Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

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Serum Magnesium Levels Are Negatively Associated with Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study: Man-Rong Xu, Ai-Ping Wang, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Li Shen, Lian-Xi Li; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(6):1147-1159. Published online May 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0401

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Background
There remains controversy over the relationship between serum magnesium levels and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether there is any association of serum magnesium levels with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM.
Methods
This cross-sectional, real-world study was conducted in 8,010 patients with T2DM, which were stratified into quintiles according to serum magnesium levels. The clinical characteristics and the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity were compared across serum magnesium quintiles in T2DM. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship of serum magnesium with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM (clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800015893).
Results
After adjustment for age, sex, and duration of diabetes, the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was significantly declined across magnesium quintiles (obesity: 51.3%, 50.8%, 48.9%, 45.3%, and 43.8%, respectively, P<0.001 for trend; abdominal obesity: 71.5%, 70.5%, 68.2%, 66.4%, and 64.5%, respectively, P=0.001 for trend). After controlling for confounders, there were clearly negative associations of serum magnesium levels and quintiles with obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM. Moreover, C-reactive protein partly mediates the effect of serum magnesium on obesity and abdominal obesity (P=0.016 and P=0.004, respectively).
Conclusion
The significantly negative relationship between serum magnesium and the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity was observed in T2DM. Furthermore, the independently negative association of serum magnesium with obesity may be explained by its anti-inflammatory functions. Serum magnesium levels may be applied to assess the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity in T2DM.

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Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases
Ghizal Fatima, Andrej Dzupina, Hekmat B Alhmadi, Aminat Magomedova, Zainab Siddiqui, Ammar Mehdi, Najah Hadi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Serum Retinol-Binding Protein Levels Are Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study: Zhi-Hui Zhang, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Xi Lu, Yun Liu, Ai-Ping Wang, Lian-Xi Li; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):129-139. Published online August 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0222

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Background
The association of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. Furthermore, few studies have investigated their relationship in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the association between serum RBP levels and NAFLD in Chinese inpatients with T2DM.
Methods
This cross-sectional, real-world study included 2,263 Chinese T2DM inpatients. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. The subjects were divided into four groups based on RBP quartiles, and clinical characteristics were compared among the four groups. The associations of both RBP levels and quartiles with the presence of NAFLD were also analyzed.
Results
After adjustment for sex, age, and diabetes duration, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of NAFLD from the lowest to the highest RBP quartiles (30.4%, 40.0%, 42.4%, and 44.7% for the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively, P<0.001 for trend). Fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that both increased RBP levels (odds ratio, 1.155; 95% confidence interval, 1.012 to 1.318; P=0.033) and quartiles (P=0.014 for trend) were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in T2DM patients.
Conclusion
Increased serum RBP levels were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in Chinese T2DM inpatients. Serum RBP levels may be used as one of the indicators to assess the risk of NAFLD in T2DM patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver acinus biomimetic induces pancreatic islet dysfunction in a coupled microphysiology system
Julio Aleman, Ravikumar K, Connor Wiegand, Mark E. Schurdak, Lawrence Vernetti, Dillon Gavlock, Celeste Reese, Richard DeBiasio, Greg LaRocca, Yulder Daniel Angarita, Albert Gough, Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez, Jaideep Behari, Vijay K. Yechoor, Mark T. Miedel
Communications Biology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum Magnesium Levels Are Negatively Associated with Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study
Man-Rong Xu, Ai-Ping Wang, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Li Shen, Lian-Xi Li
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(6): 1147. CrossRef
The relationship between NAFLD and retinol-binding protein 4 - an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Rui Hu, Xiaoyue Yang, Xiaoyu He, Guangyao Song
Lipids in Health and Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Blood lactate levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: a real-world study
Yi-Lin Ma, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Wei Wang, Yu-Jie Wang, Man-Rong Xu, Lian-Xi Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High‐normal unconjugated bilirubin is associated with decreased risk of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: A real‐world study
Man‐Rong Xu, Chun‐Hua Jin, Jun‐Xi Lu, Mei‐Fang Li, Lian‐Xi Li
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Elina En Li Cho, Chong Zhe Ang, Jingxuan Quek, Clarissa Elysia Fu, Lincoln Kai En Lim, Zane En Qi Heng, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Wen Hui Lim, Jie Ning Yong, Rebecca Zeng, Douglas Chee, Benjamin Nah, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana, Aung Hlaing Bwa, Khin Maung W
Gut.2023; 72(11): 2138. CrossRef
Serum iron is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study
Jun-Wei Wang, Chun-Hua Jin, Jiang-Feng Ke, Yi-Lin Ma, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Mei-Fang Li, Lian-Xi Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Low-normal serum unconjugated bilirubin levels are associated with late but not early carotid atherosclerotic lesions in T2DM subjects
Chun-Hua Jin, Jun-Wei Wang, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jing-Bo Li, Mei-Fang Li, Lian-Xi Li
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Waist-to-height ratio is a simple and practical alternative to waist circumference to diagnose metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes
Yi-Lin Ma, Chun-Hua Jin, Cui-Chun Zhao, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Wei Wang, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Gao-Zhong Huang, Lian-Xi Li
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
GA/HbA1c ratio is a simple and practical indicator to evaluate the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: an observational study
Jun-Wei Wang, Chun-Hua Jin, Jiang-Feng Ke, Yi-Lin Ma, Yu-Jie Wang, Jun-Xi Lu, Mei-Fang Li, Lian-Xi Li
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Decreased Serum Osteocalcin is an Independent Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Yu-Jie Wang, Chun-Hua Jin, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Wei Wang, Yi-Lin Ma, Jun-Xi Lu, Mei-Fang Li, Lian-Xi Li
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 3717. CrossRef

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