- Epidemiologic Characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: Current Status of Diabetic Patients Using Korean Health Insurance Database.
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Ie Byung Park, Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(5):357-362. Published online October 1, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.5.357
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- The aim of article is to introduce the current status of diabetes care and characteristics in diabetic patients in Korea, which is a joint report by Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) and Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA) ("Diabetes in Korea 2007") and to review the recent published data about the current status of diabetes mellitus in Korea.
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Jongnam Hwang, Jeffrey A. Johnson Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2015; 27(2): NP311. CrossRef - Barrier Factors to the Completion of Diabetes Education in Korean Diabetic Adult Patients: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2012
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Hye Mi Kang, Dong-Jun Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2012; 36(4): 300. CrossRef - Cytoprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract from Maesil (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) on Alloxan-induced Oxidative Damage in Pancreatic-cell, HIT-T15
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- The Effect of Cellular Phone-Based Telemedicine on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Insulin Therapy.
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Yun Jeong Lee, Mi Hyun Jeong, Joo Hyung Kim, Juri Park, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(3):232-240. Published online June 1, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.3.232
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2,688
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- BACKGROUND
Cellular phones are extremely prevalent in modern society and they enable appropriate feedback mechanisms through real time monitoring and short message services regarding blood glucose levels. We investigated whether cellular phone-based telemedicine support system could improve blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who were in inadequate glycemic control regardless of insulin therapy. METHODS: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted involving 74 type 2 diabetic patients with suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c levels > 7%) regardless of insulin therapy. The intervention (cellular phone-based telemedicine) group managed their blood glucose using a cellular phone for 3 months, while the control (self monitoring of blood glucose) group managed their blood glucose with a standard glucometer for the same period. RESULTS: Three months later, HbA1c levels were decreased in both groups. However, the decrease in the control group from 8.37% to 8.20% was only 0.20% (P = 0.152) which was not significant. In contrast, the intervention group had a significant reduction of 0.61% from 8.77% to 8.16% (P < 0.001). Moreover, among patients with a baseline > or = 8%, the patients in the intervention group showed a significant reduction of 0.81% from 9.16% to 8.34% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: HbA1c levels were significantly decreased in the cellular phone-based telemedicine group compared with the control group after 3 months. This study suggests that cellular phone-based telemedicine is helpful for better glucose control in type 2 diabetes patients who previously were unable to control glucose levels adequately with insulin therapy.
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- A Survey on Ubiquitous Healthcare Service Demand among Diabetic Patients
Soo Lim, So-Youn Kim, Jung Im Kim, Min Kyung Kwon, Sei Jin Min, Soo Young Yoo, Seon Mee Kang, Hong Il Kim, Hye Seung Jung, Kyong Soo Park, Jun Oh Ryu, Hayley Shin, Hak Chul Jang Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(1): 50. CrossRef
- Effects of Comprehensive Support on Glycemic Control Using Community Networks in Low- Income Elderly Patients with Diabetes.
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Nam Hoon Kim, Yun Jeong Lee, Hye Ok Kim, Cho Rong Oh, Ju Ri Park, Soo Yoen Park, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Sin Gon Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(5):453-461. Published online October 1, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.5.453
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2,804
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Diabetes is common among elderly, and low-income is associated with poor adherence to treatment and increased mortality. We evaluated whether comprehensive support using community networks improves glycemic control among low-income elderly patients with diabetes. METHODS: A total of 49 low-income elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, mean age 73 years, were enrolled. For 1 year, study subjects underwent various lifestyle modification programs provided by community networks. The biochemical data including glycemic markers and anthropometric data were obtained at the baseline and at the end of the study. Also, the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their quality of life, self-confidence and self-care behavior. RESULTS: After lifestyle modification program, overall changes of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, body weight, and other biochemical markers were not significantly different. In a subgroup analysis of 21 patients with poorly controlled diabetes (fasting glucose > 140 mg/dL or HbA1c > 7.5%), fasting plasma glucose was significantly reduced (P = 0.030). Among patients with baseline HbA1c level > or = 8%, HbA1c levels after intervention decreased from 9.33 +/- 1.07% to 8.27 +/- 1.15% (P = 0.092). The results of the questionnaires revealed significant increases in the scores of quality of life, self-confidence and self-care behavior (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Among low-income, elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, lifestyle modification through community networks showed no significant changes in glycemic control markers. More intensive and precise interventions using community networks are needed for the glycemic control of low-income, elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
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- The Effects of a Health Mentoring Program in Community-dwelling Vulnerable Elderly Individuals with Diabetes
Ki wol Sung, Hye Seung Kang, Ji Ran Nam, Mi Kyung Park, Ji Hyeon Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(2): 182. CrossRef - Development of a scale to measure diabetes self‐management behaviors among older Koreans with type 2 diabetes, based on the seven domains identified by the American Association of Diabetes Educators
Kyoungsan Seo, Misoon Song, Suyoung Choi, Se‐an Kim, Sun Ju Chang Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2017; 14(2): 161. CrossRef - Current Status and Effects of Dining with Diabetes in Korea and Abroad
Seung Hye Yang The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2017; 18(2): 117. CrossRef - Diabetes Management through Care Communities
Kyeong Ok Yun The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(4): 271. CrossRef - Understanding Psycho-Social Aspects and Social Welfare Information of Low-Income Diabetes Patients
Been Yoo The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(3): 212. CrossRef - Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus With Pancreatic Cancer Manifested as Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
Tae Hyung Kwon, Min Seong Kim, Jun Ho Jeon, Dong Il Jeong, Sang Seok Yun, Yong Kyu Lee Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2013; 17(2): 95. CrossRef - Development of a Comprehensive Self-Management Program Promoting Self Efficacy for Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Ju-Young Park, Il-Sun Ko Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2012; 19(1): 74. CrossRef
- Effects of Telmisartan Compared with Valsartan on Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.
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Soo Yeon Park, Sin Gon Kim, Juri Park, Yun Jeong Lee, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):236-242. Published online June 1, 2008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2006.32.3.236
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Telmisartan, used for the treatment of hypertension, has been shown to function as a partial agonist of peroxime proliferative activated receptor-nu (PPAR-nu). Theoretically, telmisartan which simultaneously blocks the angiotensin II receptor and activates PPAR-nu should be more effective in improving atherosclerotic surrogate markers than angiotensin II receptor blockers alone. Therefore, this pilot study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of telmisartan and valsartan on plasma adiponectin levels and pulse wave velocity as a marker of arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Thirty two patients with type 2 diabetes (mean duration 7.6 +/- 5.1 years) taking oral hypoglycemic agents were randomly assigned to receive telmisartan or valsartan for 12 weeks. RESULTS: Telmisartan and valsartan treatment significantly increased circulating adiponectin levels (P = 0.013 and P = 0.013, respectively) and reduced systolic (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and brachial-ankle PWV (P = 0.019 and P = 0.002, respectively), without significant differences between the two treatments. Before and after treatment, the fasting plasma glucose, interleukin-6, homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMAIR) levels and lipid profile were unchanged in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our expectation, telmisartan, even with its partial PPAR-nu activity, is not superior to valsartan in improving plasma adipocytokine levels and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that the partial PPAR-nu activity of telmisartan beyond valsartan may have less significant therapeutic implications than expected in treating patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Current Status of Diabetes Management in Korea Using National Health Insurance Database.
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Seok Won Park, Dae Jung Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi, Ie Byung Park, Jeong Hyun Park, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Jee Young Oh, Juneyoung Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Jaiyong Kim, Hwayoung Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(4):362-367. Published online July 1, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.4.362
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3,416
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40
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- BACKGROUND
The prevalence of diabetes is steadily increasing in Korea. The increase in number of people with diabetes would ultimately result in premature death, poor quality of life, and increasing economic burden. However, in our country, researches regarding on the quality of diabetes management are lacking. This study was conducted in 2005 using National Health Insurance Database to know the current status of diabetes management in Korea. METHODS: We have randomly selected 3,902 subjects out of 2,503,754 subjects who had claims with diagnosis of diabetes between January 2003 to December 2003 by using two staged cluster sampling method. Field survey with review of medical records and telephone survey was conducted with standardized record forms developed by Korean Diabetes Association; Task Force Team For Basic Statistical Study of Korean Diabetes Mellitus. RESULTS: The age of diabetic subjects was 58.1 +/- 12.6 years and the duration of diabetes was 6.2 +/- 5.5 years. Hypertension was present in 54% of diabetic subjects. Among those with hypertension, 59% were controlled with blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, but only 19% were controlled with blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg. Hyperlipidemia was present in 29% of diabetic subjects. Only 38% of those with hyperlipidemia were controlled with LDL-cholesterol below 100 mg/dL. For glycemic control, only 40% of diabetic subjects achieved the goal of HbA1c less than 7%, which was suggested by ADA. CONCLUSION: We found that only 20~40% of diabetic subjects in Korea achieved the management goal for glucose, blood pressure, and lipids. It seems urgent to develop a quality management program for diabetes subjects in Korea.
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Jongnam Hwang, Jeffrey A. Johnson Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2015; 27(2): NP311. CrossRef - Current Status of Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at General Hospitals in South Korea
Jin-Hee Jung, Jung-Hwa Lee, Jin-Won Noh, Jeong-Eun Park, Hee-Sook Kim, Joo-Wha Yoo, Bok-Rye Song, Jeong-rim Lee, Myeong-Hee Hong, Hyang-Mi Jang, Young Na, Hyun-Joo Lee, Jeong-Mi Lee, Yang-Gyo Kang, Sun-Young Kim, Kang-Hee Sim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2015; 39(4): 307. CrossRef - Trend Analysis in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes According to Risk Factors among Korean Adults: Based on the 2001~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
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Ie Byung Park, Jaiyong Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Jee-Young Oh, Seok Won Park, Juneyoung Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Wan Min, Jeong Hyun Park, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Hwayoung Kim, Sunhee Lee, Im Bong Lee, Injeoung Choi, Sei Hyun Baik Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(4): 233. CrossRef - Total Energy Intake May Be More Associated with Glycemic Control Compared to Each Proportion of Macronutrients in the Korean Diabetic Population
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Ji-Sung Lee, Jaiyong Kim, Sei-Hyun Baik, Ie-Byung Park, Juneyoung Lee Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(2): 135. CrossRef - The Current Status of Type 2 Diabetes Management at a University Hospital
Young Sil Lee Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(3): 241. CrossRef - The Effect of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase on Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Men
Tae-Yeon Kim, Do-Hoon Kim, Chang-Hae Park, Kyung-Hwan Cho, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk Ga, Hwan-cheol Kim Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(3): 215. CrossRef - Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Low-income Rural Patients
Hye-Yeon Kim, Woo-Jun Yun, Min-Ho Shin, Sun-Seong Kweon, Hye-Ran Ahn, Seong-Woo Choi, Young-Hoon Lee, Dong-Hyeok Cho, Jung-Ae Rhee Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(5): 315. CrossRef - The Effect of Smoking Status upon Occurrence of Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Men
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- The Appropriate Distance and Duration of Walking for Exercise in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Tae Seo Sohn, Jung Min Lee, Sang Ah Chang, Kyung Ah Han, Hyun Shik Son, Hyo Jeong Kim, Chul Woo Ahn, Yeon Ah Sung, Kyung Wan Min, Sei Hyun Baik, Jae Myeong Yu, Sung Woo Park
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Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(2):157-162. Published online March 1, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.2.157
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
For decades, exercise has been considered a cornerstone of diabetes managements, along with diet and medication. Many studies have shown that regular physical activity improves quality of life, reduces the risk of mortality from all causes, and is particularly advantageous in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, high-quality evidence and basic data on the importance of exercise and physical fitness in Korean diabetic patients were lacking until recent years. METHOD: This study included 240 diabetic patients (122 men, 118 women) recruited from 6 diabetic centers in Korea. To measure step length and walking velocity at normal walking speed, we made the patient walk 12 meter at normal speed. The patients wore the pedometer for 7 days and we got the equation between the walking steps per day and calorie expenditure for 7 days. From the equation, we calculated appropriate steps, distance and duration of walking in type 2 diabetic patients as exercise program RESULTS: In men, the walking velocity was 4.4 +/- 0.6 km/h and step length was 67.6 +/- 7.3 cm at normal walking speed. In women, the walking velocity was 4.0 +/- 0.6 km/h and step length was 58.4 +/- 5.5 cm at normal walking speed. The equation between kcal per week and steps per day was that kcal/week = (steps/day) x 0.268 + 64.074 (R2 = 0.854, P < 0.01) in men and kcal/week in women = (steps/day) x 0.256 - 39.005 (R2 = 0.890, P < 0.01). The steps/day, walking distance and walking duration which correspond to 700 kcal/week was 2,373 steps/day, 21.9 minutes and 1,604 meter in men, and 2,887 steps/day, 25.3 minutes and 1,690 meter in women at normal walking speed. CONCLUSION: To exert at least 700 kcal/week with exercise, it is recommended that type 2 diabetic patients walk at least 25 minutes/day or 1,700 meter/day or 2,500 steps/day in men and 30 minutes/day or 1,800 meter/day or 3,000 steps/day in women at normal walking speed.
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Citations
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- Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Glucose Control, Neuropathy Scores, Balance, and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Neuropathy
Sukhee Ahn, Rhayun Song The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2012; 18(12): 1172. CrossRef - Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan for Energy and Marcronutrient Intake in Korean Men with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Hee Jung Ahn, Kyung Ah Han, Jin Young Jang, Jae Hyuk Lee, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(3): 273. CrossRef - Group Classification on Management Behavior of Diabetic Mellitus
Sung-Hong Kang, Soon-Ho Choi Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(2): 765. CrossRef - Bowl-Based Meal Plan versus Food Exchange-Based Meal Plan for Dietary Intake Control in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Hee-Jung Ahn, Boo-Kyung Koo, Ji-Yeon Jung, Hwi-Ryun Kwon, Hyun-Jin Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Kyung-Ah Han, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(2): 155. CrossRef
- Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes in Korea.
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Sang Ah Chang, Jung Min Lee, Tae Seo Sohn, Hyun Shik Son, Sung Woo Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Jae Myung Yu, Yeon Ah Sung, Chul Woo Ahn, Kyung Wan Min, Kyung Ah Han
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Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(1):83-88. Published online January 1, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.1.83
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- BACKGROUND
Walking is a popular, convenient and relatively safe form of exercise. However, there is few objective data for walking exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate pedometer-determined physical activity defined as steps/day in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it could be the basic data for programming walking exercise in diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Participants with type 2 diabetes who visited in 6 university hospitals on February, 2006 in Seoul and Kyung-gi area were recruited. The participants were asked their ambulatory activity with the given pedometer and calorimeter for 1 week. Total 240 (Male 122, Female 118) subjects who walked above 1000 steps/day were analyzed. We also collected their biochemical data from the medical records. RESULTS: Participants took 8532 +/- 4130 steps for day (step/day) and energy expenditure were 320 +/- 161 Cal/day. Steps/day was not significantly different between male and female, but energy expenditure was higher in male than female ( P < 0.05). Steps/day was significantly lower in obese patients than non-obese patients (P < 0.001). BMI (r = -0.325, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = -0.287, P < 0.001), triglyceride (r = 0.164, P < 0.018) showed significant inverse correlation with steps/day, but BUN (r = 0.165, P = 0.019) and HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.164, P = 0.018) were positive correlated with steps/day significantly. BMI (r = -0.14, P < 0.032) and cholesterol (r = -0.139, P < 0.041) showed significantly inverse correlation with energy expenditure and BUN (r = 0.187, P = 0.008) and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.145, P < 0.037) positively correlated with energy expenditure. Pedometer-determined steps/day was positively associated with energy expenditure (r2 = 0.824, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed the objective quantification of physical activity measured by simple and inexpensive pedometers. It could be used to recommend walking exercise since the practitioners can estimate steps/day for required energy expenditure.
- Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride/Metformin Fixed Combination Versus Free Combination in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
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Seung Hwan Lee, In Kyu Lee, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Kyong Soo Park, Ki Ho Song, Kwan Woo Lee, Bong Soo Cha, Chul Woo Ahn, Hyoung Woo Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Moon Suk Nam, Hong Sun Baek, Yong Ki Kim, Hyo Young Rhim, Ho Young Son
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):466-475. Published online November 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.466
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2,934
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- BACKGROUND
Failure to manage diabetes mellitus receiving monotherapy increases as the duration of the disease is protracted, and in many cases it becomes inevitable to introduce combined therapies. However, compliance of the patients tends to decrease. We conducted a clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety of preconstituted and fixed combination therapy of glimepiride plus metformin to those of free combination therapy. METHODS: Two hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes who had been diagnosed at least six months ago were randomly assigned either to a fixed group or a free group. The initial dosage was chosen according to the previous treatment history and then adjusted every two weeks following a predefined titration algorithm to meet the target mean fasting glucose levels (140 mg/dL). The medications were given for 16 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c level from baseline to week 16. Various parameters were checked as secondary outcome measures and safety criteria. RESULTS: HbA1c level of the fixed group and the free group decreased by 1.09% and 1.08%, respectively. The 95% CI of the changes' difference between the two groups (-0.21%, +0.19%) was within the predefined equivalence interval (-0.5%, +0.5%). Secondary outcome measures (the changes of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose level, response rate and compliance) and safety criteria (frequency of hypoglycemia and adverse reactions) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Fixed combination of glimepiride/metformin is as effective and safe therapy as free combination in type 2 diabetes patients.
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- Efficacy and safety of glimepiride/metformin sustained release once daily vs. glimepiride/metformin twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes
Y.-C. Hwang, M. Kang, C. W. Ahn, J. S. Park, S. H. Baik, D. J. Chung, H. C. Jang, K.-A. Kim, I.-K. Lee, K. W. Min, M. Nam, T. S. Park, S. M. Son, Y.-A. Sung, J.-T. Woo, K. S. Park, M.-K. Lee International Journal of Clinical Practice.2013; 67(3): 236. CrossRef - Pharmacokinetic comparison of a new glimepiride 1-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation and a glimepiride 2-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation: A single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover study in
Bo-Hyung Kim, Kwang-Hee Shin, JaeWoo Kim, Kyoung Soo Lim, Kyu-pyo Kim, Jung-Ryul Kim, Joo-Youn Cho, Sang-Goo Shin, In-Jin Jang, Kyung-Sang Yu Clinical Therapeutics.2009; 31(11): 2755. CrossRef
- Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial about the Effect of Cilazapril on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Hypertension.
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Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyoung Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Min Ho Shong, Chung Gu Cho, Byoung Hyun Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Seol Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):450-458. Published online November 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.450
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2,511
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- BACKGROUND
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) improves the vascular endothelial cell function and has a better clinical outcome by decreasing the LDL cholesterol oxidation, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and improving the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlations between the ACEi and the serum markers for the vascular endothelial function in previous studies were not consistent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between July 2003 and April 2005, 104 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, who had been admitted to 9 major university hospitals in Korea, were examined. The subjects were randomly allocated to the cilazapril (2.5~5 mg/day) and atenolol (50~100 mg/day) treatment group and given a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The lipid profile and the markers for endothelial function, such as vWF, VCAM, E-selectin, tPA, fibrinogen, adiponectin, hsCRP, nitrotyrosine were evaluated and the differences in the variables were compared with those obtained 6 months later. RESULTS: A total 56 subjects completed the 6-months follow up period. Regarding the baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in the variables observed in the two groups except for HbA1c (P = 0.037), vWF (P = 0.048), and hsCRP (P = 0.038). After 6 months, both groups showed a significant and identical decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the baseline (P < 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the endothelial markers between each group. On the other hand, there was some deterioration in the triglyceride (P = 0.009) and HbA1c (P = 0.017) levels in the atenolol treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the endothelial function markers observed between the cilazapril and atenolol groups. However, cilazapril had an identical effect on the blood pressure reduction compared with atenolol but had fewer adverse effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism.
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- Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise
Annabella Braschi American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2019; 19(2): 133. CrossRef
- Current Status of the Continuity of Ambulatory Diabetes Care and its Impact on Health Outcomes and Medical Cost in Korea Using National Health Insurance Database.
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Jaiyong Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Hwayoung Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Seok Won Park, Ie Byung Park, Jeong Hyun Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Jee Young Oh, Sunhee Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Kyung Mook Choi, Injeoung Choi, Dae Jung Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(5):377-387. Published online September 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.5.377
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- BACKGROUND
The continuity of care in chronic diseases, especially in diabetes, was emphasized from many studies. But large scale studies with long-term observation which confirm the impact of continuity of care on health outcomes are rare. This study tried national level 3 year observation to find differences in hospitalization, mortality and medical costs among patient groups with different utilization pattern. METHODS: The 1,088,564 patients with diabetes diagnosis and diabetes drug prescription in 2002, from 20 to 79 years old, and survived until the end of 2004 were included. Annual drug prescription days, number of visited clinics and quarterly continuity of care were measured. Gender, age group, living area, health insurance premium level (as a proxy of the income level), years of first DM diagnosis, five co-morbidities (hypertension, heart disease, stroke, renal disease, admission with DM), hospitalization experience and the type of main attending clinic were adjusted. Hospitalization, mortality and high costs group (top quintile) in 2005 were predicted by multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: Patients who failed in continuity of care in 2003 and 2004 showed higher hospitalization (OR =1.29), higher mortality (OR =1.75) and they are more likely to be high costs group (OR =1.34) in 2005 than who fulfilled the continuity of care. Patients who have single attending clinic also showed lower hospitalization, lower mortality and lower cost. Completeness in diabetic drug prescription were correlated with lower hospitalization, lower mortality but with higher cost. Possible cost saving from continual care with single attending clinic was estimated at Won 417 billion (Dollar 1 = Won 943.7). Possible expenditure from complete drug prescription was Won 228 billion. So, net saving was Won 139 billion in our study population. CONCLUSION: Continual care and single attending clinic saves patient's life and national costs. Fragmented primary care system in Korea should be reformed for more effective care of chronic diseases. National Health Insurance Database in Korea enables nationwide long-term observation study which overcomes the many limitations found in hospital-based studies and cross-sectional surveys.
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Ju-hyun Oh, Boyoung Jung, Eun-San Kim, Namkwen Kim, In-Hyuk Ha Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of Practicing Health Behaviors on Unmet Needs among Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Longitudinal Study
Bich-Na Jang, Hwi-Jun Kim, Bo-Ram Kim, Seonyeong Woo, Woo-Jin Lee, Eun-Cheol Park International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 7977. CrossRef - Impact of Continuous Care on Health Outcomes and Cost for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis Using National Health Insurance Cohort Database
Ji Hyun Nam, Changwoo Lee, Nayoung Kim, Keun Young Park, Jeonghoon Ha, Jaemoon Yun, Dong Wook Shin, Euichul Shin Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2019; 43(6): 776. CrossRef - Chasms in Achievement of Recommended Diabetes Care among Geographic Regions in Korea
Sanghyun Cho, Ji-Yeon Shin, Hyun Joo Kim, Sang Jun Eun, Sungchan Kang, Won Mo Jang, Hyemin Jung, Yoon Kim, Jin Yong Lee Journal of Korean Medical Science.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluation of the chronic disease management program for appropriateness of medication adherence and persistence in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients in Korea
Jung-Ae Kim, Eun-Sook Kim, Eui-Kyung Lee Medicine.2017; 96(14): e6577. CrossRef - Greater continuity of care reduces hospital admissions in patients with hypertension: An analysis of nationwide health insurance data in Korea, 2011–2013
Young Soon Nam, Kyoung Hee Cho, Hee-Chung Kang, Kwang-Sig Lee, Eun-Cheol Park Health Policy.2016; 120(6): 604. CrossRef - Impact of Market Competition on Continuity of Care and Hospital Admissions for Asthmatic Children: A Longitudinal Analysis of Nationwide Health Insurance Data 2009-2013
Kyoung Hee Cho, Eun-Cheol Park, Young Soon Nam, Seon-Heui Lee, Chung Mo Nam, Sang Gyu Lee, Saravana Kumar PLOS ONE.2016; 11(3): e0150926. CrossRef - Factors affecting treatment compliance in new hypertensive patients in Korea
Hyun-Jin Kim, Kanghee Moon, Tae-hee Park, So-Youn Park, Seok-Jun Yoon, In-Hwan Oh Clinical and Experimental Hypertension.2016; 38(8): 701. CrossRef - The relationship between diabetes and the reoperation rate after lumbar spinal surgery: a nationwide cohort study
Chi Heon Kim, Chun Kee Chung, Sukyoun Shin, Bo Ram Choi, Min Jung Kim, Byung Joo Park, Yunhee Choi The Spine Journal.2015; 15(5): 866. CrossRef - The Association between Continuity of Care and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study, 2005-2012
Kyoung Hee Cho, Young Sam Kim, Chung Mo Nam, Tae Hyun Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Kyu-Tae Han, Eun-Cheol Park, Hemachandra Reddy PLOS ONE.2015; 10(11): e0141465. CrossRef - Associations Between the Continuity of Ambulatory Care of Adult Diabetes Patients in Korea and the Incidence of Macrovascular Complications
Young-Hoon Gong, Seok-Jun Yoon, Hyeyoung Seo, Dongwoo Kim Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2015; 48(4): 188. CrossRef - Evaluation of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Ye-Jee Kim, Nam-Kyong Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, Joongyub Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Jong-Mi Seong, Sun-Young Jung, Ju-Young Shin, Ji-Eun Park, Byung-Joo Park Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors Affecting Diabetic Screening Behavior of Korean Adults: A Multilevel Analysis
Hyeongsu Kim, Minjung Lee, Haejoon Kim, Kunsei Lee, Sounghoon Chang, Vitna Kim, Jun Pyo Myong, Soyoun Jeon Asian Nursing Research.2013; 7(2): 67. CrossRef - Higher quality primary care is associated with good self-rated health status
N. J. Sung, J. F. Markuns, K. H. Park, K. Kim, H. Lee, J. H. Lee Family Practice.2013; 30(5): 568. CrossRef - Diabetes Epidemics in Korea: Reappraise Nationwide Survey of Diabetes "Diabetes in Korea 2007"
Ie Byung Park, Jaiyong Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Jee-Young Oh, Seok Won Park, Juneyoung Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Wan Min, Jeong Hyun Park, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Hwayoung Kim, Sunhee Lee, Im Bong Lee, Injeoung Choi, Sei Hyun Baik Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(4): 233. CrossRef - Continuity of ambulatory care and health outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea
Jae-Seok Hong, Hee-Chung Kang Health Policy.2013; 109(2): 158. CrossRef - Strategies for improvement of primary care in Korea
Heui Sug Jo Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(10): 959. CrossRef - Factors associated with diabetes outpatient use of tertiary or general hospitals as their usual source of care in Korea
Jung Chan Lee, Kye Hyun Kim, Han Nah Kim, Nam Soon Kim Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(12): 1215. CrossRef - Factors associated with the hypertension outpatients' choice of healthcare providers in Korea
Jung Chan Lee, Kye Hyun Kim, Han Nah Kim, Yoon Hyung Park Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(9): 961. CrossRef - Analysis of the Continuity of Outpatient among Adult Patients with hypertension and its Influential Factors in Korea
Kyung-Ae Son, Yoon-Shin Kim, Min-Hee Hong, Mi-As Jeong Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2010; 11(6): 2161. CrossRef - Continuity of Care for Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea
Jae Seok Hong, Hee Chung Kang, Jaiyong Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(9): 1259. CrossRef
- Current Status of Diabetic Foot in Korean Patients Using National Health Insurance Database.
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Choon Hee Chung, Dae Jung Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Hwayoung Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Seok Won Park, Jeong Hyun Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Jee Young Oh, Sunhee Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Injeoung Choi, Ie Byung Park
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(5):372-376. Published online September 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.5.372
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3,369
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- BACKGROUND
Foot ulcer diseases are more prevalent in diabetic patients than that those of non-diabetic patients. Several reports showed the risk of amputation and the medical cost were increased when foot ulcer developed. Therefore, strict glycemic control from the initial period of diabetes is necessary. Since there is no enough epidemiologic data, large scaled studies for medical and economic consequences about diabetic foot ulcer are needed. METHODS: This study was based on health insurance claims submitted to the National Health Insurance Review Agency during the period from December 1994 through December 2002. We investigated the incidence and medical cost of foot disorders in Korean population using the disease-classification codes on the health insurance claim forms. RESULTS: The incidences of foot disorders (per 100,000 of population) were 49.7 for amputations, 99.7 for ulcers, and 1,051 for injuries in diabetic patients, and 4.2 for amputations, 10.3 for ulcers, and 943 for injuries in non-diabetic patients. Relative risk of the incidences of foot amputation, ulcer, and injury in diabetic patients comparing with non-diabetic patients were 11.7, 9.7, and 1.1, respectively. Total medical costs (per capita) of foot amputation, ulcer, and injury in diabetic patients were 2.0, 1.7, and 2.1 times higher, respectively, than those of non-diabetic patients. Mean hospital stay of foot amputation, ulcer, and injury in diabetic patients were 1.6, 1.3, and 1.7 times more, respectively, than those of non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients, the incidences of foot amputation and ulcer are higher than those of non-diabetic patients. To reduce those incidences, we need to early strict glycemic control as well as government based management.
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Saintpee Kim, Sungho Won, Young Yi International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(6): 775. CrossRef - Efficacy of a povidone‐iodine foam dressing (Betafoam) on diabetic foot ulcer
Heui C. Gwak, Seung H. Han, Jinwoo Lee, Sejin Park, Ki‐Sun Sung, Hak‐Jun Kim, Dongil Chun, Kyungmin Lee, Jae‐Hoon Ahn, Kyunghee Kwak, Hyung‐Jin Chung International Wound Journal.2020; 17(1): 91. CrossRef - Regional Variation in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Lower Limb Amputations and Its Relationship with the Regional Factors
Sung Hun Won, Jahyung Kim, Dong-Il Chun, Young Yi, Suyeon Park, Kwang-Young Jung, Gun-Hyun Park, Jaeho Cho Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society.2019; 23(3): 121. CrossRef - Depth and combined infection is important predictor of lower extremity amputations in hospitalized diabetic foot ulcer patients
Eun-Gyo Jeong, Sung Shim Cho, Sang-Hoon Lee, Kang-Min Lee, Seo-Kyung Woo, Yoongoo Kang, Jae-Seung Yun, Seon-Ah Cha, Yoon-Jung Kim, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Lee The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2018; 33(5): 952. CrossRef - Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer recurrence: A prospective 2-year follow-up study in Egypt
Walaa A. Khalifa The Foot.2018; 35: 11. CrossRef - Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infections
Ki Tae Kwon, David G. Armstrong Infection & Chemotherapy.2018; 50(1): 11. CrossRef - Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Foot
Chang Won Lee The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2018; 19(3): 168. CrossRef - Effects of foot complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus on public healthcare: An analysis based on the Korea National Diabetes Program Cohort
So Young Park, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sung-Hoon Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Yongsoo Park, Moon Suk Nam, Kwan Woo Lee, Jeong-taek Woo, Ki Hong Chun, Young Seol Kim Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2017; 31(2): 375. CrossRef - Prevalence and Current Status of Treatment of Diabetic Foot in South Korea
Jae-Ik Bae, Je Hwan Won, Jun Su Kim, Man Deuk Kim, Chang Jin Yoon, Yun Ku Cho Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2016; 74(3): 169. CrossRef - Lifestyle, Diet, Self-care, and Diabetes Fatalism of Diabetic Patients with and without Diabetic Foot
Jungha Choi, Juhee Kang, Hongmie Lee Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(3): 241. CrossRef - The Quality of Medical Care Provided to Homeless Diabetes Patients in a General Hospital in Seoul, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Comorbidities
Sun Hee Beom, Moo Kyung Oh, Chul Woo Ahn Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 86(5): 585. CrossRef - Advanced Glycation End Products and Management of Diabetes Diet
Hyun-Sun Lee The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2013; 14(2): 90. CrossRef - Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Home Care Services for Patients with Diabetic Foot
Chong Rye Song, Yong Soon Kim, Jin Hyun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2013; 19(4): 437. CrossRef - Diabetes Epidemics in Korea: Reappraise Nationwide Survey of Diabetes "Diabetes in Korea 2007"
Ie Byung Park, Jaiyong Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Jee-Young Oh, Seok Won Park, Juneyoung Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Wan Min, Jeong Hyun Park, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Hwayoung Kim, Sunhee Lee, Im Bong Lee, Injeoung Choi, Sei Hyun Baik Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(4): 233. CrossRef - Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Using Matriderm In Comparison with a Skin Graft
Hyojin Jeon, Junhyung Kim, Hyeonjung Yeo, Hoijoon Jeong, Daegu Son, Kihwan Han Archives of Plastic Surgery.2013; 40(04): 403. CrossRef - Three Cases of Auricular Pressure Ulcer in Ambulatory Leprotic Patients
Nam Soo Han, Hyung-Cheol Park Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(9): 588. CrossRef - Diabetic Foot: Past and Present
Ji Ho Lee, Choon Hee Chung Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(2): 69. CrossRef - Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Disease
Kyu Jeung Ahn Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(2): 72. CrossRef
- Current Status of Aspirin User in Korean Diabetic Patients Using Korean Health Insurance Database.
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Ie Byung Park, Dae Jung Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Hwayoung Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Seok Won Park, Jeong Hyun Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Jee Young Oh, Sunhee Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Injeoung Choi, Kyung Mook Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(5):363-371. Published online September 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.5.363
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2,924
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- AIMS: ADA guidelines recommend aspirin for all patients with diabetes who have had a prior CHD events as well as a primary prevention strategy among those with at least one other risk factor. We examined the current status of regular aspirin intake among Korean adults who diagnosed as diabetes. METHODS: This study examined the characteristics of aspirin user in new-onset diabetes over 40 years based on health insurance claims submitted to the Health Insurance Review Agency (HIRA) of Korea during the period from January 2001 through December 2003. New onset diabetes defined as the first health insurance claim of antidiabetic drugs submitted to HIRA for the three months (January to March 2001) that never submitted for previous 6 years. RESULTS: The number of total new-onset diabetic patients was 30,014 in 2001, 29,819 in 2002, and 32,061 in 2003. The incidence rate of diabetes over 40 years for 3 months in 2001, 2002 and 2003 were 0.172%, 0.167% and 0.18. Mean age of women who diagnosed diabetes were significant higher than that of men in 2001 (women 59.2+/-10.6 yrs, men 54.8+/-9.8 yrs), in 2002 (women 59.5+/-10.6 yrs, men 54.6+/-9.3 yrs) and in 2003 (women 59.6+/-10.7 yrs, men 54.7+/-9.9 yrs) (p < 0.001). The number of aspirin user increased from 2,065 (6.9%) in 2001, 2,638 (8.9%) in 2002 and 3,711 (11.6%) in 2003. 30.5% of new-onset diabetics in 2001 had hypertension, 12.4% of them had hypercholesterolemia, 11.8% of them had cerebral infarct, 2.6% of them had cerebral hemorrhage, 3.8% of them had coronary heart disease and, but, 55.6% of them had not any CVD. Logistic regression analysis using aspirin use as a dependent variable showed that the number of aspirin use in patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cerebral infarct and coronary heart disease was higher than in patients without those (hypertension [OR], 3.89 (95% CI, 3.52~4.31); hypercholesterolemia [OR], 2.16 (95% CI, 1.90~2.46; cerebral infarct [OR], 2.05 (95% CI, 1.82~2.30); coronary heart disease [OR], 9.41 (95% CI, 8.20~10.80), respectively). Coronary heart disease was the most important associated factor of aspirin use. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant underuse of aspirin therapy among our population compared with that of America. Major efforts are needed to increase aspirin use in diabetic patients.
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- Evaluation of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Ye-Jee Kim, Nam-Kyong Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, Joongyub Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Jong-Mi Seong, Sun-Young Jung, Ju-Young Shin, Ji-Eun Park, Byung-Joo Park Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Current Status of Prescription in Type 2 Diabetic Patients from General Hospitals in Busan
Ji Hye Suk, Chang Won Lee, Sung Pyo Son, Min Cheol Kim, Jun Hyeob Ahn, Kwang Jae Lee, Ja Young Park, Sun Hye Shin, Min Jeong Kwon, Sang Soo Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Soon Hee Lee, Jeong Hyun Park, In Joo Kim Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2014; 38(3): 230. CrossRef - Epidural Hematoma Related with Low-Dose Aspirin : Complete Recovery without Surgical Treatment
Kyoung-Tae Kim, Dae-Chul Cho, Suk-Won Ahn, Suk-Hyung Kang Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2012; 51(5): 308. CrossRef - The Prevalence and Features of Korean Gout Patients Using the National Health Insurance Corporation Database
Chan Hee Lee, Na Young Sung Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2011; 18(2): 94. CrossRef - Overlapping Medication Associated with Healthcare Switching among Korean Elderly Diabetic Patients
Ju-Young Shin, Nam-Kyong Choi, Sun-Young Jung, Ye-Jee Kim, Jong-Mi Seong, Byung-Joo Park Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(11): 1461. CrossRef - Cause-of-Death Trends for Diabetes Mellitus over 10 Years
Su Kyung Park, Mi-Kyoung Park, Ji Hye Suk, Mi Kyung Kim, Yong Ki Kim, In Ju Kim, Yang Ho Kang, Kwang Jae Lee, Hyun Seung Lee, Chang Won Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Kyung Il Lee, Mi Kyoung Kim, Duk Kyu Kim Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(1): 65. CrossRef - The Current Status of Type 2 Diabetes Management at a University Hospital
Young Sil Lee Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(3): 241. CrossRef
- Current Status of Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease Using Korean Health Insurance Database.
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Dae Jung Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Hyeyoung Kim, Kyung Wan Min, Seok Won Park, Ie Byung Park, Jeong Hyun Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Jee Young Oh, Sunhee Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Choon Hee Chung, Kyung Mook Choi, Injeoung Choi, Hwayoung Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(5):355-362. Published online September 1, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.5.355
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- BACKGROUND
Diabetes is becoming one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. We studied the prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Korean population based on health insurance claims submitted to the Health Insurance Review Agency. We also investigated the proportion of medications taken by the ESRD patients, and frequency of hospital admission or visits, and medical expenses between ESRD patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: This study was based on health insurance claims submitted to the Health Insurance Review Agency during the period from January 2001 through December 2003. Using the disease-classification codes on the health insurance claim forms, those who were diagnosed with chronic renal disease (N18 or N19) and received dialysis-related treatment (Z49), treatment with a kidney dialysis machine (Z99.2), or kidney transplantation (Z94.0) were defined as ESRD patients. Among the ESRD patients, those who were diagnosed with diabetes (E10-E14) and/or took anti-diabetic drugs were defined as ESRD patients with diabetes. RESULTS: The ESRD patients totaled 33,870 in 2001, 37,894 in 2002, and 41,167 (858.3 per million population) in 2003. ESRD patients with diabetes increased to 56.7% in 2003. The number of ESRD patients in whom renal replacement therapy was initiated was 8,134 in 2002 and 8,322 (173.5 per million population) in 2003. ESRD patients with diabetes used more anti-hypertensive drugs (1.2 times as many), lipid-lowering drugs (1.6 times), and anti-platelet agents (1.8 times) than did ESRD patients without diabetes. In 2003, 66.5% of the ESRD patients with diabetes were hospitalized, which was 1.6 times the hospital admissions of ESRD patients without diabetes. ESRD patients with diabetes also had hospital stays that were 1.6 times longer per patient and inpatient service expenses that were 1.6times greater per patient, compared with those reported for ESRD patients without diabetes. CONCLUSION: The incidence of ESRD accompanied by diabetes has risen rapidly. Given the burden of medical treatment costs placed on ESRD patients with diabetes, more aggressive interventions should be implemented to prevent diabetes and renal complications among patients with diabetes.
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Citations
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Soon Ae Shin, Hyeongsu Kim, Kunsei Lee, Vivian Lin, George Liu International Journal of Nursing Practice.2015; 21(6): 780. CrossRef - The Quality of Medical Care Provided to Homeless Diabetes Patients in a General Hospital in Seoul, and the Prevalence of Diabetes Comorbidities
Sun Hee Beom, Moo Kyung Oh, Chul Woo Ahn Korean Journal of Medicine.2014; 86(5): 585. CrossRef - Diabetes Epidemics in Korea: Reappraise Nationwide Survey of Diabetes "Diabetes in Korea 2007"
Ie Byung Park, Jaiyong Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Choon Hee Chung, Jee-Young Oh, Seok Won Park, Juneyoung Lee, Kyung Mook Choi, Kyung Wan Min, Jeong Hyun Park, Hyun Shik Son, Chul Woo Ahn, Hwayoung Kim, Sunhee Lee, Im Bong Lee, Injeoung Choi, Sei Hyun Baik Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(4): 233. CrossRef - Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus
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- A Case of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Induced by Steroid Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
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Soo Yeon Park, Se Yune Kim, Dong IL Kim, Hye Suk Kim, Sae Jeong Yang, Ju Ri Park, Dong Jin Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Soon Beom Kwon, Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(6):571-573. Published online November 1, 2005
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- Steroid induced diabetes mellitus, a complication due to corticosteroids, is commonly regarded as a form of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, which requires relative insulin deficiency and concomitant elevation of counterregulatory hormones, such as glucagon, catecholamine, cortisol, and growth hormone, is acute a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we report a case of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome induced by short-term steroid treatment in idiopathic thromobocytopenic purpura.
- The Study of Physical Activity in the Korean with Type 2 Diabetes.
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Kyung Wan Min, Keun Hee An, Tae Seo Sohn, Yong Moon Park, Yeong Sun Hong, Yeon Su Kim, Yi Byeong Park, Kang Seo Park, Gwan Woo Lee, In Ju Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Jae Myoung Yu, Hyun Shik Son, Sei Hyun Baik, Won Cheol Lee, Chung Gu Cho, Hyoung Woo Lee, Sung Woo Park
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Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(6):517-525. Published online November 1, 2005
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- BACKGROUND
Despite the importance of exercise, little is known about the epidemiology of exercise among persons with diabetes in the Korea. We do not have any standard method to evaluate physical activity of diabetics. So exercise committee of Korean diabetic association decided to survey the physical activities of Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 1073 type 2 diabetics (509 males, 564 females) over 18 age. 34 general hospitals collected data about physical activity from Dec. 2004 to Feb.2005. Data were randomly collected by interviewers using numeration table. Respondents were asked about the physical activities or exercise during recent 7 days and frequency, duration of each activity. To compare with normal population, we use 2001 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) results. RESULTS: People with type 2 diabetes were more likely to report exercising regularly than people without this disease (52.5% vs. 27.5%) (p<0.0001), but 47.5% of type 2 diabetics didn't take exercise. Walking time of type 2 diabetics wasmore than that of people without this disease (p<0.0001). Type 2 diabetics exerting <700kcal/week of energy expenditure with physical activity were 45.5% in the exercising type 2 diabetics (males:44.2%, females:55.8%). Energy expenditure was positively correlated with frequency of physical exercise and exercise period (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: 47.5% of Korean type 2 diabetics and 72.5% of normal population did not take exercise. 45.5% of exercising type 2 diabetics exerted energy expenditure under 700kcal/week with physical activity. Therefore, various programs for initiating physical activity and increasing energy expenditure are required.
- Evaluation of the Indicator Test(NeurocheckTM) in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
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Tae Seo Sohn, Hyun Shik Son, Jae Myung Yu, Bong Soo Cha, Kyung Wan Min, Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(3):247-253. Published online May 1, 2005
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Eighty-five percent of the lower-limb amputations that are done for patients with diabetes are preceded by foot ulceration, and this suggests that prevention and the appropriate management of foot lesions are of paramount importance. Ulceration is caused by several factors acting together, but they are particularly caused by neuropathy. Various aspects of the neurovascular function can be evaluated with specialized tests, but these tests have generally not been well standardized and they have limited clinical utility. A new indicator test(NeurocheckTM) that utilizes the water-induced color change of a cobaltII compound from blue to pink has been introduced. The aim of the present study was to evaluate this new indicator test in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy among type 2 diabetic patients. METHOD: This study included 124 diabetic patients(45 men and 79 women) who were recruited from 5 diabetic centers in Korea. The presence of diabetic neuropathy was diagnosed by nerve conduction study. The degree of the patient's symptom was checked as the total symptom score(TSS). Autonomic sudomotor neuropathy was assessed by means of the new indicator test(NeurocheckTM). The degree of color change in 10 minutes was assessed as a complete color change, an incomplete color change or no color change. RESULTS: Of the 124 diabetics patients we investigated, 109 patients were proven to have peripheral neuropathy by nerve conduction study. Autonomic sudomotor neuropathy by NeurocheckTM was diagnosed in 94 patients with peripheral neuropathy(86.2%) and in 6 patients(40%) without peripheral neuropathy. The overall measure of agreement between NeurocheckTM and the electrodiagnostic test was 0.3673(0.1547, 0.58). The sensitivity and specificity of NeurocheckTM was higher in women(91.2% and 63.6%, respectively) than in men(78.0% and 50.0%, respectively). The measure of agreement in women was 0.5093(0.2396, 0.9601) and in the men it was 0.1567(-0.1423, 0.4588). CONCLUSION: The new indicator test has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients, especially in women. It is likely that the new indicator test is useful clinically as a screening and diagnostic tool for diabetic neuropathy. Since the specificity of the test is somewhat low, the patients with a high total symptom score and who are without sudomotor neuropathy may need further diagnostic evaluation on neuropathy
- VEGF-Angiopoietin-Tie2 System in Diabetic Retinopathy.
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Nan Hee Kim, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Kye Won Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Yoon Shin Park, Inho Jo, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(2):122-132. Published online March 1, 2005
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Ischemia-induced neovascularization can cause the loss of vision in retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy. Recent studies have shown that the angiopoietin-Tie2 system is a major regulator of vascular integrity and it is involved in pathologic angiogenesis. However, its role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy is not yet known. We examined the regulation of the VEGF-angiopoietin-Tie2 system in both in vitro and in vivo studies to discover their possible role in diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We investigated the effects of a well-known angiogenic stimulus, hypoxia(2% O2 concentration) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF, 10 ng/mL) on the expression of the angiopoietin-Tie2 mRNA in bovine retinal pericytes(BRP) and bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAEC). We also examined the expressions of VEGF-angiopoietin-Tie2 mRNA in retinas of type 2 diabetic OLETF(Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty) rats at 30 and 50 weeks. We also investigated the effect of angiotensin II receptor type 1(AT1) antagonist on the VEGFangiopoietin-Tie2 expression. RESULTS: Hypoxia and VEGF treatment significantly increased angiopoietin-1(Ang1) mRNA expression in the BRPs. In contrast, the angiopoietin-2(Ang2) mRNA expression was unaltered in the BRPs treated with hypoxia and VEGF. Significant up-regulation of Tie2 mRNA expression was found and this lasted up to 12 h. However, using BAECs, we found that only the Ang2 expression responded to these two angiogenic stimuli. In OLETF rats, the Ang-Tie2 expression patterns were similar with those of the BAECs. Ang2 and VEGF mRNA were increased at 30 and 50 weeks for the OLETF rats, whereas the Ang1 expression was not changed. The up-regulation of Ang2 and VEGF was decreased with the losartan treatment, an AT1 receptor antagonist. Tie2 mRNA expression was increased only at 50 weeks and it did not show any decrement by the losartan treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that hypoxia and VEGF treatment differentially regulate the angiopoietin-Tie2 system in the two vascular cells. Ang2 and VEGF expressions were predominantly increased in type 2 diabetic rats, and the unopposed action of Ang2 with VEGF might be involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy. The renin-angiotensin system may be a potential mechanism for the up-regulated VEGF-Ang2 system
- Correlation of C-reactive Protein with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Korean Women with Normal or Impaired Glucose Tolerance.
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Soon Beom Kwon, Kyung Mook Choi, Soo Yeon Park, Hye Jin Yoo, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Sang Soo Park, Hee Young Kim, Kye Won Lee, Ji A Seo, Jeong Heon Oh, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(5):432-440. Published online October 1, 2004
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- BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported that type 2 diabetes is associated with the increased blood concentrations of markers for the acute phase response, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum sialic acid and fibrinogen. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced acute-phase response is a major pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes in elderly Korean women. METHODS: We randomly selected a total of 232 non-smoking and non-diabetic female subjects among a total of 1,737 elderly subjects aged over 60 years who had participated in a population based study in Seoul, Korea (SWS Study 1999). We compared concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as the acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP), between the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESULTS: The IGT group showed higher serum high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) concentrations than did the NGT group (the median was 1.2 versus 0.9, respectively, p<0.05). Moreover, a close relationship between serum hs-CRP concentrations and many components of the metabolic syndrome was found. However, serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were not increasedin the IGT group, and they were not closely correlated with the components of metabolic syndrome. Multiple regression analysis using a stepwise selection method showed that the white blood cell counts, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, post-load 2h glucose, hematocrit and LDL cholesterol were associated with hs-CRP. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the relationship between C-reactive protein, impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome in elderly Korean women.
- Serum CRP levels are associated with Estradiol levels and Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Korean Women.
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Kwon Beom Kim, Hee Young Kim, Kye Won Lee, Ji A Seo, Jeong Heon Oh, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Chol Shin, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(4):324-337. Published online August 1, 2004
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- BACKGROUND
Several reports have recently suggested a positive correlation between components of metabolic syndrome (MS) or insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and markers of the acute-phase response, including C-reactive protein (CRP). These results imply that MS and type 2 diabetes are the results of ongoing inflammatory process. Whether estrogen plays a beneficial role in preventing atherosclerosis has been a matter of controversy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum levels of estradiol (E2) and the components of the MS and CRP in nondiabetic subjects of Ansan Health Study (AHS). METHODS: Eight-hundred and ninety-one healthy non-diabetic women aged over 18 years were enrolled. After measurements of the anthropometric and metabolic parameters, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed with regard to the CRP level, as a dependent variable, and with regards to age, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose levels, HOMA-IR and fat content as independent variables. RESULTS: In the multiple linear regression analysis, the CRP concentration was found to be independently associated with the E2 level, total fat content, leukocyte counts, and total cholesterol level in all subjects and the serum E2 levels was correlated with age, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and the CRP level. When subjects were grouped according to their number of MS or IRS components, the CRP levels were found to show statistically significant differences between the MS and IRS groups. CONCLUSION: As a marker of chronic inflammation, the serum CRP level was independently associated with the components of MS and IRS. Also, the serum CRP and E2 levels were positively correlated. These results suggest that estrogen and CRP might play some independent roles in chronic inflammation which is a part of MS and IRS.
- Plasma and urinary Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Jeong Heon Oh, Hye Jin Yoo, Soo Yeon Park, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Sang Soo Park, Soon Beom Kwon, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Kye Won Lee, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Dae Ryong Cha, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(2):111-121. Published online April 1, 2004
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- BACKGROUND
VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neovascularization and endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. However, its precise role in diabetic nephropathy is still unknown. Our aims were to determine whether alterations of plasma and urinary VEGF levels were related to diabetic microvascular complications, especially nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: 107 type 2 diabetic patients, without non-diabetic kidney diseases, and 47 healthy control subjects were studied. The urinary albumin excretion was defined as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR) in 24 hour urine samples. The study subjects were divided into four groups: a nondiabetic healthy control group(n=47), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group(ACR <30mug/mg, n=37), a microalbuminuric diabetic group(ACR 30~299mug/mg, n=37) and an overt proteinuric diabetic group(ACR=300mug/mg, n=33). The plasma and urinary VEGF levels were measured in these subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: 1) The urinary VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage(log VEGF/Cr, normoalbuminuria; 4.33+/-1.06 vs. control; 3.53+/-0.79, p=0.009). The levels of urinary VEGF excretions increased with advancing diabetic nephropathy stage. 2) The plasma and urinary VEGF levels were higher in the hypertensive diabetic than the normotensive diabetic patients. 3) In the diabetic patients, the level of plasma VEGF was positively correlated with the BUN(r=0.398, p=0.039) and urinary ACR (r=0.251, p=0.044). The level of urinary VEGF was positively correlated with the urinary ACR(r=0.645, p<0.001), and creatinine(r=0.336, p=0.009), but negatively correlated with the level of serum albumin(r=-0.557, p<0.001). Both the levels of urinary VEGF and serum creatinine were independently correlated with the urinary ACR. CONCLUSIONS: The excretion of urinary VEGF increased at a relatively earlier stage in diabetic nephropathy and was significantly correlated with the excretion of urinary albumin. These results suggested the possibility of urinary VEGF as a sensitive marker or the detection of diabetic nephropathy and in predicting disease progression.
- Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Koreans with the Metabolic Syndrome.
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Kyung Mook Choi, Kye Won Lee, Sul Hye Ryoung, Ji A Seo, Jeong Heon Oh, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2004;28(1):36-44. Published online February 1, 2004
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- BACKGROUND
The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is known as metabolic syndrome. In this study, the association between the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), a novel non-invasive means of measuring atherosclerosis, and the cardiovascular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome were investigated. METHODS: The study group comprised 460 non-diabetic Koreans, male:female ratio 158:302, with a mean age of 52.4+/-11.3 years. The anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose(FBG), lipid profiles, ankle-brachial pressure index(ABI) and baPWV were measured in each subject. RESULTS: The ABI and baPWV levels were significantly higher in the men than the women. In both the men and women, the baPWV was closely associated with the cardiovascular risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Those who had more metabolic syndrome components showed higher baPWV levels. Women with metabolic syndrome showed higher baPWV levels compared to those without (1517+/-281 vs. 1336+/-250, P<0.001). A multiple regression analysis showed the baPWV to be significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and FBG (adjusted R-square 0.554). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the baPWV was significantly associated with the features of metabolic syndrome, including the FBG, in non-diabetic Koreans.
- Relations between Insulin Resistance and Hematologic Parameters in Elderly Koreans: Southwest Seoul (SWS) Study.
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Kye Won Lee, Hye Jin Yoo, Soo Yeon Park, Ohk Hyun Ryu, Sang Soo Park, Soon Beom Kwon, Hee Young Kim, Ji A Seo, Jeong Heon Oh, Dong Hyun Shin, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi, Hyoung Jin Kim
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Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(4):352-361. Published online August 1, 2003
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- BACKGROUND
The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is known as insulin resistance syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia has been suggested as a cardiovascular risk factor due to the capacity of insulin to induce vascular endothelial proliferation and atherosclerosis. Insulin also has been shown to stimulate erythroid colony formation independently of erythropoietin. WBC count is one of the major components of the inflammatory process and is increased by IL-6, which is high in those with features of insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated whether insulin resistance affects hematological parameters. METHODS: In this study, 1,314, randomly selected, non-diabetic, elderly subjects over 60 years living in the southwest area of Seoul were recruited. Subjects underwent 75 g OGTT and careful physical examinations during evaluation, and were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Biochemical data and hematologic parameters were also measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) method. Analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple comparisons and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out. RESULTS: In the male non-smoking group we found a correlation between insulin resistance and hemoglobin concentration (r=0.20, p=0.0186). In the female non- smoking group we found correlations between insulin resistance and both hemoglobin concentration (r=0.10, p=0.0017) and white blood cell (WBC) count (r=0.15, p=0.001). Hemoglobin concentration and WBC count were also correlated with BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profiles and fasting insulin levels in female non-smokers. In multiple regression analysis, using HOMA IR as a dependent variable, we found significance in the variables of hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, age, BMI and triglyceride level. CONCLUSION: Our study provided evidence for a relation between insulin resistance and hematological parameters such as hemoglobin concentration and WBC count in elderly Koreans. This suggests that increased hemoglobin level and WBC count could be considered as novel aspects of the met.
- Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Korean.
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Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(4):299-303. Published online August 1, 2003
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- Detection of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy by 24-Hour Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
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Young Hee Rho, Nan Hee Kim, Dong Lim Kim, Dong Hyun Shin, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Woo Hyuk Song, Sei Hyun Baik, Woo Keun Seo, Min Kyu Park, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(3):208-219. Published online June 1, 2002
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- BACKGROUND
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a relatively common diabetic complication, associated with high long-term mortality. Ewing's test is known as the 'gold standard' for evaluating and diagnosing this disease, yet is not widely used due to the inconvenient procedures of the test. 24-hour Holter EKG monitoring, and the analytical product, heart rate variability, is being introduced as a relatively simple and reliable procedure for the evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. We explored whether such heart rate variability products derived from Holter monitoring, correlated with the presence, absence, or severity of diabetes mellitus, and whether it correlated well with conventional autonomic tests. METHODS: We compared 59 type 2 diabetic patients with 71 normal subjects. All underwent 24-hr Holter EKG monitoring and basic autonomic evaluations, such as the head-up tilting, hand grip, and deep breathing-heart rate variability tests. Those who had diabetes also underwent evaluation for basic blood chemistry, and complication studies, for things such as: 24-hour urine albumin excretion, fundoscopy and nerve conduction. RESULTS: Variables for heart rate variability were expressed as SDDN, rMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF, where SDDN is the Standard Deviation of all RR intervals, rMSSD the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals, LF the power in the Low Frequency range and HF the power in the High Frequency range, with LF/HF being the ratio between LF and HF. Heart rate variability was significantly lower in terms of rMSSD, LF, HF, but not in terms of the LF/HF ratio, for the diabetic patients compared to the normal subjects. These three variables also correlated with the conventional autonomic tests of systolic blood pressure changes during standing up (negatively), and heart rate variability during deep breathing (positively). SDDN, rMSSD, LF, and HF also correlated negatively with the duration of diabetes. SDDN, LF and HF were significantly lower among patients who had complications such as: retinopathy, nephropathy or peripheral neuropathy, than in those who did not. CONCLUSION: Heart rate variability was lower in type 2 diabetic patients than the control subjects, which correlated well with the duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetic chronic complications and the conventional autonomic nervous function tests, so could be an useful adjunct or even a replacement, for conventional autonomic nervous system testing procedures. More research is needed in this field.
- Adiponectin and Resistin.
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Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(3):147-152. Published online June 1, 2002
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- No abstract available.
- Plasma Leptin Concentration, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Korean Population.
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Dong Lim Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Dong Hyun Shin, Sin Gon Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Jin Kwan Kim, Chol Shin, Seung Gwan Lee, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(2):100-111. Published online April 1, 2002
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- BACKGROUND
Leptin is a hormone that regulates food intake and body weight. It has been demonstrated that the plasma leptin levels correlates with body adiposity. Increased adiposity is accompanied by a low insulin sensitivity, which turns into insulin resistance. Recent studies suggest a complex interrelationship between leptin and insulin or insulin resistance. Therefore, the relationship between leptin and the variables of body adiposity, and insulin resistance in a non-diabetic population was examined. METHODS: 555 healthy non-diabetic people aged 20 to 80 were enrolled in this study. Leptin was measured by the mean radioimmunoassay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with leptin as a dependent variable and with age, sex, BP, the lipid profile, the fasting plasma glucose levels, HOMA-IR and the trunk fat contents as independent variables. RESULTS: The plasma leptin concentrations were higher in women than in men. The leptin concentrations correlated with the body fat content, BMI and HOMA-IR but, less so with age, the fasting plasma glucose levels, the postprandial glucose levels, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. After adjusting for the body mass index, the leptin levels significantly correlated with both the body fat content and the HOMA-IR. The results between males and females were similar when the data was analyzed after dividing by gender. Gender, the trunk fat content, HOMA-IR, and the total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were independent variables which influences the log transformed leptin in multiple logistic regression analysis. When the subjects were grouped according to the number of insulin resistance syndrome including dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, there was a linear increase in the leptin concentration with an increase in the number of the components of insulin resistance syndrome. CONCLUSION: The plasma leptin concentrations are related to adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in the non-diabetic Korean population. The relationship between leptin and insulin resistance independent of body fat suggests that insulin resistance might play some role in the development of hyperleptinemia and vice versa
- Effect of Protein Kinase C Inhibitor on Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT1) Expression in Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells.
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Ie Byung Park, Dae Ryong Cha, Dong Rim Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Dong Hyun Shin, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(3):218-229. Published online June 1, 2001
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- BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested that increased glucose uptake via GLUT1 may be a major determinant of glucose utilization and extracellular matrix formation in mesangial cells. This study was to evaluate the effect of protein kinase C inhibitor on glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) expression in cultured rat mesangial cells. METHODS: The GLUT1 expression was evaluated in mesangial cells exposed to various glucose concentrations of media (5.5 mM, 15 mM or 30 mM) and incubation times (6 hr, 24 hr or 72 hr) by semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The effect of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on GLUT1 expression was also evaluated under the same conditions. RESULTS: The GLUT1 mRNA expressions were significantly increased in MG (15 mM) and HG (30 mM) than those in NG (5.5 mM) with incubation of 6 hr, 24 hr and 72 hr, respectively. In HG media, the GLUT1 mRNA expression with incubation of 24 hr and 72 hr were significantly increased than that with incubation of 6 hr, respectively. In HG media, the GLUT1 mRNA expressions were significantly reduced in calphostin C and PMA treated groups compared with those in untreated groups. In western blot analysis of HG media, GLUT1 proteins were identified in PMA- or calphostin C-untreated group and PMA 6 hr treated group, but not identified in PMA 24 hr treated group and in calphostin C-treated groups with incubation of 6 hr and 24 hr. CONCLUSION: PKC inhibitors decrease glucose-induced GLUT1 expression under high glucose concentration in mesangial cells. These results suggest that PKC pathway may regulate GLUT1 expression under high glucose concentration in cultured rat mesangial cells.
- Effect of Probucol on the Apoptosis of Pancreatic Islet Cells in Multiple Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic (LDSD) Mice.
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Kyung Mook Choi, Dong Rim Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Chul Hwan Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(2):152-163. Published online April 1, 2001
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- BACKGROUND
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus(DM) is consequence of pancreatic beta cell destruction by immune interactions of auto-reactive T cells and cytokines. In individuals with genetic predisposition, an environmental insult triggers immune reaction against beta cells to produce clinical type 1 DM. Since the capacity to form new beta cells from precursors and power of replication appear to be limited, the susceptibility of beta cell to death may be the major underlying variable influencing the occurrence of type 1 DM. However, the precise mechanism of beta cell death is not known. Apoptosis is a physiologic form of cell death and recent studies reported that it could play an important role in beta cell death in experimental diabetic animal models such as multiple low dose streptozotocin diabetic (LDSD) mice or non- obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Probucol is a hypocholesterolemic agent with antioxidant properties. Some studies reported that the probucol could reduce the blood glucose level in type 1 animal models but the mechanism was not known. Therefore, this study was performed to define whether the probucol could decrease the degree of hyperglycemia and the mechanism of its attenuation on the severity of pancreatic insulitis by reducing the degree of apoptosis in LDSD mice. METHODS: We performed an experimental study with male Charles-River CD-1 mice. Mice were divided into the 30 streptozotocin-induced diabetics, 30 probucol- treated streptozotocin-induced diabetics. At 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days after streptozotocin administration, the blood glucose level was measured and mice were sacrificed to determine the grade of insulitis and apoptosis. The numbers of apoptotic cells of pancreatic islets were compared using double staining immunohistochemical method (TUNEL and insulin antibody staining). RESULTS: The level of blood glucose and the severity of insulitis were decreased in the probucol treated LDSD mice group significantly when compared with the control LDSD mice group. The numbers of apoptotic cells of pancreatic islets were decreased in the probucol group. The appearance of apoptosis of beta cells preceded the development of insulitis in LDSD mice. CONCLUSION: Probucol can reduce blood glucose level and the severity of insulitis by the decrease of apoptosis in LDSD mice.
- Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus in Elderly Korean in Southwest Seoul (SWS Study): Comparision of 1997 ADA and 1985 WHO Criteria in Elderly Korean.
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Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi, Young Jik Cho, Kyung Oh Kim, Dong Rim Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Shin Gon Kim, Dong Hyun Shin, Ie Byung Park, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(2):125-132. Published online April 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
The prevalence of diabetes in Korea is increasing rapidly, however we do not have much reliable data to prove it. Thus, the Southwest Seoul Study (SWS Study) designed to investigate the prevalence of diabetes (Clinical impact of new diagnostic criteria of ADA compare to the one of WHO), other metabolic diseases, and the proportion of diabetes related mortalities in the elderly Korean southwest Seoul population in prospectively. However, in this report we summarized the prevalence of diabetes only. METHODS: Randomly selected 1,737 elderly subjects over 60 years who lived in southwest area of Seoul were recruited in this study. Subjects underwent 75 gOGTT, interviewed using the standardized questionnaire, and careful physical examinations during the evaluation. Biochemical data were collected from 1,652 subjects and were analysed for this report. Of 1,652 subjects, we identified 196 pre-diabetics. However, these subjects were included in this analysis. ADA criteria [FBS>or=126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)] and WHO criteria [75 gOGTT, pp2h >or= 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)] were used as the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes. ADA and WHO criteria for impaired glucose tolerance [IGT, WHO: FBS<7.0 mmol/L, 7.8 mmol/L
- Effect of Glycosaminoglycan on Proteinuria and Urinary N-acetyl- -D-Glucosaminidase Excretion in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats.
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Kyung Mook Choi, Dae Ryong Cha, Sang Youb Han, Dong Rim Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(5):533-540. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
- BACKGROUND
Increased loss of proteoglycan (PG) characterized by an increased loss of anionic charges in the basement membrane has been considered as one of main factors causing urinary loss of albumin. The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polymers of repeated disaccharides and the GAG chains are covalently bound to core proteins, forming proteoglycans. It is known that urinary N-acetyl- -D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion is a sensitive marker of renal damage and is increased before other renal functional parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GAG treatment is capable of influencing urinary protein and NAG excretion in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats which are known as type 2 diabetic animal model. METHODS: Fifteen male OLETF rats and twenty male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used for this study. LETO rats are non-diabetic control rats. All OLETF rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control group (n=10) given only tap water and GAG group (n=5) feeding with GAG 10 mg/kg from 7 weeks to 55 weeks of age. Measurement of body weight, blood glucose, serum BUN and creatinine was performed periodically. 24-hour urine collection for measurement of urinary protein and NAG excretion was done at 17, 25, 37, 46, 55 weeks of age. RESULTS: 1) OLETF rats showed higher body weight, blood glucose, 24-hour urinary protein and NAG excretion compared with LETO rats. But serum concentration of BUN and creatinine were not different between OLETF and LETO rats. 2) GAG-treated OLETF rats exhibited lower urinary protein/creatinine excretion (17.48+/-0.50 vs 22.49+/-0.11 mg/mg Cr, p< 0.05) and NAG (17.40+/-5.94 vs 43.73+/- 7.44 nmol/h/mg Cr, p< 0.05) excretion compared with non-treated OLETF rats. But body weights, blood glucose, serum concentration of BUN and creatinine were not different between GAG-treated OLETF rats and non-treated OLETF rats. CONCLUSION: 1) The urinary excretion of NAG may be a possible early marker of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats. 2) Urinary protein and NAG excretion were decreased in the GAG-treated OLETF rats. GAG seems to have a protective effect against development of diabetic nephropathy.
- The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy - A 12 week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial -.
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Kyung Mook Choi, Dong Rim Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(3):375-384. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
In the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, metabolic derangement and ischemic damage have been considered as the major possible mechanisms. Ginkgo biloba extract was known to improve microcirculation by its vasodilator and antiplatelet effects, and used for peripheral and cerebral circulatory disorder. It also acts as free radical scavenger and inhibits oxidative damage. Thus, in this study we evaluate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on symptoms and nerve conduction study in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: In this study, over 3 months period, we recruited a total of 33 type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Nineteen patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo, and fourteen patients to receive Ginkgo biloba extract (40 mg tid) for a duration of 12 weeks. We measured fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hour blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin and the lipid profiles. Clinical evaluation included neuropathy symptom score and nerve conduction study, and it was performed before and after the treatment. RESULTS: During the treatment, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 hour blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and the lipid profiles were not significantly changed. Furthermore, no significant changes of neuropathy symptom score were observed during the treatment period. However, in Ginkgo biloba extract treatment group, motor nerve conduction velocities of median and ulnar nerve were improved significantly when compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION: With the 12 weeks Ginkgo biloba extract treatment, we observed some improvement of nerve conduction velocity without any serious side effect.
- The Effect of BCG Vaccine on Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
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Jeong Heon Oh, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi, Nan Hee Kim, Ie Byung Park, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(3):340-347. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) results from autoimmune destruction of -cells of the pancreas. Many treatments aimed at inducing remission of newly diagnosed type 1 DM or preventing of type 1 DM in high risk group are being conducted. BCG is known to modulate the development of spontaneous diabetes in animal model of type 1 DM. In some studies, single injection of BCG induced clinical remission in recent onset type 1 DM patients. However, the effect of BCG on human is still controversial. Thus, we performed a prospective study to evaluate the effect of BCG on type 1 DM. METHODS: We enrolled a total of 23 type 1 DM patients within 6 months period. Randomly selected 14 patients were injected 0.1 ml BCG intradermally and 9 patients were injected normal saline. Fasting and postprandial 2 hour C-peptides, and insulin requirements were measured in all patients at enrollment and at 6, 12 and 24 months after BCG vaccination. RESULTS: At enrollment, there was no significant difference in age, sex, duration of diabetes, HbA1-C, body mass index, fasting and postprandial 2 hour C-peptides, and insulin requirement between BCG group and control group. During follow-up, there was no significant difference in fasting and postprandial 2 hour C-peptides. However postprandial 2 hour C-peptides in BCG group were higher than those in control group at 12 and 24 months (p-value>0.05). Insulin requirements also were lower in BCG group than in control group at 12 and 24 months (p-value>0.05). Clinical remission has been sustained in 2 BCG vaccinated patients at 6 and 12 months. In one of the two patients, remission was sustained for 36 months. CONCLUSION: BCG vaccine is safe and convenient to use, however, a large study is warranted for the use of BCG as a therapy of type 1 DM.
- The Relation Between DHEA, DHEAS and Syndrome X, Cardiovascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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Yong Hyun Kim, Jeong Heon Oh, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sang Jin Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 2000;24(2):234-244. Published online January 1, 2001
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Insulin is known as a major factor that regulates secretion of DHEA and DHEAS. Numerous studies are exist to investigate the relationship between DHEA(S) and insulin resistance. Furthermore, numerous previous studies revealed that insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenic relationship between DHEA(S) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, number of studies to investigate the difference of levels of DHEA(S) according to the presence of syndrome X in type 2 diabetes mellitus are limited. METHODS: In type 2 diabetes, aged from 40 to 70 years old, the levels of serum DHEA and DHEAS was compared between the subejcts with or without syndrome X as well as the normal age and sex matched control. Furthermore, correlation between serum DHEA/DHEAS and insulin resistance, and the levels of DHEA/DHEAS according to the cardiovascular complication status was also evaluated. RESULTS: 1. No statistical difference in serum DHEA and DHEAS was observed among the 3 groups. However, the serum DHEA and DHEAS levels were lower in type 2 diabetes with syndrome X and higher in normal control. 2. No correlation was observed between DHEA, DHEAS and insulin resistance factors. 3. No stastistical difference in serum DHEA and DHEAS was observed in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications. However, the level of DHEA was lower in the patients with cardiovascular complications. 4. No stastistical difference in serum DHEA and DHEAS was observed according to the presence of cardiovascular complications when analysis was performed in 55 years and younger subjects. 5. The level of DHEA was lower in the presence of cardiovascular complication when only male diabetic subjects were included in the analysis, but the level of DHEAS showed no difference according to the cardiovascular complication status. CONCLUSION: No statistical difference of the levels of serum OHEA and DHEAS was observed according to the presence of syndrome X in type 2 diabetes patients, However, the level of serum DHEA tended to be lower in the presence of cardiovascular complications. The levels of DHEA in male diabetic subjects were lower in the presence of cardiovascular complication, thus, we suspected that DHEA may play a potential role as one of risk factors of cardiovascular complications in this subgroup.
- Effects of Insulin and Vitamin E on the Apoptosis of Pancreatic Islet Cells in Multiple Low dose Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic (LDSD) Mice.
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Yong Hyun Kim, Jeong Hun Oh, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Muk Choi, Sang Jin Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Eung Seok Lee, Min Chul Lee, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(6):757-767. Published online January 1, 2001
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from irreversible loss of beta cells in pancreatic islet. It is generally known that abnormal MHC expression and interaction of variable cytokines play a role in beta cell death, but the precise mechanism of beta cell death is unknown. Apoptosis is a physiological form of cell death and can play an important role in beta cell death in experimental diabetic animal models. Thus, in insulin and vitamin E treated LDSD mice and streptozotocin treated control mice. We attempted to comparing the levels of blood glucose (BG), the degree of insulitis, and number of apoptotic cells. Our study goal was to understand inhibition of apoptosis which thought to play an important mechanism in reducing the degree of hyperglycemia and insulitis. METHODS: In 3 LDSD mice groups (group 1: control group with streptozotocin only, group 2: streptozotocin plus insulin, group 3: streptozotocin plus vitamin E), the effects of insulin and vitamin E on the blood glucose levels and the degree of insulitis were evaluated. The number of apoptotic cells of pancreatic islet was compared using double staining immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The levels of BG, degree of insulitis and the rate of apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells were decreased in insulin and vitamin E treated groups when compared to the control group. There was no difference in number of apoptotic cells between insulin and vitamin E treated group, but levels of BG and degree of insulitis were higher in vitamin E treated group than insulin treated group as time elapsed. CONCLUSION: Insulin and vitamin E can decrease the elevation of BG and the degree of insulitis via inhibition of apoptosis in LDSD mice.
- A Case of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
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Dong Seop Choi, Jeong Heon Oh, Ie Byung Park, Jin Won Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Yong Hyun Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sang Jin Kim, Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(5):715-721. Published online January 1, 2001
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- Severe hypertriglyceridemia exceeding 5.6 mmol/L in diabetic ketoacidosis occasionally occur in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pattern of dyslipidemia is usually Fredrickson classification type lV. But it also exists in type III and type V. However, extreme triglyceridemia, triglyceride level exceeds 22.6 mmol/L, occur rarely in the modern era of insulin therapy. And the pattern is usually Fredrickson type I. The severe hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic ketoacidosis is mainly due to lipoprotein lipase deficiency, and secondly to insulin deficiency. The severity usually improves with insulin replacement. In patients with extreme hypertriglyceri-demia, serum electrolyte values of the patients are fallaciously low, and it leads to the misinterpretation of biochemical results and to the inappropriate treatment. We reported a case of a 25 years old female patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and extreme hypertriglyceridemia. At admission, the color of her serum was milky, her plasma triglyceride concentration was 144.7 mmol/L (12864 mg/dL), cholesterol was 25.5 mmol/L (982 mg/dl), and HDL-cholesterol was 0.77 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). The biochemical values at admission could not be measured. Empirical therapy was administered with the use of insulin and fluid. After the initial treatment with insulin and fluid, plasma triglyceride declined rapidly and was nearly normal after 72 hours. We also measured fasting blood glucose concentration and lipid profiles from her father and two sisters. Their plasma glucose and lipid profiles were normal.
- The Genes of Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Signaling.
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Sei Hyun Baik
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Korean Diabetes J. 1999;23(1):1-6. Published online January 1, 2001
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- No abstract available.
- Serum Levels of Transforming Growth Factor ( TGF ) -beta1 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
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Nan Hee Kim, Jung Heon Oh, Young Hyun Kim, Ie Byung Park, Sang Jin Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 1998;22(4):522-530. Published online January 1, 2001
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Transforming growth factor(TGF)-Bl is a potent inducer of extracellular matrix production and of fibrogenesis and has been associated wnh the occurrence of diabetic complications. Our aim was to determine whether circulating levels of TGF-gl are altered in type 2 DM and, if so, whether they are correlated with blorxi glucose levels and show an association with diabetic complications. METHOD: Serum levels of TGF-gl were measured by quantitative sandwitch enzyme immunoassay in 76 type 2 DM patients and were correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters and the presence of diabetic complications. Result: 1) Serum TGF-B1 levels were correlated with fasting blood glucose levels (r=0.30, p=0.007) and inversely correlated with duration of diabetes (r=-0.31, p=0.007), BUN (r=-0.31, p=0.034), and creatinine (r=-0.40, p=0.004). In linear logistic regression analysis, duration of diabetes and HbA 1C <- were independently related to serum TGF-B1 levels. 2) Serum levels of TGF-B1 were significantly decreased in proteinuria group (n=23) than in normoalbuminuria group (n=26) (69.5+27.5 vs 85.7 +23 ng/mL, p=0.022). TGF-B1 concentrations were inversely correlated with serum creatinine and age in normoalbuminuria group (r=-0.40, p
- Urinary albumin excretion, von Willebrand factor and macrovascular disease in patients with NIDDM.
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Sin Gon Kim, Soo Mi Kim, Dong Hyun Shin, Nan Hee Kim, Yoon Sang Choi, Ie Byung Park, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 1997;21(2):176-184. Published online January 1, 2001
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Increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is not only an independent predictor of progressive renal disease but also an important marker of atherosclerotic disease in patients with NIDDM. However, the pathaphysiologic basis of this observation is poorly understood. Recently, one interesting hypothesis suggested: UAE rnerely reflects a glomerular manifestation of an otherwise generalized vascular dysfunction(hyperpermeable state), and Stehouwer et al. Reported a strong relationship between plasma von Willebrand factor level(a measure of endothelial dysfunction), UAE and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we studied the relationship between UAE, plasma vWF and macrovascular disease in patients with NIDDM. METHODS: We measured UAE and plasma vWF levels in 102 patients with NIDDM, and investigated the telationship between these values and macrovascular diseses. Also, we assesed the risk factars for macrovascular disease. RESULTS: 1) Among total of 102 patients, nonnoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria group were 58 patients(56.9%), 28 patients(27.5%) and 16 patients(15.6%), respectively. 2) The prevalencies of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and macrovascular diseases were the highest in macroalbuminuria group, followed by microalbuminuria and norrnoalbuminuria group in order of frequency. 3) Plasma vWF and UAE levels were significantly correlated(r=0.44). 4) Plasma vWF concentrations were higher in patients with macrovascular diseases than in those without macrovascular diseases, and also higher in patients with retinopathy compared with those without retinopathy. 5) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, smoking and vWF were independent risk factors for macrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: 1) As plasma vWF and UAE values were increased, more macrovascular diseases were observed in patients with NIDDM. 2) Plasma vWF may be used as an indicator of macrovascular disease in patients with NIDDM.
- A case of familial hypertriglyceridemia associated with cutaneousxanthomatosis.
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Chul Weon Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Dong Seop Choi
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Korean Diabetes J. 1992;16(3):241-245. Published online January 1, 2001
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- No abstract available.
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