was dependent only on the presence of metabolic syndrome, not on the number of components. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the VO2max according to the presence of particular metabolic components. These results suggest that the VO2max reflects the metabolic syndrome state, rather than the metabolic components, and might be a factor in determining metabolic syndrome

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