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Volume 45(5); September 2021
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Special Editorial
Drug/Regimen
Article image
The History of Insulin Therapy in Korea
Jun Sung Moon, Jong Chul Won, Young Min Cho
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):623-628.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0171
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  • 1 Crossref
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  • History of insulin treatment of pediatric patients with diabetes in Korea
    Jae Hyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
    Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 26(4): 237.     CrossRef
Reviews
Drug/Regimen
Article image
A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future
Seung-Hwan Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):629-640.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0163
  • 11,392 View
  • 569 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, which has greatly changed the lives of people with diabetes and become a cornerstone of advances in medical science. A rapid bench-to-bedside application of the lifesaving pancreatic extract and its immediate commercialization was the result of a promising idea, positive drive, perseverance, and collaboration of Banting and colleagues. As one of the very few proteins isolated in a pure form at that time, insulin also played a key role in the development of important methodologies and in the beginning of various fields of modern science. Since its discovery, insulin has evolved continuously to optimize the care of people with diabetes. Since the 1980s, recombinant DNA technology has been employed to engineer insulin analogs by modifying their amino acid sequence, which has resulted in the production of insulins with various profiles that are currently used. However, unmet needs in insulin treatment still exist, and several forms of future insulins are under development. In this review, we discuss the past, present, and future of insulin, including a history of ceaseless innovations and collective intelligence. We believe that this story will be a solid foundation and an unerring guide for the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Archna Talwar, Neha Chakraborty, Manaal Zahera, Shruti Anand, Irshad Ahmad, Samra Siddiqui, Avni Nayyar, Ashanul Haque, Mohd Saeed, Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
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    Cardiology in Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice
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    Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Muco-Adhesive and Muco-Penetrative Formulations for the Oral Delivery of Insulin
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    ACS Omega.2024; 9(23): 24121.     CrossRef
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    European Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 984: 177021.     CrossRef
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    Yimeng Fang, Jiahui Ma, Pengyu Lei, Lei Wang, Junying Qu, Jing Zhao, Fan Liu, Xiaoqing Yan, Wei Wu, Libo Jin, Hao Ji, Da Sun
    Foods.2023; 12(2): 363.     CrossRef
  • Glucose-Responsive Silk Fibroin Microneedles for Transdermal Delivery of Insulin
    Guohongfang Tan, Fujian Jiang, Tianshuo Jia, Zhenzhen Qi, Tieling Xing, Subhas C. Kundu, Shenzhou Lu
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    Food Science and Human Wellness.2023; 12(6): 2001.     CrossRef
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    Orthopedic Clinics of North America.2023; 54(3): 287.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro BioTransformation (ivBT): Definitions, Opportunities, and Challenges
    Yi-Heng P. Job Zhang, Zhiguang Zhu, Chun You, Lingling Zhang, Kuanqing Liu
    Synthetic Biology and Engineering.2023; 1(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • The effect of insulin analogs in people with type 1 diabetes at increased risk of severe hypoglycemia
    Sofie Broeng-Mikkelgaard, Julie Maria Bøggild Brøsen, Peter Lommer Kristensen, Birger Thorsteinsson, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biologic Medications: An Overview of Important Therapies in Children and Adolescents
    Melissa S. Tesher
    Pediatric Annals.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Sixty-Year Research and Development of Trichosanthin, a Ribosome-Inactivating Protein
    Jia-Qi Lu, Kam-Bo Wong, Pang-Chui Shaw
    Toxins.2022; 14(3): 178.     CrossRef
  • Extra-Glycemic Effects of Anti-Diabetic Medications: Two Birds with One Stone?
    Eun-Jung Rhee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 415.     CrossRef
  • Les biothérapies en pédiatrie
    R. Duclaux-Loras, A. Belot
    Perfectionnement en Pédiatrie.2022; 5(3): 193.     CrossRef
  • Dynamic Detection of HbA1c Using a Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Tube Biosensor
    Hang Chen, Lijuan Deng, Jialin Sun, Hang Li, Xiaoping Zhu, Tong Wang, Yanfeng Jiang
    Biosensors.2022; 12(11): 916.     CrossRef
  • History, Classification, and Clinical Utility of Connected Insulin Pens
    Jothydev Kesavadev, Banshi Saboo, Rakesh Parikh, Amit Gupta, Gopika Krishnan, Mithun Bhartia, Sheryl Salis, Shashank Joshi
    International Journal of Diabetes and Technology.2022; 1(3): 104.     CrossRef
Technology/Device
Article image
Assessment of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance in Human
So Young Park, Jean-François Gautier, Suk Chon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):641-654.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0220
  • 19,181 View
  • 1,126 Download
  • 85 Web of Science
  • 23 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
The impaired insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance (or decreased insulin sensitivity) play a major role in the pathogenesis of all types of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is very important to assess the pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/ sensitivity to determine the type of DM and to plan an optimal management and prevention strategy for DM. So far, various methods and indices have been developed to assess the β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity based on static, dynamic test and calculation of their results. In fact, since the metabolism of glucose and insulin is made through a complex process related with various stimuli in several tissues, it is difficult to fully reflect the real physiology. In order to solve the theoretical and practical difficulties, research on new index is still in progress. Also, it is important to select the appropriate method and index for the purpose of use and clinical situation. This review summarized a variety of traditional methods and indices to evaluate pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance/sensitivity and introduced novel indices.

Citations

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  • Polyphenol-Rich Extract of Fermented Chili Pepper Alleviates Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Regulating INSR, PTP1B, PPAR-γ, and AMPK Pathways
    Tao Wang, Meiqi Li, Shengbao Cai, Linyan Zhou, Xiaosong Hu, Junjie Yi
    Fermentation.2023; 9(2): 84.     CrossRef
  • 2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin and chrysopanol stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 cells
    Dahae Lee, Jaekyung Kim, Sungyoul Choi, Jinwon Choi, Jin Woo Lee, Ki Sung Kang, Sang Hee Shim
    Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.2023; 83: 129186.     CrossRef
  • Insulin: A connection between pancreatic β cells and the hypothalamus
    Brenda De la Cruz Concepción, Yaccil Adilene Flores Cortez, Martha Isela Barragán Bonilla, Juan Miguel Mendoza Bello, Monica Espinoza Rojo
    World Journal of Diabetes.2023; 14(2): 76.     CrossRef
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    Wenbo Yang, Xintian Cai, Junli Hu, Wen Wen, Heizhati Mulalibieke, Xiaoguang Yao, Ling Yao, Qing Zhu, Jing Hong, Qin Luo, Shasha Liu, Nanfang Li
    Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 177.     CrossRef
  • Association between dietary patterns and biomarkers in connection with diabetes mellitus in adolescents: A systematic review
    Bernardo Paz Barboza, Camila Tureck, Liliana Paula Bricarello, Mariane de Almeida Alves, Anabelle Retondario, Amanda de Moura Souza, Ricardo Fernandes, Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
    Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2023; 33(4): 685.     CrossRef
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    Ákos Nádasdi, Viktor Gál, Tamás Masszi, Anikó Somogyi, Gábor Firneisz
    Cardiovascular Diabetology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ethnic Variability in Glucose and Insulin Response to Rice Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study
    Amena Sadiya, Vidya Jakapure, Vijay Kumar
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 993.     CrossRef
  • Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 and obesity, two adipose tissue pathologies with different inflammatory profiles
    Guillaume Treiber, Marie-Paule Gonthier, Alice Guilleux, Samir Medjane, Oriane Bonfanti, Muriel Cogne, Olivier Meilhac, Estelle Nobecourt
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    Erislandis López-Galán, Rafael Barrio-Deler, Manuel Alejandro Fernández-Fernández, Yaquelin Del Toro-Delgado, Isaac Enrique Peñuela-Puente, Miguel Enrique Sánchez-Hechavarría, Mario Eugenio Muñoz-Bustos, Gustavo Alejandro Muñoz-Bustos
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    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(9): 7898.     CrossRef
  • Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate Predicts Renal Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Juan Peng, Aimei Li, Liangqingqing Yin, Qi Yang, Jinting Pan, Bin Yi
    Journal of the Endocrine Society.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Fanny Rizki Rahmadanthi, Iman Permana Maksum
    Biology.2023; 12(6): 871.     CrossRef
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    An He, Huilin Yu, Yu Hu, Huiling Chen, Xiang Li, Jian Shen, Rongjuan Zhuang, Yi Chen, Bryan Richard Sasmita, Minghao Luo, Dingyi Lv
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    Eun Young Lee, Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Sun-Young Lim, Jin-Hee Lee, Yu-Bae Ahn, Kun-Ho Yoon, Min Kyung Hyun, Seung-Hyun Ko
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  • Acyclovir alleviates insulin resistance via activating PKM1 in diabetic mice
    Zhuozhou Hu, Jing Zhou, Liang Han, Xiangxiang Li, Chun Li, Tongyu Wu, Jingjing Liu, Wenyang Zhao, Jia Kang, Xinping Chen
    Life Sciences.2022; 304: 120725.     CrossRef
  • Identifying Glucose Metabolism Status in Nondiabetic Japanese Adults Using Machine Learning Model with Simple Questionnaire
    Tomoki Uchida, Takeshi Kanamori, Takanori Teramoto, Yuji Nonaka, Hiroki Tanaka, Satoshi Nakamura, Norihito Murayama, Rajesh Kaluri
    Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
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    Zi Chen, Jie Wen
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    Marion Lecorguillé, Fionnuala M McAuliffe, Patrick J Twomey, Karien Viljoen, John Mehegan, Cecily C Kelleher, Matthew Suderman, Catherine M Phillips
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Sulwon Lecture 2020
Pathophysiology
Article image
Rho-Kinase as a Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases
Inês Sousa-Lima, Hyun Jeong Kim, John Jones, Young-Bum Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):655-674.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0197
  • 6,999 View
  • 186 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem and the most common form of chronic liver disease, affecting 25% of the global population. Although NAFLD is closely linked with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, knowledge on its pathogenesis remains incomplete. Emerging data have underscored the importance of Rho-kinase (Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase [ROCK]) action in the maintenance of normal hepatic lipid homeostasis. In particular, pharmacological blockade of ROCK in hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells prevents the progression of liver diseases such as NAFLD and fibrosis. Moreover, mice lacking hepatic ROCK1 are protected against obesity-induced fatty liver diseases by suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Here we review the roles of ROCK as an indispensable regulator of obesity-induced fatty liver disease and highlight the key cellular pathway governing hepatic lipid accumulation, with focus on de novo lipogenesis and its impact on therapeutic potential. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic milieu linking to liver dysfunction triggered by ROCK activation may help identify new targets for treating fatty liver diseases such as NAFLD.

Citations

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  • THE ROLE OF N6-METHYLADENOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASE RBM15 IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
    Shiqing Li, Shengyi Lian, Wei Cheng, Tao Zhang, Xiaobing Gong
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    Fares E.M. Ali, Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim, Emad H.M. Hassanein, Mostafa K. Abd El-Aziz, Hanan S. Althagafy, Khalid S.A. Badran
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    Lei Wei, Jianjian Shi
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Original Articles
Drug/Regimen
Article image
Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study
Jun Sung Moon, Sunghwan Suh, Sang Soo Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Jeong Mi Kim, Min Hee Jang, Kyung Ae Lee, Ju Hyung Lee, Seung Min Chung, Young Sang Lyu, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jung Eun Jang, Tae Nyun Kim, Sung Woo Kim, Eonju Jeon, Nan Hee Cho, Mi-Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Jin Ook Chung, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Chang Won Lee, Young Il Kim, Dong Jin Chung, Kyu Chang Won, In Joo Kim, Tae Sun Park, Duk Kyu Kim, Hosang Shon
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):675-683.   Published online August 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0107
  • 36,984 View
  • 391 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background

Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated.

Results

In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, −1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy.

Conclusion

This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.

Citations

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    Minyoung Lee, Woo‐je Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Byung‐Wan Lee
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    Soree Ryang, Sang Soo Kim, Ji Cheol Bae, Ji Min Han, Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Il Kim, Il Seong Nam‐Goong, Eun Sook Kim, Mi‐kyung Kim, Chang Won Lee, Soyeon Yoo, Gwanpyo Koh, Min Jeong Kwon, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2022; 24(9): 1800.     CrossRef
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    Jaehyun Bae, Ji Hye Huh, Minyoung Lee, Yong‐Ho Lee, Byung‐Wan Lee
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2021; 23(2): 609.     CrossRef
Complications
Article image
High Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease among Iranian Diabetic Adults: Using CKD-EPI and MDRD Equations for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Seyyed Saeed Moazzeni, Reyhane Hizomi Arani, Mitra Hasheminia, Maryam Tohidi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):684-697.   Published online March 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0109
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
To investigate the population based incidence rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its potential risk factors among Iranian diabetic adults during over 14 years of follow-up.
Methods
Two different equations (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI] and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD]) were applied for the calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Among a total of 1,374 diabetic Tehranian adults, 797 and 680 individuals were eligible for CKD-EPI and MDRD analyses, respectively. CKD was defined as eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors.
Results
The incidence rates (95% CI) of CKD per 1,000 person-years were 43.84 (39.49 to 48.66) and 55.80 (50.29 to 61.91) based on CKD-EPI and MDRD equations, respectively. Being older, a history of cardiovascular disease, and having lower levels of eGFR were significant risk factors in both equations. Moreover, in CKD-EPI, using glucose-lowering medications and hypertension, and in MDRD, female sex and fasting plasma glucose ≥10 mmol/L were also independent risk factors. Regarding the discrimination index, CKD-EPI equation showed a higher range of C-index for the predicted probability of incident CKD in the full-adjusted model, compared to MDRD equation (0.75 [0.72 to 0.77] vs. 0.69 [0.66 to 0.72]).
Conclusion
We found an incidence rate of more than 4%/year for CKD development among our Iranian diabetic population. Compared to MDRD, it can be suggested that CKD-EPI equation can be a better choice to use for prediction models of incident CKD among the Iranian diabetic populations.

Citations

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    BMC Nephrology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Chan-Young Jung, Tae-Hyun Yoo
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    BMC Nephrology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Novel biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease
    Chan-Young Jung, Tae-Hyun Yoo
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Complications
Article image
Albuminuria Is Associated with Steatosis Burden in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Hye Soon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):698-707.   Published online February 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0118
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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
This study aimed to investigate the association between hepatic steatosis burden and albuminuria in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Methods
We recruited 100 patients with both T2DM and NAFLD, but without chronic kidney disease. Albuminuria was defined as a spot urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g. Transient elastography was performed, and the steatosis burden was quantified by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) with significant steatosis defined as CAP >302 dB/m.
Results
The prevalence of significant steatosis and albuminuria was 56.0% and 21.0%, respectively. Subjects with significant steatosis were significantly younger and had a significantly shorter duration of T2DM, greater waist circumference, and higher body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, than subjects without severe NAFLD (all P<0.05). Albuminuria was higher in patients with significant steatosis than in patients without significant steatosis (32.1% vs. 6.8%, P=0.002). Urinary ACR showed a correlation with CAP (r=0.331, P=0.001), and multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between a high degree of albuminuria and high CAP value (r=0.321, P=0.001). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independent association between urinary ACR and significant steatosis after adjustment for confounding factors including age, body mass index, duration of T2DM, low density lipoprotein level, and renin-angiotensin system blocker use (odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 2.71; P=0.001).
Conclusion
T2DM patients with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of albuminuria, which correlated with their steatosis burden.

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  • Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass to Visceral Fat Area Ratio Predicts Hepatic Morbidities
    Eugene Han, Yong-ho Lee, Sang Hoon Ahn, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung Up Kim, Byung-Wan Lee
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(3): 509.     CrossRef
  • A Novel Anthropometric Parameter, Weight-Adjusted Waist Index Represents Sarcopenic Obesity in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    Min Jeong Park, Soon Young Hwang, Nam Hoon Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Hye Jin Yoo
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2023; 32(2): 130.     CrossRef
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    Jaehyun Bae, Byung-Wan Lee
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(7): 1928.     CrossRef
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia is associated with the risk of albuminuria independent of insulin resistance, and obesity
    Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Seung-Soon Im, Byoung Kuk Jang, Hye Soon Kim
    Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2022; 36(8): 108253.     CrossRef
  • Development and implementation of patient-level prediction models of end-stage renal disease for type 2 diabetes patients using fast healthcare interoperability resources
    San Wang, Jieun Han, Se Young Jung, Tae Jung Oh, Sen Yao, Sanghee Lim, Hee Hwang, Ho-Young Lee, Haeun Lee
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Beyond Liver Disease: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Kidney Disease
    Eugene Han
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 564.     CrossRef
  • Muscle fat contents rather than muscle mass determines nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in patients with severe obesity
    Eugene Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Won Lee, Seungwan Ryu, Hye Soon Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang, Youngsung Suh
    Obesity.2022; 30(12): 2440.     CrossRef
  • Decreased Serum Osteocalcin is an Independent Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
    Yu-Jie Wang, Chun-Hua Jin, Jiang-Feng Ke, Jun-Wei Wang, Yi-Lin Ma, Jun-Xi Lu, Mei-Fang Li, Lian-Xi Li
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 3717.     CrossRef
  • Albuminuria Is Associated with Steatosis Burden in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:698-707)
    Eugene Han, Hye Soon Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(6): 972.     CrossRef
  • Albuminuria Is Associated with Steatosis Burden in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:698-707)
    Mi-kyung Kim
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2021; 45(6): 968.     CrossRef
  • Liver fibrosis indices are related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes
    Kyuho Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Hyen Chung Cho, Yun Kyung Lee, Chang Ho Ahn, Bo Kyung Koo, Jae Hoon Moon, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Complications
Article image
Screening Tools Based on Nomogram for Diabetic Kidney Diseases in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Ganyi Wang, Biyao Wang, Gaoxing Qiao, Hao Lou, Fei Xu, Zhan Chen, Shiwei Chen
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):708-718.   Published online April 13, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0117
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The influencing factors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were explored to develop and validate a DKD diagnostic tool based on nomogram approach for patients with T2DM.
Methods
A total of 2,163 in-hospital patients with diabetes diagnosed from March 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled. Specified logistic regression models were used to screen the factors and establish four different diagnostic tools based on nomogram according to the final included variables. Discrimination and calibration were used to assess the performance of screening tools.
Results
Among the 2,163 participants with diabetes (1,227 men and 949 women), 313 patients (194 men and 120 women) were diagnosed with DKD. Four different screening equations (full model, laboratory-based model 1 [LBM1], laboratory-based model 2 [LBM2], and simplified model) showed good discriminations and calibrations. The C-indexes were 0.8450 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8202 to 0.8690) for full model, 0.8149 (95% CI, 0.7892 to 0.8405) for LBM1, 0.8171 (95% CI, 0.7912 to 0.8430) for LBM2, and 0.8083 (95% CI, 0.7824 to 0.8342) for simplified model. According to Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, good agreement between the predicted and observed DKD events in patients with diabetes was observed for full model (χ2=3.2756, P=0.9159), LBM1 (χ2=7.749, P=0.4584), LBM2 (χ2=10.023, P=0.2634), and simplified model (χ2=12.294, P=0.1387).
Conclusion
LBM1, LBM2, and simplified model exhibited excellent predictive performance and availability and could be recommended for screening DKD cases among Chinese patients with diabetes.

Citations

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  • Developing screening tools to estimate the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Xu Cao, Xiaomei Pei
    Technology and Health Care.2024; 32(3): 1807.     CrossRef
  • Development of Serum Lactate Level-Based Nomograms for Predicting Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
    Chunxia Jiang, Xiumei Ma, Jiao Chen, Yan Zeng, Man Guo, Xiaozhen Tan, Yuping Wang, Peng Wang, Pijun Yan, Yi Lei, Yang Long, Betty Yuen Kwan Law, Yong Xu
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 1051.     CrossRef
  • Two-Dimensional Ultrasound-Based Radiomics Nomogram for Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study
    Xingyue Huang, Yugang Hu, Yao Zhang, Qing Zhou
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    Tao Li, Tian ci Liu, Na Liu, Man Zhang
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  • Development and validation of a novel nomogram to predict diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus and proteinuric kidney disease
    Hui Zhuan Tan, Jason Chon Jun Choo, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Yok Mooi Chin, Choong Meng Chan, Chieh Suai Tan, Keng Thye Woo, Jia Liang Kwek
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    Nakib Hayat Chowdhury, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Sawal Hamid Md Ali, Shamim Ahmad, María Liz Crespo, Andrés Cicuttin, Fahmida Haque, Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar, Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan
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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Longitudinal Change in Myocardial Function and Clinical Parameters in Middle-Aged Subjects: A 3-Year Follow-up Study
Dong-Hyuk Cho, Hyung Joon Joo, Mi-Na Kim, Hee-Dong Kim, Do-Sun Lim, Seong-Mi Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):719-729.   Published online June 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0132
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   ePub   
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with the aging process. However, changes in metabolic conditions and cardiac function that occur in middle aged population remain unclear. We evaluated longitudinal changes in metabolic parameters and cardiac function during a 3-year period in subjects with suspected MetS.
Methods
We studied 191 participants with suspected MetS at baseline and after 3 years. Anthropometric parameters, including waist circumference (WC), and metabolic parameters, including fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured. Conventional echocardiography with two-dimensional speckle tracking was performed.
Results
Mean age was 56.2±4.4 years, and there were 97 women (50.8%). Men had increased WC and triglycerides (TG) (WC 91.2±6.8 cm vs. 84.0±8.0 cm, P<0.001; TG 184.4±116.3 mg/dL vs. 128.2±53.6 mg/dL, P<0.001), and reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) (–15.4%±2.1% vs. –17.1%±2.0%, P<0.001) compared to women. After 3.4 years, values of WC and TG did not change in men but increased in women (all P<0.05). The absolute value of left ventricular (LV) GLS did not change in men but was reduced in women (P=0.011). Change in TG was independently associated with worsening of LV GLS only in women (standardized β, –0.309; 95% confidence interval, –0.130 to –0.009; P=0.025).
Conclusion
In middle aged population, a vulnerable period for metabolic disturbance, cardiac remodeling tended to progress, which was prominent in women. Progression of adiposity and dyslipidemia after menopause may accelerate subclinical cardiac remodeling in middle-aged women. Lifestyle modification and medical interventions may help prevent further cardiac dysfunction in these subjects.

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  • Positive additive interaction effects of age, sex, obesity, and metabolic syndrome on left ventricular dysfunction
    Dan Zhou, Zhongwen Ye, Zhiqiang Nie, Chaolei Chen, Songyuan Luo, Mengqi Yan, Jiabin Wang, Yingqing Feng
    Journal of Diabetes.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dong-Hyuk Cho, Seong-Mi Park
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(3): 373.     CrossRef
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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Maternal Hyperglycemia during Pregnancy Increases Adiposity of Offspring
Hye Rim Chung, Joon Ho Moon, Jung Sub Lim, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Joon-Seok Hong, Soo Heon Kwak, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):730-738.   Published online February 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0154
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
The effect of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fat mass and regional fat proportion of the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (OGDM) remains to be determined.
Methods
The body composition of OGDM (n=25) and offspring of normoglycemic mothers (n=49) was compared using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry at age 5 years. The relationship between maternal glucose concentration during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and regional fat mass or proportion was analyzed after adjusting for maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI).
Results
BMI was comparable between OGDM and control (median, 16.0 kg/m2 vs. 16.1 kg/m2 ). Total, truncal, and leg fat mass were higher in OGDM compared with control (3,769 g vs. 2,245 g, P=0.004; 1,289 g vs. 870 g, P=0.017; 1,638 g vs. 961 g, P=0.002, respectively), whereas total lean mass was lower in OGDM (15,688 g vs. 16,941 g, P=0.001). Among OGDM, total and truncal fat mass were correlated with fasting and 3-hour glucose concentrations of maternal 100 g OGTT during pregnancy (total fat mass, r=0.49, P=0.018 [fasting], r=0.473, P=0.023 [3-hour]; truncal fat mass, r=0.571, P=0.004 [fasting], r=0.558, P=0.006 [3-hour]), but there was no correlation between OGDM leg fat mass and maternal OGTT during pregnancy. Regional fat indices were not correlated with concurrent maternal 75 g OGTT values.
Conclusion
Intrauterine hyperglycemia is associated with increased fat mass, especially truncal fat, in OGDM aged 5 years.

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  • Advances in free fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes mellitus
    Haoyi Du, Danyang Li, Laura Monjowa Molive, Na Wu
    Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
    Jun Sung Moon, Shinae Kang, Jong Han Choi, Kyung Ae Lee, Joon Ho Moon, Suk Chon, Dae Jung Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Ji A Seo, Mee Kyoung Kim, Jeong Hyun Lim, Yoon Ju Song, Ye Seul Yang, Jae Hyeon Kim, You-Bin Lee, Junghyun Noh, Kyu Yeon Hur, Jong Suk Park, Sang
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    Tejumola Apata, Dennis Samuel, Laticia Valle, Sarah D. Crimmins
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Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Magnetic Resonance-Based Assessments Better Capture Pathophysiologic Profiles and Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Seung Joon Choi, Seong Min Kim, Yun Soo Kim, Oh Sang Kwon, Seung Kak Shin, Kyoung Kon Kim, Kiyoung Lee, Ie Byung Park, Cheol Soo Choi, Dong Hae Chung, Jaehun Jung, MunYoung Paek, Dae Ho Lee
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):739-752.   Published online October 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0137
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Several noninvasive tools are available for the assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including clinical and blood biomarkers, transient elastography (TE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR)-based examinations better discriminate the pathophysiologic features and fibrosis progression in NAFLD than other noninvasive methods.
Methods
A total of 133 subjects (31 healthy volunteers and 102 patients with NAFLD) were subjected to clinical and noninvasive NAFLD evaluation, with additional liver biopsy in some patients (n=54).
Results
MRI-PDFF correlated far better with hepatic fat measured by MR spectroscopy (r=0.978, P<0.001) than with the TE controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (r=0.727, P<0.001). In addition, MRI-PDFF showed stronger correlations with various pathophysiologic parameters for cellular injury, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation, than the TE-CAP. The MRI-PDFF and TE-CAP cutoff levels associated with abnormal elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase were 9.9% and 270 dB/m, respectively. The MRE liver stiffness measurement (LSM) showed stronger correlations with liver enzymes, platelets, complement component 3, several clinical fibrosis scores, and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score than the TE-LSM. In an analysis of only biopsied patients, MRE performed better in discriminating advanced fibrosis with a cutoff value of 3.9 kPa than the TE (cutoff 8.1 kPa) and ELF test (cutoff 9.2 kPa).
Conclusion
Our results suggest that MRI-based assessment of NAFLD is the best non-invasive tool that captures the histologic, pathophysiologic and metabolic features of the disease.

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Cardiovascular Risk/Epidemiology
Article image
Appraisal of Guidelines for the Management of Blood Pressure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: The Consensuses, Controversies and Gaps
Menghui Liu, Shaozhao Zhang, Xiaohong Chen, Yue Guo, Xiangbin Zhong, Zhenyu Xiong, Yifen Lin, Huimin Zhou, Yiquan Huang, Zhengzhipeng Zhang, Lichun Wang, Xiaodong Zhuang, Xinxue Liao
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):753-764.   Published online April 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0134
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Currently available guidelines contain conflicting recommendations on the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, it is necessary to appraise the guidelines and summarize the agreements and differences among recommendations.
Methods
Four databases and the websites of guideline organizations were searched for guidelines regarding BP targets and thresholds for pharmacologic therapy in DM patients, and the included guidelines were appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.
Results
In 6,498 records identified, 20 guidelines met our inclusion criteria with 64.0% AGREE II scores (interquartile range, 48.5% to 72.0%). The scores of the European and American guidelines were superior to those of the Asian guidelines (both adjusted P<0.001). Most of the guidelines advocated systolic BP targets <130 mm Hg (12 guidelines, 60%) and diastolic BP targets <80 mm Hg (14 guidelines, 70%) in DM patients. Approximately half of the guidelines supported systolic BP thresholds >140 mm Hg (10 guidelines, 50%) and diastolic BP thresholds >90 mm Hg (nine guidelines, 45%). The tiny minority of the guidelines provided the relevant recommendations regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)/home BP monitoring (HBPM) targets and thresholds in DM patients.
Conclusion
The lower official BP targets (<130/80 mm Hg) in patients with DM are advocated by most of the guidelines, but they contain conflicting recommendations on the official BP thresholds. Moreover, the gaps regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ABPM/HBPM targets and thresholds need to be considered by future study.
COVID-19
Article image
Effects of Social Distancing on Diabetes Management in Older Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic
Soo Myoung Shin, Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):765-772.   Published online August 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0096
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
On March 22, 2020, intense social distancing (SD) was implemented in Korea to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This study examined the impact of SD on diabetes control in older adults with diabetes.
Methods
Adults aged 60 to 90 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were physically and mentally independent were recruited. Participants who had complete blood chemistry data from April to July 2019 (pre-SD era) and April to July 2020 (SD era) were enrolled. Data were obtained about physical activity, nutrition, sarcopenia, and psychological and mental health from questionnaires in April to July 2020. Calf circumference was measured.
Results
In total, 246 people (100 men, 146 women; mean age, 73.8±5.7 years) participated in this study. The levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, 7.4%±1.0% vs. 7.1%±0.8%, P<0.001), fasting glucose (142.2±16.7 mg/dL vs. 132.0±27.7 mg/dL, P<0.001), and body weight (62.6±9.4 kg vs. 61.8±10.1 kg, P<0.01) were higher in the SD era than in the pre-SD era. Total physical activity was lower in the SD era (2,584.6±2,624.1 MET-min/week–1 vs. 1,987.3±2,295.0 MET-min/week–1, P<0.001). A larger increase in HbA1c level was associated with increased body weight and decreased physical activity.
Conclusion
SD had negative effects on diabetes management in older adults with diabetes. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and body weight increased during the SD era. Participants with reduced physical activity gained more weight and had higher blood glucose levels. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, health professionals and diabetes educators should monitor changes in lifestyle factors in older adults with diabetes.

Citations

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Basic Research
Article image
The Effects of Exercise and Restriction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Muscle Function and Autophagy Regulation in High-Fat High-Sucrose-Fed Obesity Mice
Didi Zhang, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyung Eun Shin, Seong Eun Kwak, Jun Hyun Bae, Liang Tang, Wook Song
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):773-786.   Published online March 25, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0157
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  • 6 Web of Science
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Autophagy maintains muscle mass and healthy skeletal muscles. Several recent studies have associated sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with diseases. We investigated whether muscle dysfunction due to obesity could be restored by SSB restriction (SR) alone or in combination with exercise (EX) training.
Methods
Obese mice were subjected to SR combined with treadmill EX. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, grip strength test, hanging time test, and body composition analysis were performed. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) serum concentrations and TG concentrations in quadriceps muscles were analyzed. Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction helped analyze autophagy-related protein and mRNA expression, respectively.
Results
SR alone had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and muscle function. However, it had effect on serum TC, serum TG, and BCL2 interacting protein 3 expression. SR+EX improved glucose tolerance and muscle function and increased serum TC utilization than SR alone. SR+EX reduced P62 levels, increased glucose transporter type 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein expression, and improved grip strength relative to the high-fat and high-sucrose liquid (HFHS) group, and this was not observed in the HFHS+EX group.
Conclusion
SR induced mitophagy-related protein expression in quadriceps, without affecting muscle function. And, the combination of SR and EX activated mitophagy-related proteins and improved muscle function.

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Letter
Clinical Impact of Dysglycemia in Patients with an Acute Myocardial Infarction (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:270-4)
Bo-Yeon Kim
Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(5):787-788.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0061
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