Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Drug Regimen
Efficacy and Safety of Evogliptin Add-on Therapy to Dapagliflozin/Metformin Combinations in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Design Phase-3 Trial with a 28-Week Extension: Jun Sung Moon, Il Rae Park, Hae Jin Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Kyu Chang Won, Kyung Ah Han, Cheol-Young Park, Jong Chul Won, Dong Jun Kim, Gwan Pyo Koh, Eun Sook Kim, Jae Myung Yu, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Chang Beom Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):808-817. Published online September 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0387

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Background
This study investigates the long-term efficacy and safety of evogliptin add-on therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) previously received dapagliflozin and metformin (DAPA/MET) combination.
Methods
In this multicenter randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels 7.0% to 10.5% (n=283) previously used DAPA 10 mg plus MET (≥1,000 mg) were randomly assigned to the evogliptin 5 mg once daily or placebo group (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in the HbA1c level from baseline at week 24, and exploratory endpoints included the efficacy and safety of evogliptin over 52 weeks (trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04170998).
Results
Evogliptin add-on to DAPA/MET therapy was superior in HbA1c reduction compared to placebo at weeks 24 and 52 (least square [LS] mean difference, –0.65% and –0.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –0.79 to –0.51 and –0.71 to –0.39; P<0.0001). The proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7% was higher in the triple combination group at week 52 (32.14% vs. 8.51% in placebo; odds ratio, 5.62; P<0.0001). Evogliptin significantly reduced the fasting glucose levels and mean daily glucose levels with improvement in homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (LS mean difference, 9.04; 95% CI, 1.86 to 16.21; P=0.0138). Adverse events were similar between the groups, and no serious adverse drug reactions were reported in the evogliptin group.
Conclusion
Long-term triple combination with evogliptin added to DAPA/MET showed superior HbA1c reduction and glycemic control compared to placebo at 52 weeks and was well tolerated.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add‐on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
In‐Kyung Jeong, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Ah Han, Kyoung‐Ah Kim, In Joo Kim, Seung Jin Han, Won Young Lee, Soon Jib Yoo
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022: Eun-Sun Jin, Jee-Seon Shim, Sung Eun Kim, Jae Hyun Bae, Shinae Kang, Jong Chul Won, Min-Jeong Shin, Heung Yong Jin, Jenny Moon, Hokyou Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):632-642. Published online August 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0135

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022.
Methods
We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020.
Results
In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia—more than one out of three conditions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] [men and women] <40 mg/dL)—was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL.
Conclusion
Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.

Citations

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Oxidative Balance Score and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees (KoGES-HEXA) Cohort
Mid-Eum Moon, Dong Hyuk Jung, Seok-Jae Heo, Byoungjin Park, Yong Jae Lee
Antioxidants.2024; 13(1): 107. CrossRef
Comparison of metabolic and neurological comorbidities in Asian patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Hee Joo Yang, Mi Young Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Chang Jin Jung, Woo Jin Lee, Chong Hyun Won, Mi Woo Lee, Joon Min Jung, Sung Eun Chang
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population
Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Metabolites.2024; 14(3): 169. CrossRef
Body Weight Variability and Risk of Suicide Mortality: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Jeongmin Lee, Jin-Hyung Jung, Dong Woo Kang, Min-Hee Kim, Dong-Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jung Min Lee, Sang-Ah Chang, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Fuquan Zhang
Depression and Anxiety.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Association of atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglycerides‐glucose index with hypertension: A gender‐disaggregated analysis
Rana Kolahi Ahari, Toktam Sahranavard, Amin Mansoori, Zahra Fallahi, Negin Babaeepoor, Gordon Ferns, Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2024; 26(6): 645. CrossRef
A Machine Learning Approach to Identify of Dyslipidemia based on Body Composition Indices in Men
Mi Hong Yim, Sanghun Lee
The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology.2024; 22(6): 153. CrossRef
Exploring Utilization and Establishing Reference Intervals for the Apolipoprotein B Test in the Korean Population
Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Diagnostics.2023; 13(20): 3194. CrossRef

Drug/Regimen
A Real-World Study of Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Lobeglitazone in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Bo-Yeon Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Suk Kyeong Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Hyeong-Kyu Park, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Jae Myung Yu, Mi Young Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sung Wan Chun, In-Kyung Jeong, Choon Hee Chung, Seung Jin Han, Hee-Seok Kim, Ju-Young Min, Sungrae Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):855-865. Published online March 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0264

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Background
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been associated with various safety concerns including weight gain, bladder cancer, and congestive heart failure (CHF). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a novel TZD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real practice.
Methods
In this non-interventional, multi-center, retrospective, and observational study conducted at 15 tertiary or secondary referral hospitals in Korea, a total of 2,228 patients with T2DM who received lobeglitazone 0.5 mg for more than 1 year were enrolled.
Results
Overall adverse events (AEs) occurred in 381 patients (17.10%) including edema in 1.97% (n=44). Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were identified in 0.81% (n=18) and 0.81% (n=18), respectively. One case of CHF was reported as an AE. Edema occurred in 1.97% (n=44) of patients. Hypoglycemia occurred in 2.47% (n=55) of patients. Fracture occurred in 1.17% (n=26) of all patients. Lobeglitazone significantly decreased HbA1c level, resulting in a mean treatment difference of -1.05%± 1.35% (P<0.001), and decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, it increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, regardless of statin administration. The patients who received lobeglitazone 0.5 mg showed an apparent reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline during the first 6 months of treatment. The HbA1c levels remained stable between months 6 and 42.
Conclusion
Lobeglitazone has long-term safety profile, good glycemic-lowering effect and long-term durability of glycemic control in real-world clinical settings.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of novel thiazolidinedione lobeglitazone for managing type-2 diabetes a meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Manoj Kumar, Priyankar K. Datta, Ritin Mohindra, Meha Sharma
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102697. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a new Thiazolidinedione, as compared to the standard of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shashank R. Joshi, Saibal Das, Suja Xaviar, Shambo Samrat Samajdar, Indranil Saha, Sougata Sarkar, Shatavisa Mukherjee, Santanu Kumar Tripathi, Jyotirmoy Pal, Nandini Chatterjee
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(1): 102703. CrossRef
Will lobeglitazone rival pioglitazone? A systematic review and critical appraisal
Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Awadhesh Kumar Singh
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2023; 17(4): 102747. CrossRef
Lobeglitazone

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1948(1): 262. CrossRef
Lobeglitazone, a novel thiazolidinedione, for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide nested case-control study
Joonsang Yoo, Jimin Jeon, Minyoul Baik, Jinkwon Kim
Cardiovascular Diabetology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Lobeglitazone and Its Therapeutic Benefits: A Review
Balamurugan M, Sarumathy S, Robinson R
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Oldies but Goodies: Thiazolidinedione as an Insulin Sensitizer with Cardioprotection
Eun-Hee Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(6): 827. CrossRef

Special Editorial

Drug/Regimen
The History of Insulin Therapy in Korea: Jun Sung Moon, Jong Chul Won, Young Min Cho; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):623-628. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0171

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History of insulin treatment of pediatric patients with diabetes in Korea
Jae Hyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 26(4): 237. CrossRef

Original Article

Drug/Regimen
Effects of Teneligliptin on HbA1c levels, Continuous Glucose Monitoring-Derived Time in Range and Glycemic Variability in Elderly Patients with T2DM (TEDDY Study): Ji Cheol Bae, Soo Heon Kwak, Hyun Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Kim, You-Cheol Hwang, Sunghwan Suh, Bok Jin Hyun, Ji Eun Cha, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyeon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(1):81-92. Published online June 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0016

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Background
To evaluate the effects of teneligliptin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived time in range, and glycemic variability in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted in eight centers in Korea (clinical trial registration number: NCT03508323). Sixty-five participants aged ≥65 years, who were treatment-naïve or had been treated with stable doses of metformin, were randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive 20 mg of teneligliptin (n=35) or placebo (n=30) for 12 weeks. The main endpoints were the changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 12, CGM metrics-derived time in range, and glycemic variability.
Results
After 12 weeks, a significant reduction (by 0.84%) in HbA1c levels was observed in the teneligliptin group compared to that in the placebo group (by 0.08%), with a between-group least squares mean difference of –0.76% (95% confidence interval [CI], –1.08 to –0.44). The coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion significantly decreased in participants treated with teneligliptin as compared to those in the placebo group. Teneligliptin treatment significantly decreased the time spent above 180 or 250 mg/dL, respectively, without increasing the time spent below 70 mg/dL. The mean percentage of time for which glucose levels remained in the 70 to 180 mg/dL time in range (TIR70–180) at week 12 was 82.0%±16.0% in the teneligliptin group, and placebo-adjusted change in TIR70–180 from baseline was 13.3% (95% CI, 6.0 to 20.6).
Conclusion
Teneligliptin effectively reduced HbA1c levels, time spent above the target range, and glycemic variability, without increasing hypoglycemia in our study population.

Citations

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Comparison of teneligliptin and other gliptin-based regimens in addressing insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study
Harmanjit Singh, Ravi Rohilla, Shivani Jaswal, Mandeep Singla
Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 19(1): 81. CrossRef
Potential approaches using teneligliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: current status and future prospects
Harmanjit Singh, Jasbir Singh, Ravneet Kaur Bhangu, Mandeep Singla, Jagjit Singh, Farideh Javid
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology.2023; 16(1): 49. CrossRef
Mechanism of molecular interaction of sitagliptin with human DPP4 enzyme - New Insights
Michelangelo Bauwelz Gonzatti, José Edvar Monteiro Júnior, Antônio José Rocha, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Antônio José de Jesus Evangelista, Fátima Morgana Pio Fonseca, Vânia Marilande Ceccatto, Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira, José Ednésio da Cruz Freire
Advances in Medical Sciences.2023; 68(2): 402. CrossRef
A prospective multicentre open label study to assess effect of Teneligliptin on glycemic control through parameters of time in range (TIR) Metric using continuous glucose monitoring (TOP-TIR study)
Banshi Saboo, Suhas Erande, A.G. Unnikrishnan
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2022; 16(2): 102394. CrossRef
Association between Variability of Metabolic Risk Factors and Cardiometabolic Outcomes
Min Jeong Park, Kyung Mook Choi
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(1): 49. CrossRef

Editorial

The Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin from the Neuropathy Perspective: Jong Chul Won; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(6):840-841. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0252

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Original Articles

Drug/Regimen
γ-Linolenic Acid versus α-Lipoic Acid for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Adults: A 12-Week, Double-Placebo, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial: Jong Chul Won, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seong-Su Moon, Sung Wan Chun, Chong Hwa Kim, Ie Byung Park, In Joo Kim, Jihyun Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):542-554. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0099

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Background

This study was a multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) relative to α-lipoic acid (ALA) over a 12-week treatment period in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods

This study included 100 T2DM patients between 20 and 75 years of age who had painful DPN and received either GLA (320 mg/day) and placebo or ALA (600 mg/day) and placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were mean changes in pain intensities as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the total symptom scores (TSS).

Results

Of the 100 subjects who initially participated in the study, 73 completed the 12-week treatment period. Per-protocol analyses revealed significant decreases in the mean VAS and TSS scores compared to baseline in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The treatment difference for the VAS (95% confidence interval [CI]) between the two groups was −0.65 (−1.526 to 0.213) and the upper bound of the 95% CI did not exceed the predefined noninferiority margin (δ₁=0.51). For the TSS, the treatment difference was −0.05 (−1.211 to 1.101) but the upper bound of the 95% CI crossed the noninferiority margin (δ₂=0.054). There were no serious adverse events associated with the treatments.

Conclusion

GLA treatment in patients with painful DPN was noninferior to ALA in terms of reducing pain intensity measured by the VAS over 12 weeks.

Citations

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Cell metabolism pathways involved in the pathophysiological changes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Yaowei Lv, Xiangyun Yao, Xiao Li, Yuanming Ouyang, Cunyi Fan, Yun Qian
Neural Regeneration Research.2024; 19(3): 598. CrossRef
Ranking Alpha Lipoic Acid and Gamma Linolenic Acid in Terms of Efficacy and Safety in the Management of Adults With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Mario B. Prado, Karen Joy B. Adiao
Canadian Journal of Diabetes.2024; 48(4): 233. CrossRef
Comprehensive comparison of a new technology with traditional methods for extracting Ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima) seed oils: Physicochemical properties, fatty acids, functional components, and antioxidant activities
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LWT.2024; 197: 115857. CrossRef
Genetic and Transcriptomic Background of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in Late Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Gašper Tonin, Vita Dolžan, Jasna Klen
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Antinociceptive effects of gamma-linolenic acid in the formalin test in the rats
Kaveh Rahimi, Arman Nourishirazi, Hamidreza Delaviz, Zohreh Ghotbeddin
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Efficacy of Using Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplement in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
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European Journal of Medical and Health Research.2024; 2(3): 248. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 546. CrossRef
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetic microvascular complications: a Mendelian randomization study
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Alpha-lipoic acid activates AMPK to protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Tianya Zhang, Dong Zhang, Zhihong Zhang, Jiaxin Tian, Jingwen An, Wang Zhang, Ying Ben
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Pathogenetic treatments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2023; 206: 110764. CrossRef
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Omega-3 Nutrition Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
Deepak Menon, Evan J. H. Lewis, Bruce A. Perkins, Vera Bril
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Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review
Saleh A Abubaker, Abdulaziz M Alonazy, Albasseet Abdulrahman
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Insight into the possible mechanism(s) involved in the antinociceptive and antineuropathic activity of Descurainia sophia L. Webb ex Prantl essential oil
Donya Ziafatdoost Abed, Sajjad Jabbari, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Saeed Mohammadi
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Alicja Sementina, Mateusz Cierzniakowski, Julia Rogalska, Izabela Piechowiak, Marek Spichalski, Aleksandra Araszkiewicz
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Pathogenesis and Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Seon Mee Kang
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2022; 23(4): 222. CrossRef
Diabetic Neuropathy: a Critical, Narrative Review of Published Data from 2019
Ameet S. Nagpal, Jennifer Leet, Kaitlyn Egan, Rudy Garza
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Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases
Manzar Alam, Sabeeha Ali, Sarfraz Ahmed, Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Mohd Adnan, Asimul Islam, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(22): 12162. CrossRef
Diagnosis and treatment of the early stages of diabetic polyneuropathy
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Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2020; (7): 56. CrossRef

Epidemiology
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2018: An Appraisal of Current Status: Bo-Yeon Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Jung Hwan Park, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Kyong Soo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):487-494. Published online July 17, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0067

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Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged 30 years and older.

Methods

This study used 2013 to 2016 data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally-representative survey of the Korean population. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, current use of antidiabetic medication, a previous history of diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%.

Results

In 2016, 14.4% (approximately 5.02 million) of Korean adults had diabetes. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.3% (8.71 million). From 2013 to 2016, the awareness, control, and treatment rates for diabetes were 62.6%, 56.7%, and 25.1%, respectively. People with diabetes had the following comorbidities: obesity (50.4%), abdominal obesity (47.8%), hypertension (55.3%), and hypercholesterolemia (34.9%). The 25.1%, 68.4%, and 44.2% of people with diabetes achieved HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Only 8.4% of people with diabetes had good control of all three targets.

Conclusion

This study confirms that diabetes is as an important public health problem. Efforts should be made to increase awareness, detection, and comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.

Citations

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Yun Kyung Cho, Kyung-Soo Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Jun Hwa Hong, Jae Myung Yu, Soo Lim, Ye An Kim, Chang Beom Lee, Sang Soo Kim, Soo Heon Kwak, Woo Je Lee
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Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients
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Editorial

Others
Fifty Years of Compassionate Care and Harmonious Collaboration of the Korean Diabetes Association: The 50th Anniversary of Korean Diabetes Association: Jong Chul Won, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyung Joon Yoo; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(6):475-479. Published online December 17, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0231

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Citations

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DMJ, Better than Yesterday, More Brilliant Tomorrow
Kyu Chang Won
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Complications
Patterns of Nerve Conduction Abnormalities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus According to the Clinical Phenotype Determined by the Current Perception Threshold: Joong Hyun Park, Jong Chul Won; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(6):519-528. Published online October 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0068

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Background

Clinical manifestations of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) vary along the course of nerve damage. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) have been suggested as a way to confirm diagnoses of DPN, but the results have limited utility for evaluating clinical phenotypes. The current perception threshold (CPT) is a complementary method for diagnosing DPN and assessing DPN symptoms. We compared NCS variables according to clinical phenotypes determined by CPT measurements.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent both NCS and CPT tests using a neurometer. CPT grades were used to determine the clinical phenotypes of DPN: normoesthesia (0 to 1.66), hyperesthesia (1.67 to 6.62), and hypoesthesia/anesthesia (6.63 to 12.0). The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to determine a subjective symptom score. DPN was diagnosed based on both patient symptoms (MNSI score ≥3) and abnormal NCS results.

Results

A total of 202 patients (117 men and 85 women) were included in the final analysis. The average age was 62.6 years, and 71 patients (35.1%) were diagnosed with DPN. The CPT variables correlated with MNSI scores and NCS variables in patients with diabetes. Linear regression analyses indicated that hypoesthesia was associated with significantly lower summed velocities and sural amplitudes and velocities, and higher summed latencies, than normoesthesia. Sural amplitude was significantly lower in patients with hyperesthesia than in patients with normoesthesia.

Conclusion

NCS variables differed among patients with diabetes according to clinical phenotypes based on CPT and decreased sural nerve velocities was associated with hyperesthesia.

Citations

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Epidemiology
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 2016: An Appraisal of Current Status: Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):415-424. Published online August 9, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0017

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Background

This report presents the recent prevalence and comorbidities related to diabetes in Korea by analyzing the nationally representative data.

Methods

Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013 to 2014, the percentages and the total number of subjects over the age of 30 years with diabetes and prediabetes were estimated and applied to the National Population Census in 2014. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on fasting plasma glucose (≥126 mg/dL), current taking of antidiabetic medication, history of previous diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting plasma glucose in the range of 100 to 125 mg/dL among those without diabetes.

Results

About 4.8 million (13.7%) Korean adults (≥30 years old) had diabetes, and about 8.3 million (24.8%) Korean adults had IFG. However, 29.3% of the subjects with diabetes are not aware of their condition. Of the subjects with diabetes, 48.6% and 54.7% were obese and hypertensive, respectively, and 31.6% had hypercholesterolemia. Although most subjects with diabetes (89.1%) were under medical treatment, and mostly being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (80.2%), 10.8% have remained untreated. With respect to overall glycemic control, 43.5% reached the target of HbA1c <7%, whereas 23.3% reached the target when the standard was set to HbA1c <6.5%, according to the Korean Diabetes Association guideline.

Conclusion

Diabetes is a major public health threat in Korea, but a significant proportion of adults were not controlling their illness. We need comprehensive approaches to overcome the upcoming diabetes-related disease burden in Korea.

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Clinical Care/Education
Clinical Evaluation of OneTouch Diabetes Management Software System in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Jung Min Kim, Hey Jean Lee, Keum Ok Kim, Jong Chul Won, Kyung Soo Ko, Byung Doo Rhee; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(2):129-139. Published online April 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.129

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Background

OneTouch Diabetes Management Software (OTDMS) is an efficient way to track and monitor the blood glucose level. It is possible to download data from the OneTouch Ultra via the meter's data port, and to transform the numbers of the blood glucose level into a graph, a chart, or statistics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the use of OTDMS in consultation hours would improve patients' knowledge of diabetes mellitus (DM), compliance, satisfaction with doctor and medical treatment, doctor-patient reliability, and glucose control.

Methods

All patients were randomized into either the OTDMS group using OneTouch Ultra or the control groups not using it. Both groups had conventional DM education and only the OTDMS group used data from OTDMS as explanation materials during consultation hours. At enrollment and after 6 months, we performed a questionnaire survey consisting of the diabetes knowledge test, items for compliance of treatment, patient's satisfaction, doctor-patient reliability, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Results

We analyzed 6-month follow-up data from 92 patients (OTDMS 42 vs. control 50). Both groups showed significant improvements in HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, compliance, reliability, and satisfaction after 6 months. However, there were no significant differences between OTDMS and control groups overall. Only "weekly frequency of checking blood glucose level" of compliance and "trying to follow doctor's order" of reliability showed better results in the OTDMS group.

Conclusion

Using the OTDMS system for explanation during consultation hours seems to be more helpful to improve patient's compliance and reliability, especially for checking blood glucose level and trying to follow the doctor's order.

Citations

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Quality improvement strategies for diabetes care: Effects on outcomes for adults living with diabetes
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Brief Report

Glycated Hemoglobin Value for Fasting Plasma Glucose of 126 mg/dL in Korean: The 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Jung Min Kim, Jae Won Hong, Jong Chul Won, Jung Hyun Noh, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Dong-Jun Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(6):480-483. Published online December 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.6.480

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We aimed to estimate the cutoff value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, A1c) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 126 mg/dL in the Korean adult population, using the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5,421 participants without a history of diabetes and over 19 years of age were included in the analysis. A point-wise area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to estimate the optimal A1c cutoff value. A1c threshold of 6.1% produced the highest sum of sensitivity (85.2%) and specificity (90.5%) for FPG of 126 mg/dL (area under the curve, 0.941, P<0.001). A1c of 6.5% produced a sensitivity of 67.7% and specificity of 98.0% for FPG of 126 mg/dL. Considering A1c as one of three criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes and the specificity of an A1c cutoff of 6.5%, the current diagnostic criteria of A1c≥6.5% might be acceptable in the Korean adult population.

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Original Articles

Current Status of Glycemic Control of Patients with Diabetes in Korea: The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ja Young Jeon, Dae Jung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Chul Sik Kim, Jee Hyun An, Nan Hee Kim, Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyeon Kim, Bong-Yun Cha, Kee-Ho Song; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):197-203. Published online June 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.197

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Background

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III (2005) reported that 22.9% of individuals with diabetes have a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% and that 43.5% have an HbA1c <7%. We investigated the levels of glycemic control and the factors associated with glycemic control using data from the KNHANES V (2010 to 2012).

Methods

Subjects with diabetes diagnosed by a physician or those taking antidiabetic medications were classified as individuals with known diabetes. Of 1,498 subjects aged ≥30 years with diabetes, we excluded 157 individuals who were missing HbA1c data. A total of 1,341 subjects were included in the final analysis.

Results

The prevalence of known diabetes was 7.7% (n=1,498, estimated to be 2.32 million people). The proportions of well-controlled diabetes meeting a HbA1c goal of <6.5% and <7% were 27% and 45.6%, respectively. HbA1c increased as the duration of diabetes increased. HbA1c in subjects with a duration of diabetes ≤5 years was lower than in subjects with a duration >5 years. HbA1c in the group taking only oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) was significantly lower than that in the group administered only insulin or OHA and insulin in combination. In logistic regression analysis, a longer duration of diabetes, insulin use and the absence of chronic renal failure were associated with HbA1c levels >6.5%.

Conclusion

The level of adequate glycemic control was similar to but slightly improved compared with previous levels. The glycemic control of long-standing diabetes patients is more difficult even though they receive insulin treatment.

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Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Nephropathy in Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Jae Hee Ahn, Ji Hee Yu, Seung-Hyun Ko, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chul Sik Kim, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, Kyungdo Han, Bong-Yun Cha, Nan Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(2):109-119. Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.2.109

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Background

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end stage renal disease and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. It manifests as albuminuria or impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy varies with ethnicity. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and its determinants in Korean adults have not previously been studied at the national level. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of albuminuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korean patients with diabetes.

Methods

The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V, conducted in 2011, was used to define albuminuria (n=4,652), and the dataset of KNHANES IV-V (2008-2011) was used to define CKD (n=21,521). Selected samples were weighted to represent the entire civilian population in Korea. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. CKD was defined as a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m².

Results

Among subjects with diabetes, 26.7% had albuminuria, and 8.6% had CKD. Diabetes was associated with an approximate 2.5-fold increased risk of albuminuria, with virtually no difference between new-onset and previously diagnosed diabetes. Only systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with albuminuria, and old age, high serum triglyceride levels, and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD) were related with CKD in subjects with diabetes.

Conclusion

Korean subjects with diabetes had a higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD than those without diabetes. Blood pressure was associated with albuminuria, and age, triglyceride level, and previous CVD were independent determinants of CKD in subjects with diabetes.

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Aging.2022; 14(19): 8095. CrossRef
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as an inflammatory biomarker of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A comparative cross-sectional study
Mesfin Zewude Gurmu, Solomon Genet, Solomon Tebeje Gizaw, Teka Obsa Feyisa, Natesan Gnanasekaran
SAGE Open Medicine.2022; 10: 205031212211402. CrossRef
Did Sejong the Great have ankylosing spondylitis? The oldest documented case of ankylosing spondylitis
JiHwan Lee
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2021; 24(2): 203. CrossRef
Protective effects of klotho on palmitate-induced podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy
Jeong Suk Kang, Seung Seob Son, Ji-Hye Lee, Seong Woo Lee, Ah Reum Jeong, Eun Soo Lee, Seung-Kuy Cha, Choon Hee Chung, Eun Young Lee, Partha Mukhopadhyay
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(4): e0250666. CrossRef
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Yuhong Hu, Rong Shi, Ruohui Mo, Fan Hu
Aging.2020; 12(11): 10317. CrossRef
Differential Urinary Proteome Analysis for Predicting Prognosis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with and without Renal Dysfunction
Hee-Sung Ahn, Jong Ho Kim, Hwangkyo Jeong, Jiyoung Yu, Jeonghun Yeom, Sang Heon Song, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, Kyunggon Kim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(12): 4236. CrossRef
Urine E-cadherin: A Marker for Early Detection of Kidney Injury in Diabetic Patients
Michael Koziolek, Gerhard A. Mueller, Gry H. Dihazi, Klaus Jung, Constanze Altubar, Manuel Wallbach, Ivana Markovic, Dirk Raddatz, Olaf Jahn, Hülya Karaköse, Christof Lenz, Henning Urlaub, Abdelhi Dihazi, Abdellatif El El Meziane, Hassan Dihazi
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(3): 639. CrossRef
Study of serum pentraxin 3 level in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Alaaeldin Abdelsalam Dawood, Mai Ashraf Kamel, Thoria Ahmed Omar, Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed Agaba
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Limitations of Deep Learning Attention Mechanisms in Clinical Research: Empirical Case Study Based on the Korean Diabetic Disease Setting
Junetae Kim, Sangwon Lee, Eugene Hwang, Kwang Sun Ryu, Hanseok Jeong, Jae Wook Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Kui Son Choi, Hyo Soung Cha
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2020; 22(12): e18418. CrossRef
Long-term effects of various types of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors on changes in glomerular filtration rate in Korea
Seo Yeon Baik, Hyunah Kim, So Jung Yang, Tong Min Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Hyunyong Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Kun-Ho Yoon, Hun-Sung Kim
Frontiers of Medicine.2019; 13(6): 713. CrossRef
Plasma endoglin in Type2 diabetic patients with nephropathy
Ahmed S. Doghish, Atef A. Bassyouni, Mohamed H. Mahfouz, Heba G. Abd El-Aziz, Rania Y. Zakaria
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(1): 764. CrossRef
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Dan Liao, Liang Ma, Jing Liu, Ping Fu, Noël C. Barengo
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(2): e0210213. CrossRef
Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis
Jieqiong Lou, Limei Jing, Hui Yang, Fei Qin, Wen Long, Rong Shi
The International Journal of Health Planning and Management.2019; 34(3): 1013. CrossRef
Predictive Factors for Efficacy of AST-120 Treatment in Diabetic Nephropathy: a Prospective Single-Arm, Open-Label, Multi-Center Study
You-Cheol Hwang, Se Won Kim, Kyu Yeon Hur, Bong-Soo Cha, In Joo Kim, Tae Sun Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Kun Ho Yoon, Kwan Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Glycated Albumin Is a More Useful Glycation Index than HbA1c for Reflecting Renal Tubulopathy in Subjects with Early Diabetic Kidney Disease
Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, So Young Park, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(3): 215. CrossRef
Meta‑analysis of the benefit of sitagliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with incipient nephropathy
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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
MicroRNA‐326‐3p ameliorates high glucose and ox‐LDL‐IC‐ induced fibrotic injury in renal mesangial cells by targeting FcγRIII
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Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease.2018; 25(2): 121. CrossRef
Evaluation of the association between the number of natural teeth and anemia among Korean adults using nationally representative data
Kyungdo Han, Jun‐Beom Park
Journal of Periodontology.2018; 89(10): 1184. CrossRef
Correlation of vascular endothelial function and coagulation factors with renal function and inflammatory factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Jie Sun, Caiyan Liu
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Cigarette smoking and risk of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Haili Xu, Jinliu Suo, Jing Lian
International Urology and Nephrology.2018; 50(5): 911. CrossRef
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 2016: An Appraisal of Current Status
Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(5): 415. CrossRef
Association between the number of natural teeth and diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetes mellitus
Su Jeong Song, Kyungdo Han, Seong-su Lee, Jun-Beom Park
Medicine.2017; 96(47): e8694. CrossRef
Arterial Stiffness Is More Associated with Albuminuria than Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The REBOUND Study
Jong Ho Kim, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ja Young Park, Chang Won Lee, Ji Hye Suk, Sun Hae Shin, Sung Pyo Son, Min Chul Kim, Jun Hyeob Ahn, Kwang Jae Lee, Min Jung Kwon, Soon Hee Lee, Jeong Hyun Park
Journal of Diabetes Research.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Determinants of diabetic nephropathy in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study
Solomon Hintsa, Lamessa Dube, Mebrahtu Abay, Teklit Angesom, Abdulhalik Workicho, Petter Bjornstad
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Comparison between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Renal Function Decline among Patients with Diabetes
Eugene Han, Gyuri Kim, Ji-Yeon Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Beom Seok Kim, Byung-Wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Eun Seok Kang
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 274. CrossRef
Association between underweight and tooth loss among Korean adults
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Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Su Bin Park, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim, Yoon Jeong Nam, Kang Hee Ahn, Jong Ho Kim, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, Sang Heon Song, Ihm Soo Kwak, Eun Kyung Lee, Yong Ki Kim
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2017; 31(6): 1041. CrossRef
Low serum bilirubin level predicts the development of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kang Hee Ahn, Sang Soo Kim, Won Jin Kim, Jong Ho Kim, Yun Jeong Nam, Su Bin Park, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, In Joo Kim, Yong Ki Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(5): 875. CrossRef
Periodontitis is associated with diabetic retinopathy in non-obese adults
Su Jeong Song, Seong-su Lee, Kyungdo Han, Jun-Beom Park
Endocrine.2017; 56(1): 82. CrossRef
Baseline Cardiovascular Characteristics of Adult Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD)
Hyoungnae Kim, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Kyu Hun Choi, Kook-Hwan Oh, Joongyub Lee, Soo Wan Kim, Tae Hee Kim, Suah Sung, Seung Hyeok Han
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(2): 231. CrossRef
Addition of nonalbumin proteinuria to albuminuria improves prediction of type 2 diabetic nephropathy progression
Jong Ho Kim, Seo Young Oh, Eun Heui Kim, Min Jin Lee, Yun Kyung Jeon, Bo Hyun Kim, Jin Mi Kim, Yong Ki Kim, Sang Soo Kim, In Joo Kim
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Smoking and the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Ning Jiang, Feng Huang, Xiurong Zhang
Oncotarget.2017; 8(54): 93209. CrossRef
Treatment of diabetic kidney disease: current and future targets
Mi-Kyung Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2017; 32(4): 622. CrossRef
Analysis and comparison of the cost-effectiveness of statins according to the baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Korea
Y. J. Jeong, H. Kim, S. J. Baik, T. M. Kim, S. J. Yang, S.-H. Lee, J.-H. Cho, H. Lee, H. W. Yim, I. Y. Choi, K.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Kim
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2017; 42(3): 292. CrossRef
Mechanistic Insight and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: Recent Progress and Future Perspective
Rui Xue, Dingkun Gui, Liyang Zheng, Ruonan Zhai, Feng Wang, Niansong Wang
Journal of Diabetes Research.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Nonalbuminuric Renal Insufficiency: Can It Be a Novel Category of Diabetic Nephropathy?
Masami Tanaka, Hiroshi Itoh
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(4): 533. CrossRef
Current Challenges in Diabetic Nephropathy: Early Diagnosis and Ways to Improve Outcomes
Sang Soo Kim, Jong Ho Kim, In Joo Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2016; 31(2): 245. CrossRef
Functional mechanisms for diabetic nephropathy-associated genetic variants
Chengxin Gong, Yonghu Xu, Yongfang Fan, Xingzi Liu, Chaopeng Xiong, Luling He, Changle Liu, Shenqiang Rao, Wen Xiao, Lu Ding, Lan Tang, Fangfang Hu, Mengqi Xiong, Mei Yang, Shangdong Liang, Hong Xu
Genes & Genomics.2016; 38(7): 595. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Intention to Receive Examination of Diabetes Complications
Yi-Lin Hsieh, Fang-Hsin Lee, Chien-Liang Chen, Ming-Fong Chang, Pei-Hsuan Han
Asian Nursing Research.2016; 10(4): 289. CrossRef
Associations between the number of natural teeth and renal dysfunction
Hye Min Choi, Kyungdo Han, Yong Gyu Park, Jun-Beom Park
Medicine.2016; 95(34): e4681. CrossRef
Decreased plasma α-Klotho predict progression of nephropathy with type 2 diabetic patients
Sang Soo Kim, Sang Heon Song, In Joo Kim, Eun Young Lee, Su Mi Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Ihm Soo Kwak, Eun Kyung Lee, Yong Ki Kim
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2016; 30(5): 887. CrossRef
The Association Between Smoking Tobacco After a Diagnosis of Diabetes and the Prevalence of Diabetic Nephropathy in the Korean Male Population
Hyungseon Yeom, Jung Hyun Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Il Suh
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2016; 49(2): 108. CrossRef
Effects of Small Dense LDL in Diabetic Nephropathy in Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Seongyul Ryu, Youngwoo Kim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Kyung-Jin Yun
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2016; 5(1): 11. CrossRef
Translational genomics for human diseases: toward a new era of precision medicine
Yoon Shin Cho, Ki Wha Chung, Nam-Soo Kim
Genes & Genomics.2016; 38(7): 573. CrossRef
Lipoprotein(a) predicts a new onset of chronic kidney disease in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
J.‐S. Yun, Y.‐B. Ahn, K.‐H. Song, K.‐D. Yoo, Y.‐M. Park, H.‐W. Kim, S.‐H. Ko
Diabetic Medicine.2016; 33(5): 639. CrossRef
The association between abnormal heart rate variability and new onset of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A ten-year follow-up study
Jae-Seung Yun, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Hyung-Wook Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2015; 108(1): 31. CrossRef
Central obesity is an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria in both the general Korean women and nondiabetic nonhypertensive subpopulation: Association of microalbuminuria and metabolic syndrome from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinat
John Hoon Rim, Yong-ho Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Sang-Guk Lee, Jeong-Ho Kim
Clinica Chimica Acta.2015; 448: 74. CrossRef
Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Epidemiology to Clinical Perspectives
Cheol Whee Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(4): 252. CrossRef

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