Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Jun Hwa Hong (Hong JH)

6 Articles

Drug/Regimen
Pioglitazone as Add-on Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled with Dapagliflozin and Metformin: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial: Ji Hye Heo, Kyung Ah Han, Jun Hwa Hong, Hyun-Ae Seo, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Jae Myung Yu, Hye Seung Jung, Bong-Soo Cha; Diabetes Metab J. 2024;48(5):937-948. Published online February 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0314

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Background
This study assessed the efficacy and safety of triple therapy with pioglitazone 15 mg add-on versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and dapagliflozin.
Methods
In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study, patients with T2DM with an inadequate response to treatment with metformin (≥1,000 mg/day) plus dapagliflozin (10 mg/day) were randomized to receive additional pioglitazone 15 mg/day (n=125) or placebo (n=125) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from baseline to week 24 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05101135).
Results
At week 24, the adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c level compared with placebo was significantly greater with pioglitazone treatment (–0.47%; 95% confidence interval, –0.61 to –0.33; P<0.0001). A greater proportion of patients achieved HbA1c <7% or <6.5% at week 24 with pioglitazone compared to placebo as add-on to 10 mg dapagliflozin and metformin (56.8% vs. 28% for HbA1c <7%, and 23.2% vs. 9.6% for HbA1c <6.5%; P<0.0001 for all). The addition of pioglitazone also significantly improved triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels, while placebo did not. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between the groups, and the incidence of fluid retention-related side effects by pioglitazone was low (1.5%).
Conclusion
Triple therapy with the addition of 15 mg/day of pioglitazone to dapagliflozin plus metformin was well tolerated and produced significant improvements in HbA1c in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with dapagliflozin plus metformin.

Citations

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Ideal Combination of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hye Soon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(5): 882. CrossRef

Complications
Deterioration of Sleep Quality According to Glycemic Status: Myung Haeng Hur, Mi-Kyoung Lee, Kayeon Seong, Jun Hwa Hong; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(5):679-686. Published online April 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2019.0125

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Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with multiple complications. The present study aimed to determine the effects of glycemic status on sleep quality in individuals with T2DM, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods

A total of 90 participants were categorized into three groups, T2DM (n=30), prediabetes (n=30), and NGT (n=30). Objective sleep quality was measured with the actigraph wrist-worn device over 3 nights and subjective sleep quality was evaluated with a questionnaire.

Results

The duration of diabetes in the T2DM group was 2.23 years and the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the T2DM, prediabetes, and NGT groups were 7.83%, 5.80%, and 5.31%, respectively. Sleep efficiency decreased across the T2DM, prediabetes, and NGT groups (86.25%, 87.99%, and 90.22%, respectively; P=0.047). Additionally, HbA1c levels revealed a significant negative correlation with sleep efficiency (r=−0.348, P=0.001). The sleep quality questionnaire results were similar among the three groups.

Conclusion

Although the participants in the present study were not necessarily conscious of their sleep disturbances, deterioration in sleep quality progressed according to glycemic status.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations
Giuseppe Fanelli, Emanuel Raschi, Gaye Hafez, Silke Matura, Carmen Schiweck, Elisabetta Poluzzi, Carlotta Lunghi
Translational Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between insomnia (related symptoms) and glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yiming Chen, Enyu Tong, Yufeng Rao, Evan YW Yu, Maurice Zeegers, Anke Wesselius
Journal of Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The potential impact of habitual sleep quality on glycaemic control and inflammation: A study on geriatric patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Nadia Hussain, Amal Hussain Ibrahim Al Haddad, Saima Abbass, Zina Alfahl
Sleep Medicine: X.2025; 9: 100139. CrossRef
Risk factors of non communicable diseases among recently diagnosed diabetic patients in a tertiary care Hospital
Yusra Amin, Sonia Mushtaq, Rukhsana Farooq
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology.2024; 10(4): 205. CrossRef
Metabolic health tracking using Ultrahuman M1 continuous glucose monitoring platform in non- and pre-diabetic Indians: a multi-armed observational study
Monik Chaudhry, Mohit Kumar, Vatsal Singhal, Bhuvan Srinivasan
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of sleep quality and other associated factors on glycemic control among diabetic patients: A hospital-based study
Yusra Amin, Sonia Mushtaq, Rukhsana Taj, Umara Giyas, Sunil Sachadev
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology.2024; 11(1): 32. CrossRef
Interventional effects of Pueraria oral liquid on T2DM rats and metabolomics analysis
Hong-Bo Yang, Jie-Yu Song, Chan Xu, Jin Li, Chan Zhang, Sun Xie, Chun-li Teng
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 175: 116780. CrossRef
Replacing sedentary time with sleep and physical activity: associations with physical function and wellbeing in Type 2 diabetes
Alix Covenant, Thomas Yates, Alex V. Rowlands, Paddy C. Dempsey, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Andrew P. Hall, Melanie J. Davies, Joseph Henson
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 217: 111886. CrossRef
Relation between sleep quality and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients
Asmaa Ali Elsayed Ali
Frontiers of Nursing.2023; 10(1): 115. CrossRef
Heart rate variability in different sleep stages is associated with metabolic function and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Wenquan Cheng, Hongsen Chen, Leirong Tian, Zhimin Ma, Xingran Cui
Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Insomnia Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Yoo Hyun Um, Tae-Won Kim, Jong-Hyun Jeong, Seung-Chul Hong, Ho-Jun Seo, Kyung-Do Han
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Nutritional Biomarkers and Factors Correlated with Poor Sleep Status among Young Females: A Case-Control Study
Sara AL-Musharaf, Lama AlAjllan, Ghadeer Aljuraiban, Munirah AlSuhaibani, Noura Alafif, Syed Danish Hussain
Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2898. CrossRef
The impact of sleep disorders on microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (SLEEP T2D): the protocol of a cohort study and feasibility randomised control trial
Christina Antza, Ryan Ottridge, Smitaa Patel, Gemma Slinn, Sarah Tearne, Matthew Nicholls, Brendan Cooper, Asad Ali, Abd A. Tahrani
Pilot and Feasibility Studies.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Early Development of Bidirectional Associations between Sleep Disturbance and Diabetes
Yongin Cho
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(5): 668. CrossRef

Letter: The Necessity of the Simple Tests for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients without Neuropathic Symptoms in Clinical Practice (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:442-6): Jun Hwa Hong; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(6):544-545. Published online December 17, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0238

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Clinical Care/Education
Patient Understanding of Hypoglycemia in Tertiary Referral Centers: Nan Hee Cho, Nam Kyung Kim, Eugene Han, Jun Hwa Hong, Eon Ju Jeon, Jun Sung Moon, Mi Hae Seo, Ji Eun Lee, Hyun-Ae Seo, Mi-Kyung Kim, Hye Soon Kim; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(1):43-52. Published online February 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.42.1.43

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Background

Hypoglycemia is an important complication in the treatment of patients with diabetes. We surveyed the insight by patients with diabetes into hypoglycemia, their hypoglycemia avoidance behavior, and their level of worry regarding hypoglycemia.

Methods

A survey of patients with diabetes, who had visited seven tertiary referral centers in Daegu or Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, between June 2014 and June 2015, was conducted. The survey contained questions about personal history, symptoms, educational experience, self-management, and attitudes about hypoglycemia.

Results

Of 758 participants, 471 (62.1%) had experienced hypoglycemia, and 250 (32.9%) had experienced hypoglycemia at least once in the month immediately preceding the study. Two hundred and forty-two (31.8%) of the participants had received hypoglycemia education at least once, but only 148 (19.4%) knew the exact definition of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic symptoms identified by the participants were dizziness (55.0%), sweating (53.8%), and tremor (40.8%). They mostly chose candy (62.1%), chocolate (37.7%), or juice (36.8%) as food for recovering hypoglycemia. Participants who had experienced hypoglycemia had longer duration of diabetes and a higher proportion of insulin usage. The mean scores for hypoglycemia avoidance behavior and worry about hypoglycemia were 21.2±10.71 and 23.38±13.19, respectively. These scores tended to be higher for participants with higher than 8% of glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin use, and experience of emergency room visits.

Conclusion

Many patients had experienced hypoglycemia and worried about it. We recommend identifying patients that are anxious about hypoglycemia and educating them about what to do when they develop hypoglycemic symptoms, especially those who have a high risk of hypoglycemia.

Citations

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Severe Hypoglycemia Increases Dementia Risk and Related Mortality: A Nationwide, Population-based Cohort Study
Eugene Han, Kyung-do Han, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yong-ho Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(5): e1976. CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia as a preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Soo-Yeon Choi, Seung-Hyun Ko
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2021; 36(2): 263. CrossRef
Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes
Jae-Seung Yun, Yong-Moon Park, Kyungdo Han, Hyung-Wook Kim, Seon-Ah Cha, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Response: Patient Understanding of Hypoglycemia in Tertiary Referral Centers (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:43-52)
Nan Hee Cho, Hye Soon Kim
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(2): 175. CrossRef
Letter: Patient Understanding of Hypoglycemia in Tertiary Referral Centers (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:43-52)
Jae-Han Jeon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(2): 173. CrossRef

Response: GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose (Diabetes Metab J 2014;38:472-9): Jun Hwa Hong, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong; Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):84-86. Published online February 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.84

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GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose: Jun Hwa Hong, Hyo Kyun Chung, Hye Yoon Park, Kyong-Hye Joung, Ju Hee Lee, Jin Gyu Jung, Koon Soon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(6):472-479. Published online December 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.6.472

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Background

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. An elevated serum level of GDF15 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is an inflammatory disease that progresses from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Hence, we aimed to validate the relationship between GDF15 and IFG.

Methods

The participants were divided into the following three groups: NGT (n=137), IFG (n=29), and T2DM (n=75). The controls and T2DM outpatients visited the hospital for routine health check-ups. We used fasting blood glucose to detect IFG in nondiabetic patients. We checked the body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein level, metabolic parameters, and fasting serum GDF15 level.

Results

Age, BMI, triglyceride, insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GDF15 levels were elevated in the IFG and T2DM groups compared to the NGT group. In the correlation analysis between metabolic parameters and GDF15, age and HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with GDF15 levels. GDF15 significantly discriminated between IFG and NGT, independent of age, BMI, and HOMA-IR. The serum levels of GDF15 were more elevated in men than in women. As a biomarker for IFG based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of GDF15 was 510 pg/mL in males and 400 pg/mL in females.

Conclusion

GDF15 had a positive correlation with IR independent of age and BMI, and the serum level of GDF15 was increased in the IFG and T2DM groups. GDF15 may be a novel biomarker for detecting IFG in nondiabetic patients.

Citations

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Axel C. Carlsson, Christoph Nowak, Lars Lind, Carl Johan Östgren, Fredrik H. Nyström, Johan Sundström, Juan Jesus Carrero, Ulf Riserus, Erik Ingelsson, Tove Fall, Johan Ärnlöv
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Deterioration of Sleep Quality According to Glycemic Status
Myung Haeng Hur, Mi-Kyoung Lee, Kayeon Seong, Jun Hwa Hong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2020; 44(5): 679. CrossRef
Effects of plant and animal high protein diets on immune-inflammatory biomarkers: A 6-week intervention trial
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Alexander E. Berezin
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2019; 13(2): 995. CrossRef
Effect of bariatric surgery on plasma GDF15 in humans
Maximilian Kleinert, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Møller, Nils B. Jørgensen, Maria S. Svane, Christoffer Martinussen, Bente Kiens, Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski, Sten Madsbad, Erik A. Richter, Christoffer Clemmensen
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism.2019; 316(4): E615. CrossRef
Regulation of Systemic Glucose Homeostasis by T Helper Type 2 Cytokines
Yea Eun Kang, Hyun Jin Kim, Minho Shong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(5): 549. CrossRef
GDF15 reflects beta cell function in obese patients independently of the grade of impairment of glucose metabolism
M.H. Schernthaner-Reiter, B.K. Itariu, M. Krebs, M. Promintzer-Schifferl, T.M. Stulnig, A. Tura, C.H. Anderwald, M. Clodi, B. Ludvik, G. Pacini, A. Luger, G. Vila
Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2019; 29(4): 334. CrossRef
Growth differentiation factor 15: A novel biomarker with high clinical potential
Stéphanie Desmedt, Valérie Desmedt, Leen De Vos, Joris R. Delanghe, Reinhart Speeckaert, Marijn M. Speeckaert
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences.2019; 56(5): 333. CrossRef
Hepatokines—a novel group of exercise factors
Cora Weigert, Miriam Hoene, Peter Plomgaard
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology.2019; 471(3): 383. CrossRef
Association between MIC-1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Combined Analysis
Jianan Lu, Yue Zhang, Xingxuan Dong, Jiawen Lu, Chen Zhang, Jieyu Liu, Qingzhou Yu, Haoyue Teng, Qingkui Yao, Jieyun Yin, Liqiang Qin
Disease Markers.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitohormesis: a perspective on metabolic diseases
Hyon-Seung Yi, Joon Young Chang, Minho Shong
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology.2018; 61(3): R91. CrossRef
Towards frailty biomarkers: Candidates from genes and pathways regulated in aging and age-related diseases
Ana Luisa Cardoso, Adelaide Fernandes, Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Joana Ribeiro Guedes, Maria Alexandra Brito, Saida Ortolano, Giovambattista Pani, Sophia Athanasopoulou, Efstathios S. Gonos, Markus Schosserer, Johannes Grilla
Ageing Research Reviews.2018; 47: 214. CrossRef
Serum Meteorin-like protein levels decreased in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
Ju Hee Lee, Yea Eun Kang, Ji Min Kim, Sorim Choung, Kyong Hye Joung, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2018; 135: 7. CrossRef
Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts advanced fibrosis in biopsy‐proven non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Bo Kyung Koo, Sung Hee Um, Dong Soo Seo, Sae Kyung Joo, Jeong Mo Bae, Jeong Hwan Park, Mee Soo Chang, Jung Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Won‐Il Jeong, Won Kim
Liver International.2018; 38(4): 695. CrossRef
Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Parkinson Disease
Xiaomei Yao, Dong Wang, Lei Zhang, Lingling Wang, Zhenxiang Zhao, Si Chen, Xiaotang Wang, Tao Yue, Yiming Liu
Neurodegenerative Diseases.2017; 17(6): 251. CrossRef
GDF15 deficiency exacerbates chronic alcohol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury
Hyo Kyun Chung, Jung Tae Kim, Hyeon-Woo Kim, Minjoo Kwon, So Yeon Kim, Minho Shong, Koon Soon Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Growth differentiation factor 15 as a predictor of adverse renal outcomes in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Ki R. Na, Yoo H. Kim, Hyo K. Chung, Min‐Kyung Yeo, Young R. Ham, Jin Y. Jeong, Koon S. Kim, Kang W. Lee, Dae E. Choi
Internal Medicine Journal.2017; 47(12): 1393. CrossRef
GDF15 contributes to radiation-induced senescence through the ROS-mediated p16 pathway in human endothelial cells
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Oncotarget.2016; 7(9): 9634. CrossRef
GDF-15 and Hepcidin Levels in Nonanemic Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
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Journal of Diabetes Research.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Cardiac‐Secreted Factors as Peripheral Metabolic Regulators and Potential Disease Biomarkers
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Journal of the American Heart Association.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Determinants of growth differentiation factor 15 in patients with stable and acute coronary artery disease. A prospective observational study
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Cardiovascular Diabetology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Atorvastatin on Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2016; 40(1): 70. CrossRef
Association between Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Min Young Shin, Ji Min Kim, Yea Eun Kang, Min Kyeong Kim, Kyong Hye Joung, Ju Hee Lee, Koon Soon Kim, Hyun Jin Kim, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(9): 1413. CrossRef
Comparison of Transcriptome Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose
Ying Cui, Wen Chen, Jinfeng Chi, Lei Wang
Medical Science Monitor.2016; 22: 4699. CrossRef
Letter: GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose (Diabetes Metab J2014;38:472-9)
Bo Kyung Koo
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(1): 82. CrossRef
Relationship between hepcidin and GDF15 in anemic patients with type 2 diabetes without overt renal impairment
Jun Hwa Hong, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Byong-Keol Min, Kang Seo Park, Kayeon Seong, In Kyu Lee, Jung Guk Kim
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2015; 109(1): 64. CrossRef
Response: GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose (Diabetes Metab J2014;38:472-9)
Jun Hwa Hong, Bon Jeong Ku, Minho Shong
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(1): 84. CrossRef
Is GDF15 a Novel Biomarker to Predict the Development of Prediabetes or Diabetes?
Kyu Yeon Hur
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(6): 437. CrossRef

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