Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Special Editorial

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal in 2024: We Will Keep Moving toward a Better Future: Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(1):53-54. Published online January 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2024.0008

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Original Articles

Complications
The Risk of Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Nationwide Population-Based Study: Jong-Ho Kim, Bong-Seoung Kim, Kyung-do Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(6):869-878. Published online August 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0275

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and shoulder adhesive capsulitis (AC) using a large-scale, nationwide, population-based cohort in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
A total of 3,471,745 subjects aged over 20 years who underwent a National Health Insurance Service medical checkup between 2009 and 2010 were included in this study, and followed from the date of their medical checkup to the end of 2018. Subjects were classified into the following four groups based on the presence of dysglycemia and history of diabetes medication: normal, prediabetes, newly diagnosed T2DM (new-T2DM), and T2DM (claim history for antidiabetic medication). The endpoint was new-onset AC during follow-up. The incidence rates (IRs) in 1,000 person-years and hazard ratios (HRs) of AC for each group were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Results
The IRs of AC were 9.453 (normal), 11.912 (prediabetes), 14.933 (new-T2DM), and 24.3761 (T2DM). The adjusted HRs of AC in the prediabetes, new-T2DM, and T2DM groups were 1.084 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.075 to 1.094), 1.312 (95% CI, 1.287 to 1.337), and 1.473 (95% CI, 1.452 to 1.494) compared to the normal group, respectively. This secular trend of the HRs of AC according to T2DM status was statistically significant (P<0.0001).
Conclusion
This large-scale, longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort study of 3,471,745 subjects confirmed that the risk of AC increases in prediabetic subjects and is associated with T2DM status.

Citations

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Impacts of preoperative anxiety and depression on pain and range of motion after arthroscopic frozen shoulder release: a cohort study
Yahia Haroun, Ahmed Saeed Younis, Wessam Fakhery Ebied, Mohamed Amr Hemida, Ahmed H. Khater
International Orthopaedics.2024; 48(8): 2113. CrossRef
Subdiaphragmatic phrenic nerve supply: A systematic review
María Pérez-Montalbán, Encarna García-Domínguez, Ángel Oliva-Pascual-Vaca
Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger.2024; 254: 152269. CrossRef
Higher body mass index increases the risk of shoulder adhesive capsulitis in young adults: a nationwide cohort study
Jong-Ho Kim, Jae-Yoon Baek, Kyung-Do Han, Bong-Seoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of moderate physical activity on diabetic adhesive capsulitis: a randomized clinical trial
Raheela Kanwal Sheikh, Amna Toseef, Aadil Omer, Anam Aftab, Muhammad Manan Haider Khan, Saeed Bin Ayaz, Omar Althomli, Aisha Razzaq, Samra Khokhar, Nazia Jabbar, Waqar Ahmed Awan
PeerJ.2024; 12: e18030. CrossRef
A Narrative Review of Adhesive Capsulitis with Diabetes
Mu-Her Chen, Wen-Shiang Chen
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(19): 5696. CrossRef
Sub‐Acromioclavicular Decompression Increases the Risk of Postoperative Shoulder Stiffness after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Cheng Li, Zhiling Wang, Maslah Idiris Ali, Yi Long, Ymuhanmode Alike, Min Zhou, Dedong Cui, Zhenze Zheng, Ke Meng, Jingyi Hou, Rui Yang
Orthopaedic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A comprehensive scoring system for the diagnosis and staging of adhesive capsulitis: development, application, and implications
Fabio Vita, Danilo Donati, Roberto Tedeschi, Marco Miceli, Paolo Spinnato, Flavio Origlio, Enrico Guerra, Marco Cavallo, Salvatore Massimo Stella, Luigi Tarallo, Giuseppe Porcellini, Stefano Galletti, Cesare Faldini
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020: Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Yong-Moon Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Jae-Hyun Bae, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan-Hee Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):643-652. Published online August 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0041

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Background
We evaluated the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly Korean patients based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
Methods
A total of 3,068 adults aged 65 years and older (19.8% of total population) were analyzed using KNHANES from 2019 to 2020. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates, and comorbidities were analyzed. Lifestyle behaviors and energy intake were also measured.
Results
The prevalence of DM and prediabetes was 29.6% and 50.5%, respectively. The awareness, treatment and control rates were 76.4%, 73.3%, and 28.3%, respectively. The control rate was 77.0% if A1C <7.5% criteria was used. The mean A1C value of individuals with known DM was 7.1%, and 14.5% of the known DM patients had A1C ≥8.0%. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were combined with DM in 63.9%, 71.7%, and 70.7%, respectively, and the rate of integrated management was 36.0% (A1C <7.5% criteria). A total of 40.1% of those with DM walked regularly. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in those with DM than in those without DM (P=0.044), while those of fat (P=0.003) and protein (P=0.025) were lower in those with DM than in those without DM in women.
Conclusion
In 2019 to 2020, three of 10 adults aged 65 years and older in Korea had DM, and approximately 70% of them had comorbidities. A strategy for more individualized comprehensive care for the elderly patients with DM is urgently needed.

Citations

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Public Health Nursing.2024; 41(5): 1006. CrossRef
Holistic and Personalized Strategies for Managing in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hyun Ko
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 531. CrossRef
Association and interaction effect of shift work and the risk for obstructive sleep apnea on diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Korean workers
Kyusung Kim, Hi-Ju Kim, Seunghyun Lee, Wanhyung Lee
Sleep and Breathing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Benefit and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ja Young Jeon, Dae Jung Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 837. CrossRef
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Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 630. CrossRef

Response

Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:242-54): Se-Won Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):439-440. Published online May 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0104; [Original]

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Original Articles

Complications
Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Se-Won Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(2):242-254. Published online January 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0001

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Background
Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for the type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and T2DM accompanies various complications, such as fractures. We investigated the effects of BMI and T2DM on fracture risk and analyzed whether the association varied with fracture locations.
Methods
This study is a nationwide population-based cohort study that included all people with T2DM (n=2,746,078) who received the National Screening Program during 2009–2012. According to the anatomical location of the fracture, the incidence rate and hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed by dividing it into four categories: vertebra, hip, limbs, and total fracture.
Results
The total fracture had higher HR in the underweight group (HR, 1.268; 95% CI, 1.228 to 1.309) and lower HR in the obese group (HR, 0.891; 95% CI, 0.882 to 0.901) and the morbidly obese group (HR, 0.873; 95% CI, 0.857 to 0.89), compared to reference (normal BMI group). Similar trends were observed for HR of vertebra fracture. The risk of hip fracture was most prominent, the risk of hip fracture increased in the underweight group (HR, 1.896; 95% CI, 1.178 to 2.021) and decreased in the obesity (HR, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.624 to 0.663) and morbidly obesity group (HR, 0.627; 95% CI, 0.591 to 0.665). Lastly, fracture risk was least affected by BMI for limbs.
Conclusion
In T2DM patients, underweight tends to increase fracture risk, and overweight tends to lower fracture risk, but association between BMI and fracture risk varied depending on the affected bone lesions.

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Dysuricemia—A New Concept Encompassing Hyperuricemia and Hypouricemia
Naoyuki Otani, Motoshi Ouchi, Einosuke Mizuta, Asuka Morita, Tomoe Fujita, Naohiko Anzai, Ichiro Hisatome
Biomedicines.2023; 11(5): 1255. CrossRef
Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:242-54)
Se-Won Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(3): 439. CrossRef
Association of Body Mass Index and Fracture Risk Varied by Affected Bones in Patients with Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study (Diabetes Metab J 2023;47:242-54)
So Young Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(3): 437. CrossRef
Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on fractures, BMD, and bone metabolism markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xin Wang, Fengyi Zhang, Yufeng Zhang, Jiayi Zhang, Yingli Sheng, Wenbo Wang, Yujie Li
Osteoporosis International.2023; 34(12): 2013. CrossRef

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea 2021: Jae Hyun Bae, Kyung-Do Han, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ye Seul Yang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Mook Choi, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyu Chang Won, on Behalf of the Committee of Media-Public Relation of the Korean Diabetes Association; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(3):417-426. Published online May 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0106

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Background
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus, risk-factor control, and comorbidities among Korean adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the prevalence, treatment, risk factors, comorbidities, and self-management behaviors of diabetes mellitus from 2019 to 2020. We also analyzed data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service to evaluate the use of antidiabetic medications in people with diabetes mellitus from 2002 through 2018.
Results
Among Korean adults aged 30 years or older, the estimated prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 16.7% in 2020. From 2019 through 2020, 65.8% of adults with diabetes mellitus were aware of the disease and treated with antidiabetic medications. The percentage of adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <6.5% was 24.5% despite the increased use of new antidiabetic medications. We found that adults with diabetes mellitus who achieved all three goals of HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure (BP) <140/85 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL were 9.7%. The percentage of self-management behaviors was lower in men than women. Excess energy intake was observed in 16.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Korean adults remained high. Only 9.7% of adults with diabetes mellitus achieved all glycemic, BP, and lipid controls from 2019 to 2020. Continuous evaluation of national diabetes statistics and a national effort to increase awareness of diabetes mellitus and improve comprehensive diabetes care are needed.

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Review

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Not Control but Conquest: Strategies for the Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Jinyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(2):165-180. Published online March 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0377

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Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

A durable normoglycemic state was observed in several studies that treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients through metabolic surgery, intensive therapeutic intervention, or significant lifestyle modification, and it was confirmed that the functional β-cell mass was also restored to a normal level. Therefore, expert consensus introduced the concept of remission as a common term to express this phenomenon in 2009. Throughout this article, we introduce the recently updated consensus statement on the remission of T2DM in 2021 and share our perspective on the remission of diabetes. There is a need for more research on remission in Korea as well as in Western countries. Remission appears to be prompted by proactive treatment for hyperglycemia and significant weight loss prior to irreversible β-cell changes. T2DM is not a diagnosis for vulnerable individuals to helplessly accept. We attempt to explain how remission of T2DM can be achieved through a personalized approach. It may be necessary to change the concept of T2DM towards that of an urgent condition that requires rapid intervention rather than a chronic, progressive disease. We must grasp this paradigm shift in our understanding of T2DM for the benefit of our patients as endocrine experts.

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Original Article

Drug/Regimen
A Real-World Study of Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Lobeglitazone in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Bo-Yeon Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Suk Kyeong Kim, Jung-Hyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Hyeong-Kyu Park, Kee-Ho Song, Jong Chul Won, Jae Myung Yu, Mi Young Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Soo Lim, Sung Wan Chun, In-Kyung Jeong, Choon Hee Chung, Seung Jin Han, Hee-Seok Kim, Ju-Young Min, Sungrae Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(6):855-865. Published online March 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0264

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Background
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been associated with various safety concerns including weight gain, bladder cancer, and congestive heart failure (CHF). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a novel TZD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real practice.
Methods
In this non-interventional, multi-center, retrospective, and observational study conducted at 15 tertiary or secondary referral hospitals in Korea, a total of 2,228 patients with T2DM who received lobeglitazone 0.5 mg for more than 1 year were enrolled.
Results
Overall adverse events (AEs) occurred in 381 patients (17.10%) including edema in 1.97% (n=44). Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were identified in 0.81% (n=18) and 0.81% (n=18), respectively. One case of CHF was reported as an AE. Edema occurred in 1.97% (n=44) of patients. Hypoglycemia occurred in 2.47% (n=55) of patients. Fracture occurred in 1.17% (n=26) of all patients. Lobeglitazone significantly decreased HbA1c level, resulting in a mean treatment difference of -1.05%± 1.35% (P<0.001), and decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, it increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, regardless of statin administration. The patients who received lobeglitazone 0.5 mg showed an apparent reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline during the first 6 months of treatment. The HbA1c levels remained stable between months 6 and 42.
Conclusion
Lobeglitazone has long-term safety profile, good glycemic-lowering effect and long-term durability of glycemic control in real-world clinical settings.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone, a new Thiazolidinedione, as compared to the standard of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Will lobeglitazone rival pioglitazone? A systematic review and critical appraisal
Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Awadhesh Kumar Singh
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Lobeglitazone

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Balamurugan M, Sarumathy S, Robinson R
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Brief Report

Drug/Regimen
Long-Term Glycaemic Durability of Early Combination Therapy Strategy versus Metformin Monotherapy in Korean Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Soon-Jib Yoo, Sang-Ah Chang, Tae Seo Sohn, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jong Min Lee, Sungdae Moon, Pieter Proot, Päivi M Paldánius, Kun Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):954-959. Published online November 12, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0173

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We assessed the glycaemic durability with early combination (EC; vildagliptin+metformin [MET], n=22) versus MET monotherapy (n=17), among newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) enrolled (between 2012 and 2014) in the VERIFY study from Korea (n=39). Primary endpoint was time to initial treatment failure (TF) (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.0% at two consecutive scheduled visits after randomization [end of period 1]). Time to second TF was assessed when both groups were receiving and failing on the combination (end of period 2). With EC the risk of initial TF significantly reduced by 78% compared to MET (n=3 [15%] vs. n=10 [58.7%], P=0.0228). No secondary TF occurred in EC group versus five patients (29.4%) in MET. Patients receiving EC treatment achieved consistently lower HbA1c levels. Both treatment approaches were well tolerated with no hypoglycaemic events. In Korean patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, EC treatment significantly and consistently improved the long-term glycaemic durability as compared with MET.

Citations

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Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Ji-Yeon Park, Joonyub Lee, Yoon-Hee Choi, Kyung Wan Min, Kyung Ah Han, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Soo Lim, Young-Hyun Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Kyung Mook Choi, Kun-Ho Yoon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 915. CrossRef
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, YoonJu Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Hae J
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 575. CrossRef
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim,
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 461. CrossRef

Original Article

Drug/Regimen
Effect of Dapagliflozin as an Add-on Therapy to Insulin on the Glycemic Variability in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DIVE): A Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Study: Seung-Hwan Lee, Kyung-Wan Min, Byung-Wan Lee, In-Kyung Jeong, Soon-Jib Yoo, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Yoon-Hee Choi, Kun-Ho Yoon; Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(3):339-348. Published online May 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0203

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Background

Glycemic variability is associated with the development of diabetic complications and hypoglycemia. However, the effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on glycemic variability is controversial. We aimed to examine the effect of dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy to insulin on the glycemic variability assessed using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

In this multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study, 84 subjects received 10 mg of dapagliflozin (n=41) or the placebo (n=43) for 12 weeks. CGM was performed before and after treatment to compare the changes in glycemic variability measures (standard deviation [SD], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGEs]).

Results

At week 12, significant reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin (−0.74%±0.66% vs. 0.01%±0.65%, P<0.001), glycated albumin (−3.94%±2.55% vs. −0.67%±2.48%, P<0.001), and CGM-derived mean glucose (−41.6±39.2 mg/dL vs. 1.1±46.2 mg/dL, P<0.001) levels were observed in the dapagliflozin group compared with the placebo group. SD and MAGE were significantly decreased in the dapagliflozin group, but not in the placebo group. However, the difference in ΔSD and ΔMAGE failed to reach statistical significance between two groups. No significant differences in the incidence of safety endpoints were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion

Dapagliflozin effectively decreased glucose levels, but not glucose variability, after 12 weeks of treatment in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin treatment. The role of SGLT2 inhibitors in glycemic variability warrants further investigations.

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Donald C Simonson, Marcia A Testa, Ella Ekholm, Maxwell Su, Tina Vilsbøll, Serge A Jabbour, Marcus Lind
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of empagliflozin on insulin needs in patients with heart failure and diabetes: An EMPEROR‐Pooled analysis
Khawaja M. Talha, Jennifer Green, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stuart Pocock, Faiez Zannad, Martina Brueckmann, Elke Schueler, Anne Pernille Ofstad, João Pedro Ferreira, Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Julio Rosenstock, Milton Packer
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Review

Guideline/Fact Sheet
Metformin Treatment for Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement: Kyu Yeon Hur, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung Hyun Ko, Miyeun Han, Dong Won Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(1):3-10. Published online February 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0004

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The safety of metformin use for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and advanced kidney disease is controversial, and more recent guidelines have suggested that metformin be used cautiously in this group until more definitive evidence concerning its safety is available. The Korean Diabetes Association and the Korean Society of Nephrology have agreed on consensus statements concerning metformin use for patients with T2DM and renal dysfunction, particularly when these patients undergo imaging studies using iodinated contrast media (ICM). Metformin can be used safely when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m². If the eGFR is between 30 and 44 mL/min/1.73 m², metformin treatment should not be started. If metformin is already in use, a daily dose of ≤1,000 mg is recommended. Metformin is contraindicated when the eGFR is <30 mL/min/1.73 m². Renal function should be evaluated prior to any ICM-related procedures. During procedures involving intravenous administration of ICM, metformin should be discontinued starting the day of the procedures and up to 48 hours post-procedures if the eGFR is <60 mL/min/1.73 m².

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Original Article

Drug/Regimen
γ-Linolenic Acid versus α-Lipoic Acid for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Adults: A 12-Week, Double-Placebo, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial: Jong Chul Won, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seong-Su Moon, Sung Wan Chun, Chong Hwa Kim, Ie Byung Park, In Joo Kim, Jihyun Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Tae Sun Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(4):542-554. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0099

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Background

This study was a multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) relative to α-lipoic acid (ALA) over a 12-week treatment period in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods

This study included 100 T2DM patients between 20 and 75 years of age who had painful DPN and received either GLA (320 mg/day) and placebo or ALA (600 mg/day) and placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were mean changes in pain intensities as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the total symptom scores (TSS).

Results

Of the 100 subjects who initially participated in the study, 73 completed the 12-week treatment period. Per-protocol analyses revealed significant decreases in the mean VAS and TSS scores compared to baseline in both groups, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The treatment difference for the VAS (95% confidence interval [CI]) between the two groups was −0.65 (−1.526 to 0.213) and the upper bound of the 95% CI did not exceed the predefined noninferiority margin (δ₁=0.51). For the TSS, the treatment difference was −0.05 (−1.211 to 1.101) but the upper bound of the 95% CI crossed the noninferiority margin (δ₂=0.054). There were no serious adverse events associated with the treatments.

Conclusion

GLA treatment in patients with painful DPN was noninferior to ALA in terms of reducing pain intensity measured by the VAS over 12 weeks.

Citations

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2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
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Review

Clinical Care/Education
2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Bo-Yeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Junghyun Noh, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seok-O Park, Kyu Yeon Hur, Suk Chon, Min Kyong Moon, Nan-Hee Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, Kang-Woo Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun-Jung Rhee, SungWan Chun, Sung Hoon Yu, Dae Jung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kyong Soo Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(4):398-406. Published online August 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0137

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Abstract PDF PubReader

The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association revised and updated the 6th Clinical Practice Guidelines in 2019. Targets of glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were updated. The obese and overweight population is increasing steadily in Korea, and half of the Koreans with diabetes are obese. Evidence-based recommendations for weight-loss therapy for obesity management as treatment for hyperglycemia in T2DM were provided. In addition, evidence from large clinical studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes following the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with T2DM were incorporated into the recommendations.

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Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2023; 12(1): 12. CrossRef
Lipid Management in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis Consensus Statement
Ye Seul Yang, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Min Kyong Moon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 1. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Outcomes according to Comorbidities and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Eun-Jung Rhee, Sang Hyun Park, Hyeon Chang Kim, Byung Jin Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Seonghoon Choi, Jin Oh Na, Young Youl Hyun, Bum Joon Kim, Kyung-Do Han, In-Kyung Jeong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(1): 45. CrossRef
Impaired ketogenesis is associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Sejeong Lee, Jaehyun Bae, Doo Ri Jo, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying the Associations of Nightly Fasting Duration and Meal Timing with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Data from the 2016–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey
Junkyung Kwak, Kyeong-A Jang, Haeng-Ran Kim, Min-Sook Kang, Kyung Won Lee, Dayeon Shin
Nutrients.2023; 15(6): 1385. CrossRef
Development and Adaptability of Smartphone-based Dietary Coaching Program for Patients Undergoing Diabetes and Prediabetes with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device
Myoung Soo Kim, Jung Mi Ryu, Minkyeong Kang, Jiwon Park, Yeh Chan Ahn, Yang Seok Kim
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(1): 36. CrossRef
Glucose Control in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to Body Mass Index
Ye-lim Shin, Heesoh Yoo, Joo Young Hong, Jooeun Kim, Kyung-do Han, Kyu-Na Lee, Yang-Hyun Kim
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2023; 32(1): 55. CrossRef
Diabetes severity is strongly associated with the risk of active tuberculosis in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study with a 6-year follow-up
Ji Young Kang, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim
Respiratory Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Developing a Classification Algorithm for Prediabetes Risk Detection From Home Care Nursing Notes
Eunjoo Jeon, Aeri Kim, Jisoo Lee, Hyunsook Heo, Hana Lee, Kyungmi Woo
CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(7): 539. CrossRef
Predictive value of the Framingham steatosis index for cardiovascular risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Yun Kyung Cho, Myungjin Kim, Ye-Jee Kim, Chang Hee Jung, Woo Je Lee, Joong-Yeol Park
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A nationwide study
Gyu Bae Lee, Youn Huh, Sang Hyun Lee, Byoungduck Han, Yang-Hyun Kim, Do-Hoon Kim, Seon Mee Kim, Youn Seon Choi, Kyung Hwan Cho, Ga Eun Nam
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 29(45): 5962. CrossRef
Low fasting glucose‐to‐estimated average glucose ratio was associated with superior response to insulin degludec/aspart compared with basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Han Na Jang, Ye Seul Yang, Tae Jung Oh, Bo Kyung Koo, Seong Ok Lee, Kyong Soo Park, Hak Chul Jang, Hye Seung Jung
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2022; 13(1): 85. CrossRef
Relationship between the early initiation of insulin treatment and diabetic complications in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea: A nationwide cohort study
Ha‐Lim Jeon, Won Kim, Bongseong Kim, Ju‐Young Shin
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2022; 13(5): 830. CrossRef
Relationship of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index with Subclinical White Matter Hypersensitivities of Presumed Vascular Origin Among Community-Dwelling Koreans
Dong-Hyuk Jung, Byoungjin Park, Yong-Jae Lee
International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 603. CrossRef
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its association with metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: A cross sectional study
Shaimaa B. Almatrafi, El-Sayed H. Bakr, Asem A. Almatrafi, Manal M. Altayeb
Human Nutrition & Metabolism.2022; 27: 200138. CrossRef
Retinal Vascular Caliber Changes in Early Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy
Jeong Woo Park, Jeong Hun Bae, Su Jeong Song, Joon Mo Kim
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.2022; 63(1): 20. CrossRef
Renal Tubular Damage Marker, Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase, as a Predictive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hae Kyung Kim, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Byung-Wan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(1): 104. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Self-Titration Algorithms of Insulin Glargine 300 units/mL in Individuals with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (The Korean TITRATION Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jae Hyun Bae, Chang Ho Ahn, Ye Seul Yang, Sun Joon Moon, Soo Heon Kwak, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Young Min Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(1): 71. CrossRef
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor-Related Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Accuracy Verification of Operational Definition
Dong Yoon Kang, Hyunah Kim, SooJeong Ko, HyungMin Kim, Jiwon Shinn, Min-Gyu Kang, Sun-ju Byeon, Jeong-Hee Choi, Soo-Yong Shin, Hun-Sung Kim
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Relationship between the dynamics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident diabetes mellitus
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Position of Sulfonylureas in the Current ERA: Review of National and International Guidelines
Viswanathan Mohan, Banshi Saboo, Jabbar Khader, Kirtikumar D Modi, Sushil Jindal, Subhash Kumar Wangnoo, Sugumaran Amarnath
Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes.2022; 15: 117955142210746. CrossRef
Real-world comparison of mono and dual combination therapies of metformin, sulfonylurea, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors using a common data model
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Medicine.2022; 101(8): e28823. CrossRef
Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Its Association with Risk Factors of Coronary Artery Disease and Nutrient Intake in Korean Adult Men: The 2013–2014 KNHANES
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Nutrients.2022; 14(5): 1071. CrossRef
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors do not increase the risk of fractures in real‐world clinical practice in Korea: A national observational cohort study
Kyoung Hwa Ha, Dae Jung Kim, Yong Jun Choi
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2022; 13(6): 986. CrossRef
Performance of Diabetes and Kidney Disease Screening Scores in Contemporary United States and Korean Populations
Liela Meng, Keun-Sang Kwon, Dae Jung Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Jeehyoung Kim, Abhijit V. Kshirsagar, Heejung Bang
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(2): 273. CrossRef
Integrated metagenomics and metabolomics analysis illustrates the systemic impact of the gut microbiota on host metabolism after bariatric surgery
Yeyoung Han, Gihyeon Kim, Eunyong Ahn, Sunhee Jung, Youngae Jung, Yunjae Kim, Eunyoung Ha, Yoonseok Heo, Do Hyun Ryu, Hansoo Park, Geum‐Sook Hwang
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(7): 1224. CrossRef
The use of complex marketing analysis and QSPR methodology for the necessity of a drug development grounding for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with increased bioavailability
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Pharmacia.2022; 69(2): 303. CrossRef
Comparative Study of Ex Vivo Antiplatelet Activity of Aspirin and Cilostazol in Patients with Diabetes and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Sangmo Hong, Woo Je Lee, Cheol-Young Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(2): 233. CrossRef
Long-term effect of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori on the hemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetes or prediabetes patients
Won Seok Kim, Yonghoon Choi, Nayoung Kim, Seon Hee Lim, Gitark Noh, Ki Wook Kim, Jaehyung Park, Hyeongho Jo, Hyuk Yoon, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee
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Novel Glycemic Index Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Predict Poor Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Study
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Understanding and Utilizing Claim Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) Database for Research
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Association of the atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular risk beyond the traditional risk factors: a nationwide population-based cohort study
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Current Status of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Target Achievement in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea Compared with Recent Guidelines
Soo Jin Yun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jin-Hye Cha, Juneyoung Lee, Ho Chan Cho, Sung Hee Choi, SungWan Chun, Hyun Jeong Jeon, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Gwanpyo Koh, Su Kyoung Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Min Kyong Moon, Junghyun Noh, Cheol-Young Park, Sung
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Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors as an Add-on Therapy to Metformin Plus Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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Factors Influencing the Utilization of Diabetes Complication Tests Under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Approach
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Effects of exercise initiation and smoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus on risk of mortality and cardiovascular outcomes
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Improvement in Age at Mortality and Changes in Causes of Death in the Population with Diabetes: An Analysis of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Statistical Information Service, 2006 to 2018
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 466. CrossRef
Analysis of Continuity of Care and Its Related Factors in Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Development of Various Diabetes Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Techniques
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 650. CrossRef
A causal relationship between alcohol intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
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Early glycaemic variability increases 28-day mortality and prolongs intensive care unit stay in critically ill patients with pneumonia
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Association of the Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity with Cardio-Vascular Disease Outcomes among Men and Women Aged 40–69 Years in the Korean Population: An 18-Year Follow-Up Report on the Ansung–Ansan Cohort in the Korean Genome Environment Study
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Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(10): 1611. CrossRef
Perfluorinated compounds in adults and their association with fasting glucose and incident diabetes: a prospective cohort study
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Environmental Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Differences in health behavior and nutrient intake status between diabetes-aware and unaware Korean adults based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016–18 data: A cross-sectional study
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Improving Machine Learning Diabetes Prediction Models for the Utmost Clinical Effectiveness
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Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(11): 1899. CrossRef
Does Pitavastatin Therapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia Affect Serum Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Sensitivity?
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Comparative Efficacy of Lobeglitazone Versus Pioglitazone on Albuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly Dulaglutide in East Asian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Subgroup Analysis by Potential Influential Factors
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Early combination versus initial metformin monotherapy in the management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: AnEast Asianperspective
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Effectiveness and safety of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population‐based study
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Glucodynamics and glucocracy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: clinical evidence and practice-based opinion on modern sulfonylurea use, from an International Expert Group (South Asia, Middle East & Africa) via modified Delphi method
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The association between lipoprotein (a) and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes without pre-existing cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study
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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 171: 108622. CrossRef
Glycaemic control with add‐on thiazolidinedione or a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes after the failure of an oral triple antidiabetic regimen: A 24‐week, randomized controlled trial
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2021; 23(2): 609. CrossRef
Effect of Tai Chi on Quality of Life, Body Mass Index, and Waist-Hip Ratio in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Severe hypoglycemia as a preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(2): 263. CrossRef
Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2020: An Appraisal of Current Status
Chan-Hee Jung, Jang Won Son, Shinae Kang, Won Jun Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Mihae Seo, Hye-Jung Shin, Seong-Su Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Yongin Cho, Seung Jin Han, Hyang Mi Jang, Mira Rho, Shinbi Lee, Mihyun Koo, Been Yoo, Jung-Wha Moon, Hye Young Lee, Ja
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Estimation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor–related genital and urinary tract infections via electronic medical record–based common data model
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2021; 46(4): 975. CrossRef
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Two Formulations of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Gemigliptin/Rosuvastatin 50/20 mg: A Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Two-Way Crossover Study
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Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2021; Volume 15: 651. CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes
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Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term HbA1c variability and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Han Ul Kim, Sung Pyo Park, Yong-Kyu Kim
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Impaired fasting glucose levels in overweight or obese subjects for screening of type 2 diabetes in Korea
Jin-Hee Lee, Suk Chon, Seon-Ah Cha, Sun-Young Lim, Kook-Rye Kim, Jae-Seung Yun, Sang Youl Rhee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yu-Bae Ahn, Jeong-Taek Woo, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(2): 382. CrossRef
Simple Sugar Intake in Diabetics and Non-Diabetic Patients Who Visit Primary Care Clinic
Seo Young Park, Geun Bae Moon, Young Sik Kim, Seung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2021; 11(1): 29. CrossRef
Effect of Teneligliptin versus Sulfonylurea on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study in Korea
Da Hea Seo, Kyoung Hwa Ha, So Hun Kim, Dae Jung Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 70. CrossRef
Best Achievements in Clinical Medicine in Diabetes and Dyslipidemia in 2020
Eun-Jung Rhee, Mee-Kyung Kim, Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(1): 41. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control Amongst Rural Residents with Diabetes in Korea
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Healthcare.2021; 9(4): 391. CrossRef
Diabetes and Stroke
Junghyun Noh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(1): 26. CrossRef
Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Korea
Hyeon Chang Kim
Global Health & Medicine.2021; 3(3): 134. CrossRef
Cumulative exposure to impaired fasting glucose and future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Eun Sil Koh, Oak-Kee Hong, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 175: 108799. CrossRef
No Relevant Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin and Lobeglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, in Healthy Subjects
Yu Kyong Kim, Jun Gi Hwang, Min Kyu Park
Drug Design, Development and Therapy.2021; Volume 15: 1725. CrossRef
Comparative Renal Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Individual Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Jae Hyun Bae, Eun-Gee Park, Sunhee Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Seokyung Hahn, Nam Hoon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(2): 388. CrossRef
The Association Between Second-Line Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication on Types of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Real-World Longitudinal Study
Won Jun Kim, Jung Hyun Noh, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.2021; 81(3): 1263. CrossRef
Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management Using a Mobile Application Integrated with Electronic Medical Records: An Ongoing Randomized Controlled Trial
Eun-Young Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Seon-Ah Cha, Sun-Young Lim, Jin-Hee Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5300. CrossRef
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle-Containing Colorimetric Contact Lenses for Noninvasively Monitoring Human Tear Glucose
Sijin Park, Juil Hwang, Hee-Jae Jeon, Woo Ri Bae, In-Kyung Jeong, Tae Gi Kim, Jaheon Kang, Young-Geun Han, Euiheon Chung, Dong Yun Lee
ACS Applied Nano Materials.2021; 4(5): 5198. CrossRef
Low nutritional status links to the prevalence of pre-metabolic syndrome and its cluster in metabolically high-risk Korean adults
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Medicine.2021; 100(20): e25905. CrossRef
Dynamics of Serum Retinol and Alpha-Tocopherol Levels According to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Status
Dongsub Jeon, Minkook Son, Juhyun Shim
Nutrients.2021; 13(5): 1720. CrossRef
Classification and Prediction on the Effects of Nutritional Intake on Overweight/Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Deep Learning Model: 4–7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyerim Kim, Dong Hoon Lim, Yoona Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5597. CrossRef
Comparison of insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus glargine 100 U/mL on glycemic control and hypoglycemic events in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A Patient-level meta-analysis of phase 3 studies
Linong Ji, Yan Bi, Shandong Ye, Yun Huang, Xia Zhang, Shuhua Shang, Nan Cui, Huiqiu Yin, Minlu Zhang
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 176: 108848. CrossRef
Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Korea and Japan
Ahmed Arafa, Hyeok-Hee Lee, Ehab S. Eshak, Kokoro Shirai, Keyang Liu, Jiaqi Li, Naharin Sultana Anni, Sun Young Shim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Hiroyasu Iso
Korean Circulation Journal.2021; 51(8): 643. CrossRef
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Ameliorate Liver Enzyme Abnormalities in Korean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Won Euh, Soo Lim, Jin-Wook Kim
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of serum isoniazid level on treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients with slow response – A retrospective cohort study
Hyung Woo Kim, Ah Young Shin, Jick Hwan Ha, Joong Hyun Ahn, Hye Seon Kang, Ju Sang Kim
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.2021; 27(11): 1555. CrossRef
Recent Perspective of Metformin
Sangmo Hong
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(2): 85. CrossRef
Diabetes Monotherapies versus Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Awadhesh K Singh, Ritu Singh, Partha Pratim Chakraborty
International Journal of General Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 3833. CrossRef
The Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) as a Predictor of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease: A Longitudinal Study among Korean without Diabetes
Jihyun Yoon, Donghyuk Jung, Yongjae Lee, Byoungjin Park
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2021; 11(8): 742. CrossRef
Time to Reach Target Glycosylated Hemoglobin Is Associated with Long-Term Durable Glycemic Control and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year Observational Study (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:368-78)
Ja Young Jeon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 613. CrossRef
2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association
Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim,
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Time to Reach Target Glycosylated Hemoglobin Is Associated with Long-Term Durable Glycemic Control and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year Observational Study (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:368-78)
Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Jae Hyun Bae, Kyeong Jin Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim, Nam Hoon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 617. CrossRef
Cardiovascular Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors Compared to DPP4 Inhibitors and Sulfonylureas as the Second-Line of Therapy in T2DM Using Large, Real-World Clinical Data in Korea
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(4): 502. CrossRef
The Effects of Dietary Education Interventions on Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Juri Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8439. CrossRef
Treatment Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Assessed Using a Common Data Model Based on Electronic Health Records of 2000–2019
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of insulin-requiring gestational diabetes
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jeonghoon Ha, Yejee Lim, Mee Kyoung Kim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Ki-Ho Song, Seung Hyun Ko, Moo Il Kang, Sung Dae Moon, Ki-Hyun Baek
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 36(4): 895. CrossRef
Non-Laboratory-Based Simple Screening Model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Developed Using Multi-Center Cohorts
Jiwon Kim, Minyoung Lee, Soo Yeon Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Ji Sun Nam, Sung Wan Chun, Se Eun Park, Kwang Joon Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Joo Young Nam, Eun Seok Kang
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Original Articles

Drug/Regimen
Efficacy and Safety of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients Treated with Statins for Residual Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial: Ji Eun Jun, In-Kyung Jeong, Jae Myung Yu, Sung Rae Kim, In Kye Lee, Kyung-Ah Han, Sung Hee Choi, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hyeong Kyu Park, Ji-Oh Mok, Yong-ho Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, So Hun Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sang Ah Lee, Chang Beom Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Sung-Ho Her, Won Yong Shin, Mi-Seung Shin, Hyo-Suk Ahn, Seung Ho Kang, Jin-Man Cho, Sang-Ho Jo, Tae-Joon Cha, Seok Yeon Kim, Kyung Heon Won, Dong-Bin Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Moon-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(1):78-90. Published online June 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0265

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader

Background

Cardiovascular risk remains increased despite optimal low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level induced by intensive statin therapy. Therefore, recent guidelines recommend non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as a secondary target for preventing cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3-FAs) in combination with atorvastatin compared to atorvastatin alone in patients with mixed dyslipidemia.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, and phase III multicenter study included adults with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels ≥200 and <500 mg/dL and LDL-C levels <110 mg/dL. Eligible subjects were randomized to ATOMEGA (OM3-FAs 4,000 mg plus atorvastatin calcium 20 mg) or atorvastatin 20 mg plus placebo groups. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percent changes in TG and non-HDL-C levels from baseline at the end of treatment.

Results

After 8 weeks of treatment, the percent changes from baseline in TG (−29.8% vs. 3.6%, P<0.001) and non-HDL-C (−10.1% vs. 4.9%, P<0.001) levels were significantly greater in the ATOMEGA group (n=97) than in the atorvastatin group (n=103). Moreover, the proportion of total subjects reaching TG target of <200 mg/dL in the ATOMEGA group was significantly higher than that in the atorvastatin group (62.9% vs. 22.3%, P<0.001). The incidence of adverse events did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion

The addition of OM3-FAs to atorvastatin improved TG and non-HDL-C levels to a significant extent compared to atorvastatin alone in subjects with residual hypertriglyceridemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current trends in solving the problem of residual cardiovascular risk
N. Yu. Obedkova, A. A. Guslyakova, G. S. Mal, E. G. Obedkov
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2024; (6): 155. CrossRef
Association Between Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Continuous Dose–Response Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Tianjiao Wang, Xin Zhang, Na Zhou, Yuxuan Shen, Biao Li, Bingshu E. Chen, Xinzhi Li
Journal of the American Heart Association.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Nutraceutical support in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases
E. V. Gracheva, E. A. Starovoytova, E. S. Kulikov, N. A. Kirillova, S. V. Fedosenko, M. A. Balaganskaya, D. V. Kromka
Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology.2023; 19(3): 298. CrossRef
Effect of coadministration of omega-3 fatty acids with glimepiride on glycemic control, lipid profile, irisin, and sirtuin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized controlled trial
Rehab H. Werida, Aalaa Ramzy, Youssri Nassief Ebrahim, Maged Wasfy Helmy
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Hypertriglyceridemia: From Public Health to Molecular Nutrition Evidence
Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo, Xochitl Citlalli Olivares-Ochoa, Rocío Guadalupe Hernández-Ruiz, Iris Monserrat Llamas-Covarrubias, Saraí Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes, Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez, Barbara Vizmanos, Erika Martínez-López, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
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The effect of omega-3 fatty acids and its combination with statins on lipid profile in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yunjiao Yang, Wen Deng, Yanmei Wang, Tongyi Li, Yiding Chen, Cong Long, Qing Wen, Yue Wu, Qiu Chen
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Atorvastatin 40 mg/ω-3 Fatty Acids 4 g Fixed-dose Combination and Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients who Poorly Respond to Atorvastatin 40 mg Monotherapy: An 8-week, Multicenter, Random
Jong Shin Woo, Soon Jun Hong, Dong Hoon Cha, Kee Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Jun-Won Lee, Myung Ho Jeong, Jin-Ok Jeong, Jun-Hee Lee, Doo Soo Jeon, Eun Joo Cho, Soon Kil Kim, Jun Kwan, Chang Gyu Park, Hae Young Lee, Taek Jong Hong, Jinho Shin, Ho Joong Youn, Do
Clinical Therapeutics.2021; 43(8): 1419. CrossRef
All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death between Statins and Omega-3 Supplementation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis from 55 Randomized Controlled Trials
Jeongseon Kim, Tung Hoang, Ji-Myung Kim, So Young Bu, Jeong-Hwa Choi, Eunju Park, Seung-Min Lee, Eunmi Park, Ji Yeon Min, In Seok Lee, So Young Youn, Jee-Young Yeon
Nutrients.2020; 12(10): 3203. CrossRef

Complications
The Association between Pancreatic Steatosis and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Jee Sun Jeong, Mee Kyung Kim, Kyung Do Han, Oak Kee Hong, Ki-Hyun Baek, Ki-Ho Song, Dong Jin Chung, Jung-Min Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(5):425-432. Published online August 9, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0107

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Whether pancreatic steatosis has a local or systemic effect, like ectopic fat of other major organs, remains unknown. Data on the influence of pancreatic steatosis on microvascular complication are rare. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between pancreatic steatosis and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The attenuation of three pancreatic regions (head, body, and tail) and the spleen (S) in 186 patients with T2DM was measured using non-enhanced computed tomography imaging. We used three parameters for the assessment of pancreatic steatosis (‘P’ mean: mean attenuation of three pancreatic regions; P–S: difference between ‘P’ mean and ‘S’; P/S: the ‘P’ mean to ‘S’ ratio). The presence of DR was assessed by an expert ophthalmologist using dilated fundoscopy.

Results

The average P mean was 29.02 Hounsfield units (HU), P–S was −18.20 HU, and P/S was 0.61. The three pancreatic steatosis parameters were significantly associated with the prevalence of DR in non-obese T2DM patients. In the non-obese group, the odds ratios of P mean, P–S, and P/S for the prevalence of DR, after adjustment for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin level, were 2.449 (P=0.07), 2.639 (P=0.04), and 2.043 (P=0.02), respectively.

Conclusion

In this study, pancreatic steatosis was significantly associated with DR in non-obese patients with T2DM. Further studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between pancreatic steatosis and the development of DR.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Intra‐pancreatic fat is associated with continuous glucose monitoring metrics
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Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2024; 26(6): 2359. CrossRef
Association between Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition and Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Individuals with Newly Diagnosed T2DM
Jianliang Wang, Qingyun Cai, Xiaojuan Wu, Jiaxuan Wang, Xiaona Chang, Xiaoyu Ding, Jia Liu, Guang Wang, Muhittin Yurekli
International Journal of Endocrinology.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
The comparison of pancreatic and hepatic steatosis in healthy liver donor candidates
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Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Computed Tomography-Estimated Pancreatic Steatosis is Associated with Carotid Plaque in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from China
Pengtao Sun, Chunzhi Fan, Rengui Wang, Tongwei Chu, Xiaoli Sun, Dongxue Zhang, Xuechao Du
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 1329. CrossRef

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