Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

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Alpha-Tocopherol-Loaded Liposomes Reduce High Glucose Induced Oxidative Stress in Schwann Cells: A Proof of Concept Study: Jee-In Heo, Mi Jeong Kim, Daehyun Kim, Jimin Seo, Joon Ho Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Jong Lee, Tae Jung Oh; Diabetes Metab J. 2025;49(3):507-512. Published online February 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0489

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Although oxidative stress is the main pathophysiology of the development of diabetic neuropathy, oral administration of antioxidants has given disappointing results. Here, we hypothesized that local delivery of antioxidants would provide protective effects on Schwann cells due to the high concentration of local lesions. We prepared alpha-tocopherol (ATF)-loaded liposomes and tested their skin penetration after sonication. An in vitro study using IMS-32 cells was conducted to determine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effects of ATF-liposomes. ATF reduced ROS in high-glucose-exposed IMS-32 cells in a dosedependent manner. ATF-liposomes also reduced the ROS level in vitro and ultrasound irradiation enhanced delivery to the dermis in porcine ear skin. This study showed that it is feasible to deliver ATF through the skin and can effectively reduce ROS. This model is worthy of development for clinical use.

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