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Sung Soo Chung  (Chung SS) 4 Articles
Basic Research
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Role of SUMO-Specific Protease 2 in Leptin-Induced Fatty Acid Metabolism in White Adipocytes
Praise Chanmee Kim, Ji Seon Lee, Sung Soo Chung, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):382-393.   Published online March 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0156
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader   ePub   
Background
Leptin is a 16-kDa fat-derived hormone with a primary role in controlling adipose tissue levels. Leptin increases fatty acid oxidation (FAO) acutely through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and on delay through the SUMO-specific protease 2 (SENP2)–peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ/γ (PPARδ/γ) pathway in skeletal muscle. Leptin also directly increases FAO and decreases lipogenesis in adipocytes; however, the mechanism behind these effects remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of SENP2 in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism by leptin in adipocytes and white adipose tissues.
Methods
The effects of leptin mediated by SENP2 on fatty acid metabolism were tested by siRNA-mediated knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The role of SENP2 was confirmed in vivo using adipocyte-specific Senp2 knockout (Senp2-aKO) mice. We revealed the molecular mechanism involved in the leptin-induced transcriptional regulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b) and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase 1 (Acsl1) using transfection/reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation.
Results
SENP2 mediated the increased expression of FAO-associated enzymes, CPT1b and ACSL1, which peaked 24 hours after leptin treatment in adipocytes. In contrast, leptin stimulated FAO through AMPK during the initial several hours after treatment. In white adipose tissues, FAO and mRNA levels of Cpt1b and Acsl1 were increased by 2-fold 24 hours after leptin injection in control mice but not in Senp2-aKO mice. Leptin increased PPARα binding to the Cpt1b and Acsl1 promoters in adipocytes through SENP2.
Conclusion
These results suggest that the SENP2-PPARα pathway plays an important role in leptin-induced FAO in white adipocytes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Intermittent cold stimulation affects energy metabolism and improves stress resistance in broiler heart
    Tingting Li, Haidong Wei, Shijie Zhang, Xiaotao Liu, Lu Xing, Yuanyuan Liu, Rixin Gong, Jianhong Li
    Poultry Science.2024; 103(1): 103190.     CrossRef
Pathophysiology
Metformin Ameliorates Lipotoxic β-Cell Dysfunction through a Concentration-Dependent Dual Mechanism of Action
Hong Il Kim, Ji Seon Lee, Byung Kook Kwak, Won Min Hwang, Min Joo Kim, Young-Bum Kim, Sung Soo Chung, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):854-866.   Published online June 27, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0179
  • 7,408 View
  • 125 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Chronic exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids contributes to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Although it is well known that metformin induces cellular energy depletion and a concomitant activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through inhibition of the respiratory chain, previous studies have shown inconsistent results with regard to the action of metformin on pancreatic β-cells. We therefore examined the effects of metformin on pancreatic β-cells under lipotoxic stress.

Methods

NIT-1 cells and mouse islets were exposed to palmitate and treated with 0.05 and 0.5 mM metformin. Cell viability, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and Rho kinase (ROCK) activities were measured. The phosphorylation of AMPK was evaluated by Western blot analysis and mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and NADPH oxidase (NOX) were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results

We found that metformin has protective effects on palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction. Metformin at a concentration of 0.05 mM inhibits NOX and suppresses the palmitate-induced elevation of ER stress markers and ROS levels in a AMPK-independent manner, whereas 0.5 mM metformin inhibits ROCK activity and activates AMPK.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the action of metformin on β-cell lipotoxicity was implemented by different molecular pathways depending on its concentration. Metformin at a usual therapeutic dose is supposed to alleviate lipotoxic β-cell dysfunction through inhibition of oxidative stress and ER stress.

Citations

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  • Metformin enhances METTL14-Mediated m6A methylation to alleviate NIT-1 cells apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide
    Si-min Zhou, Xin-ming Yao, Yi Cheng, Yu-jie Xing, Yue Sun, Qiang Hua, Shu-jun Wan, Xiang-jian Meng
    Heliyon.2024; 10(2): e24432.     CrossRef
  • Roles of m6A modification in regulating PPER pathway in cadmium-induced pancreatic β cell death
    Yifei Sun, Rongxian Li, Wenhong Li, Nan Zhang, Guofen Liu, Bo Zhao, Zongqin Mei, Shiyan Gu, Zuoshun He
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2024; 282: 116672.     CrossRef
  • Reduced Expression Level of Protein PhosphatasePPM1EServes to Maintain Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes
    Sevda Gheibi, Luis Rodrigo Cataldo, Alexander Hamilton, Mi Huang, Sebastian Kalamajski, Malin Fex, Hindrik Mulder
    Diabetes.2023; 72(4): 455.     CrossRef
  • Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate‐exposed human islets
    Quan Wen, Azazul Islam Chowdhury, Banu Aydin, Mudhir Shekha, Rasmus Stenlid, Anders Forslund, Peter Bergsten
    Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2023; 25(12): 3757.     CrossRef
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    Priyamvada Amol Arte, Kanchanlata Tungare, Mustansir Bhori, Renitta Jobby, Jyotirmoi Aich
    Human Cell.2023; 37(1): 54.     CrossRef
  • Metformin disrupts insulin secretion, causes proapoptotic and oxidative effects in rat pancreatic beta‐cells in vitro
    Maíra M.R. Valle, Eloisa Aparecida Vilas‐Boas, Camila F. Lucena, Simone A. Teixeira, Marcelo N. Muscara, Angelo R. Carpinelli
    Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Protection by metformin against severe Covid-19: An in-depth mechanistic analysis
    Nicolas Wiernsperger, Abdallah Al-Salameh, Bertrand Cariou, Jean-Daniel Lalau
    Diabetes & Metabolism.2022; 48(4): 101359.     CrossRef
  • Insight Into Rho Kinase Isoforms in Obesity and Energy Homeostasis
    Lei Wei, Jianjian Shi
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Overexpression of miR-297b-5p Promotes Metformin-Mediated Protection Against Stearic Acid-Induced Senescence by Targeting Igf1r
    Qingrui Zhao, Shenghan Su, Yuqing Lin, Xuebei Li, Lingfeng Dan, Yunjin Zhang, Chunxiao Yang, Xiaohan Li, Yimeng Dong, Chenchen Geng, Changhao Sun, Xia Chu, Huimin Lu
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Metformin Dysregulates the Unfolded Protein Response and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Endometrial Cancer Cells through an AMPK-Independent Mechanism
    Domenico Conza, Paola Mirra, Gaetano Calì, Luigi Insabato, Francesca Fiory, Francesco Beguinot, Luca Ulianich
    Cells.2021; 10(5): 1067.     CrossRef
  • NADPH Oxidase (NOX) Targeting in Diabetes: A Special Emphasis on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction
    Suma Elumalai, Udayakumar Karunakaran, Jun-Sung Moon, Kyu-Chang Won
    Cells.2021; 10(7): 1573.     CrossRef
  • Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study
    Min Ho Kim, Hyung Jung Oh, Soon Hyo Kwon, Jin Seok Jeon, Hyunjin Noh, Dong Cheol Han, Hyoungnae Kim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
    Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2021; 40(4): 660.     CrossRef
  • Different Effects of Metformin and A769662 on Sodium Iodate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Distinct Actions on Mitochondrial Fission and Respiration
    Chi-Ming Chan, Ponarulselvam Sekar, Duen-Yi Huang, Shu-Hao Hsu, Wan-Wan Lin
    Antioxidants.2020; 9(11): 1057.     CrossRef
  • Metformin Reduces Lipotoxicity-Induced Meta-Inflammation in β-Cells through the Activation of GPR40-PLC-IP3 Pathway
    Ximei Shen, Beibei Fan, Xin Hu, Liufen Luo, Yuanli Yan, Liyong Yang
    Journal of Diabetes Research.2019; 2019: 1.     CrossRef
Others
Rg3 Improves Mitochondrial Function and the Expression of Key Genes Involved in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes
Min Joo Kim, Young Do Koo, Min Kim, Soo Lim, Young Joo Park, Sung Soo Chung, Hak C. Jang, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(5):406-413.   Published online August 12, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.5.406
  • 5,564 View
  • 76 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Panax ginseng has glucose-lowering effects, some of which are associated with the improvement in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Because mitochondria play a pivotal role in the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle, we investigated the effects of the ginsenoside Rg3, one of the active components of P. ginseng, on mitochondrial function and biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes.

Methods

C2C12 myotubes were treated with Rg3 for 24 hours. Insulin signaling pathway proteins were examined by Western blot. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and the oxygen consumption rate were measured. The protein or mRNA levels of mitochondrial complexes were evaluated by Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results

Rg3 treatment to C2C12 cells activated the insulin signaling pathway proteins, insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt. Rg3 increased ATP production and the oxygen consumption rate, suggesting improved mitochondrial function. Rg3 increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor, which are transcription factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Subsequent increased expression of mitochondrial complex IV and V was also observed.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that Rg3 improves mitochondrial function and the expression of key genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to an improvement in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Rg3 may have the potential to be developed as an anti-hyperglycemic agent.

Citations

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  • Comparison of Ginseng Leaf Extract and Its Acid-Treated Form, UG0712 Between Their Effects on Exercise Performance in Mice
    Young Jin Lee, Su Hyun Yu, Gwang Yeong Seok, Su Yeon Kim, Mi Jeong Kim, Inhye Jeong, Wan Heo, Bo Su Lee, Seon Gil Do, Bok Kyung Han, Young Jun Kim
    Food Supplements and Biomaterials for Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tae Hyun Kim
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    Aeyung Kim, Sang-Min Park, No Soo Kim, Haeseung Lee
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(8): 1576.     CrossRef
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    Ryuni Kim, Jee Kim, Sang-Jin Lee, Gyu-Un Bae
    Molecular Medicine Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Beneficial Effects of Walnut Oligopeptides on Muscle Loss in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone-8 (SAMP8) Mice: Focusing on Mitochondrial Function
    Rui Fan, Yuntao Hao, Qian Du, Jiawei Kang, Meihong Xu, Yong Li
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    Na Zhu, Mei-Hong Xu, Yong Li
    Nutrients.2022; 14(24): 5289.     CrossRef
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    Qingxia Huang, Song Gao, Daqing Zhao, Xiangyan Li
    Journal of Ginseng Research.2021; 45(3): 371.     CrossRef
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    Tae-Ha Chung, Ji-Hye Kim, So-Young Seol, Yon-Ji Kim, Yong-Jae Lee
    Nutrients.2021; 13(9): 3090.     CrossRef
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    Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Effects of Sulfonylureas on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activity and on Glucose Uptake by Thiazolidinediones
Kyeong Won Lee, Yun Hyi Ku, Min Kim, Byung Yong Ahn, Sung Soo Chung, Kyong Soo Park
Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(4):340-347.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.340
  • 4,901 View
  • 42 Download
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader   
Background

Sulfonylurea primarily stimulates insulin secretion by binding to its receptor on the pancreatic β-cells. Recent studies have suggested that sulfonylureas induce insulin sensitivity through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), one of the nuclear receptors. In this study, we investigated the effects of sulfonylurea on PPARγ transcriptional activity and on the glucose uptake via PPARγ.

Methods

Transcription reporter assays using Cos7 cells were performed to determine if specific sulfonylureas stimulate PPARγ transactivation. Glimepiride, gliquidone, and glipizide (1 to 500 µM) were used as treatment, and rosiglitazone at 1 and 10 µM was used as a control. The effects of sulfonylurea and rosiglitazone treatments on the transcriptional activity of endogenous PPARγ were observed. In addition, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with rosiglitazone (10 µM), glimepiride (100 µM) or both to verify the effect of glimepiride on rosiglitazone-induced glucose uptake.

Results

Sulfonylureas, including glimepiride, gliquidone and glipizide, increased PPARγ transcriptional activity, gliquidone being the most potent PPARγ agonist. However, no additive effects were observed in the presence of rosiglitazone. When rosiglitazone was co-treated with glimepiride, PPARγ transcriptional activity and glucose uptake were reduced compared to those after treatment with rosiglitazone alone. This competitive effect of glimepiride was observed only at high concentrations that are not achieved with clinical doses.

Conclusion

Sulfonylureas like glimepiride, gliquidone and glipizide increased the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Also, glimepiride was able to reduce the effect of rosiglitazone on PPARγ agonistic activity and glucose uptake. However, the competitive effect does not seem to occur at clinically feasible concentrations.

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