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Hye Soon Kim  (Kim HS) 12 Articles
Association of the Polymorphisms in the PSMA6 (rs1048990) and PSMB5 (rs2230087) Genes with Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Subjects.
Hee Kyoung Kim, Su Won Kim, Yun Jeong Doh, Sae Rom Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun Gyu Park, Hye Soon Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Min Yoo, Jung Guk Kim, Bo Wan Kim, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(3):204-214.   Published online June 1, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.3.204
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  • 27 Download
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The 26S ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a principal proteolytic pathway of intracellular molecules regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation or differentiation, inflammation and etc. The recent study suggests that the rs1048990 (C/G) polymorphism of the proteasome subunit alpha type 6 (PSMA6) gene is associated with the increase of the risk of myocardial infarction by the dysregulation of IkappaB degradation. We hypothesized that 26S UPS is important in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by controlling the degradation of IkappaB and insulin receptor substances as a substrate. We therefore investigated whether the rs1048990 (C/G) polymorphism of PSMA6 gene and the rs2230087 (G/A) polymorphism of proteasome subunit beta type 5 gene (PSMB5), that is chymotrypsin-like protease determining the rate of proteolysis, are associated with susceptibility to T2DM in Korean subjects. METHODS: We examined the polymorphisms of these genes in 309 diabetic subjects and 170 non-diabetic controls. The polymorphisms of rs1048990 (C/G) and rs2230087 (G/A) were genotyped by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The frequency of the G allele of rs1048990 (C/G) and the A allele of rs2230087 (G/A) polymorphisms was significantly higher in diabetic patients (28% and 13%) compared to that in controls (13% and 1%; P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). Logistic regression analysis of the rs1048990 (C/G) polymorphism showed that the odds ratio (OR) (adjusted for age, smoking, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) was 3.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35-6.59; P = 0.000) for the G allele and 5.09 (95% CI, 2.71-9.57; P = 0.000) for CG and GG genotype when compared with the CC genotype. Logistic regression analysis of the rs2230087 (G/A) polymorphism showed that the adjusted OR was 5.70 (95% CI, 1.63-19.98; P = 0.007) for the A allele and 6.08 (95% CI, 1.66-22.29; P = 0.006) for GA and AA genotype when compared with the GG genotype. In multiple logistic regression analysis with T2DM as the independent Variable rs1048990 (C/G) and rs2230087 (G/A) polymorphisms were the predictor for T2DM. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the G allele of rs1048990 (C/G) polymorphism and the A allele of rs2230087 (G/A) polymorphism may be genetic risk factor to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean subjects.

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  • Ubiquitin-proteasome system in diabetic retinopathy
    Zane Svikle, Beate Peterfelde, Nikolajs Sjakste, Kristine Baumane, Rasa Verkauskiene, Chi-Juei Jeng, Jelizaveta Sokolovska
    PeerJ.2022; 10: e13715.     CrossRef
  • 1,4‐Dihydropyridine derivatives without Ca2+‐antagonist activity up‐regulate Psma6 mRNA expression in kidneys of intact and diabetic rats
    Kristīne Ošiņa, Evita Rostoka, Jelizaveta Sokolovska, Natalia Paramonova, Egils Bisenieks, Gunars Duburs, Nikolajs Sjakste, Tatjana Sjakste
    Cell Biochemistry and Function.2016; 34(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Genetic variations in the PSMA3, PSMA6 and PSMC6 genes are associated with type 1 diabetes in Latvians and with expression level of number of UPS-related and T1DM-susceptible genes in HapMap individuals
    Tatjana Sjakste, Natalia Paramonova, Kristine Osina, Kristine Dokane, Jelizaveta Sokolovska, Nikolajs Sjakste
    Molecular Genetics and Genomics.2016; 291(2): 891.     CrossRef
The Effect of Chronic High Glucose Concentration on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in INS-1 Cells.
Mi Kyung Kim, Hye Young Seo, Tae Sung Yun, Nam Kyung Kim, Yu Jin Hah, Yun Jung Kim, Ho Chan Cho, Young Yun Jang, Hye Soon Kim, Seong Yeol Ryu, In Kyu Lee, Keun Gyu Park
Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(2):112-120.   Published online April 1, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.2.112
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure is one of the characteristic features of pancreatic beta-cells. Recent study showed that ER stress causes beta-cell dysfunction. However, little is known about the effects of high glucose concentration on induction of ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate whether exposure of high glucose concentration in rat insulinoma cell line, INS-1 cell induces ER stress and whether ER stress decreases insulin gene expression. METHODS: The effect of 30 mM glucose on insulin expression and secretion in INS-1 cells was evaluated by Northern blot analysis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Cell viability was evaluated by XTT assay. The effect of 30 mM glucose on phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and CHOP expression, which are markers of ER stress were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine whether high glucose concentration induces XBP-1 splicing. To investigate whether ER stress decreases insulin gene expression, the effect of tunicamycin on insulin mRNA expression was evaluated by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The prolonged exposure of INS-1 cells with the 30 mM glucose concentration decreased insulin mRNA expression in a time dependent manner and impaired GSIS while did not influence on cell viability. 30 mM glucose increased phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, XBP-1 splicing and CHOP expression in INS-1 cells. Tunicamycin-treated INS-1 increased XBP-1 splicing and decreased insulin mRNA expression in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: This study showed that prolonged exposure of INS-1 with high glucose concentration induces ER stress and ER stress decreases insulin gene expression. Further studies about underlying molecular mechanism by which ER stress induces beta-cell dysfunction are needed.
A Case of Cured Diabetes Mellitus after Occult Malignant Pheochromocytoma Removal.
Ho Chan Cho, Hye Soon Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Yu Jin Hah, Nam Keong Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Keun Gyu Park, Yong Hoon Kim, Sun Young Kwon
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(6):520-524.   Published online November 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.6.520
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  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Pheochromocytoma is characterized by a combination of various clinical manifestations that include the classic triad of severe headache, palpitations and diaphoresis. In addition, hyperglycemia can be caused by overproduction of catecholamines, which are secreted by a catecholamine-secreting neoplasm of adrenal or extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue. We encountered a case of diabetes with an occult malignant adrenal pheochromocytoma, who did not have any classic manifestations. A 37-year-old male was admitted because of polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss. Fasting blood glucose level was 497 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c level was 15%, and diabetic retinopathy and peripheral polyneuropathy were also accompanied. Incidentally, right adrenal mass was detected by ultrasonography of abdomen. Urinary excretion of total metanephrine and epinephrine were elevated. Adrenal CT showed a 7.1 cm sized right adrenal cystic mass with enhancing solid portion and hemorrhagic content. The scan with 123I-MIBG revealed the cystic mass with increased rim uptake in the region of right adrenal gland. After removal of the tumor, the increased levels of catecholamine were normalized. Moreover, blood glucose level was normalized without administration of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. The pathologic examination showed that the neoplasm was a malignant adrenal pheochromocytoma. We report this case that diabetes was cured after removal of malignant tumor with literature review at first in Korea.

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  • Pheochromocytoma with Markedly Abnormal Liver Function Tests and Severe Leukocytosis
    Chai Ryoung Eun, Jae Hee Ahn, Ji A Seo, Nan Hee Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(1): 83.     CrossRef
The Effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid on the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
Hye Jin Kim, In Kyu Lee, Young Ho Kim, Soon Young Shin, Young Han Lee, Jung Guk Kim, Bo Wan Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Mi Kyoung Kim, Keun Gyu Park, Seong Yeol Ryu
Korean Diabetes J. 2007;31(3):200-207.   Published online May 1, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2007.31.3.200
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a hallmark of atheroscelrosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. We previously showed that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and has potential anti-atherosclerosis effect in rat carotid artery balloon injured model. Here, we investigated whether alpha-lipoic acid inhibited proliferation of cells and induced apoptosis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS: VSMCs were treated with ALA under each condition, harvested and protein was extracted. Same amount of protein was loaded into SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis was performed with various cell cycle regulation protein. To examine ALA induce apoptosis in VSMCs, FACS and DNA fragmentation assay were performed. Antioxidant effect of ALA was determined by DCF-DA staining. RESULTS: ALA induced VSMCs cell cycle arrest and induced p21, p27 and p53 proteins. Also ALA induced PTEN expression and AMPK phosphorylation. Increased AMPK phosphorylation reduced Erk-2 phosphorylation and finally arrested cell cycle promotion. The apoptotic effect was also shown by ALA treatment. Also we confirmed that ALA reduced ROS generation in VSMCs. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that ALA has anti-proliferative effect and arrests cell proliferation. Therefore, ALA may provide new strategies for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty.
Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter Clinical Trial about the Effect of Cilazapril on Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Combined with Hypertension.
Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Sei Hyun Baik, Hyoung Woo Lee, In Kyu Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Min Ho Shong, Chung Gu Cho, Byoung Hyun Park, Bong Soo Cha, Young Seol Kim
Korean Diabetes J. 2006;30(6):450-458.   Published online November 1, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/jkda.2006.30.6.450
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) improves the vascular endothelial cell function and has a better clinical outcome by decreasing the LDL cholesterol oxidation, hypercoagulability, oxidative stress and improving the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the correlations between the ACEi and the serum markers for the vascular endothelial function in previous studies were not consistent. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between July 2003 and April 2005, 104 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension, who had been admitted to 9 major university hospitals in Korea, were examined. The subjects were randomly allocated to the cilazapril (2.5~5 mg/day) and atenolol (50~100 mg/day) treatment group and given a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine. The lipid profile and the markers for endothelial function, such as vWF, VCAM, E-selectin, tPA, fibrinogen, adiponectin, hsCRP, nitrotyrosine were evaluated and the differences in the variables were compared with those obtained 6 months later. RESULTS: A total 56 subjects completed the 6-months follow up period. Regarding the baseline characteristics, there were no significant differences in the variables observed in the two groups except for HbA1c (P = 0.037), vWF (P = 0.048), and hsCRP (P = 0.038). After 6 months, both groups showed a significant and identical decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the baseline (P < 0.002). However, there were no significant differences in the endothelial markers between each group. On the other hand, there was some deterioration in the triglyceride (P = 0.009) and HbA1c (P = 0.017) levels in the atenolol treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the endothelial function markers observed between the cilazapril and atenolol groups. However, cilazapril had an identical effect on the blood pressure reduction compared with atenolol but had fewer adverse effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism.

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  • Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise
    Annabella Braschi
    American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs.2019; 19(2): 133.     CrossRef
Alpha-Lipoic acid Inhibits TNF-alpha-Induced Fractalkine Expression in Rat aortic Smooth Muscle Cells.
Keun Gyu Park, Hye Soon Kim, Seong Yeol Ryu, Chang Wook Nam, Byung Kyu Chae, Eui Dal Jung, Jung Guk Kim, Bo Wan Kim, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(5):409-417.   Published online September 1, 2005
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BACKGOUND: The induction of vascular inflammation via the proinflammatory cytokine/ nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway is one of the key mechanisms in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests a recently identified chemokine, fractalkine, is involved in arterial inflammation and atherogenesis; however, few studies have examined the effects of pharmacological agents on this process. The purposes of this study were to determine if alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) inhibits the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated fractalkine in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). METHODS: Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured. Northern and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of ALA on the expression of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine in VSMCs. A gel shift assay was performed to examine the mechanism by which ALA inhibits the expression of fractalkine. RESULTS: TNF-alpha markedly induced the expression of fractalkine in primary cultured VSMCs. ALA inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine in cultured VSMCs. The result of the gel shift assay suggested the inhibitory effects of AS-6 on the expression of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine were mediated via the NF-kappaB pathway. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that ALA has anti-inflammatory effects on VSMCs, which are mediated by the inhibitoin, at least in part, of the NF-kappaB dependent inflammatory signal-stimulated expression of fractalkine. Our data suggest the possibility that antioxidants, such as ALA, inhibit the NF-kappaB pathway, which may be used to prevent the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Ascochlorin Derivative, AS-6, Inhibits TNF-alpha-Induced fractalkine, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 Expression in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells.
Young Yun Jang, Sang Yoon Kim, Nam Keong Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Hee Kyoung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Chang Wook Nam, Seong Yeol Ryu, Sung Il Nam, Keun Gyu Park
Korean Diabetes J. 2005;29(5):401-408.   Published online September 1, 2005
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BACKGOUND: Inflammation is one of the key mechanisms in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferators- activated receptorgamma(PPARgamma) plays an important role in the prevention of arterial inflammation and the formation of atherogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate whether the new synthetic PPARgamma, ascochlorin-6(AS-6) has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects in primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). METHODS: Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured. Northern and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of AS-6 on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated fractalkine, monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in VSMCs. A gel shift assay was performed to examine the mechanism by which AS-6 inhibits the expressions of fractalkine, MCP-1 and VCAM-1. RESULTS: TNF-alpha markedly induced the expressions of fractalkine, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 in primary cultured VSMCs. AS-6 inhibited the expressions of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 in primary cultured VSMCs. The result of the gel shift assay suggested the inhibitory effects of AS-6 on the expressions of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 were mediated through a nuclear factor kappaB associated pathway. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that AS-6 has anti-inflammatory effects on VSMCs, suggesting the possibility for the use of AS-6 for prevention of the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Insulin Gene Therapy Using HVJ-liposome and Epstein-Barr Virus Plasmid in Murine Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes.
Yong Deuk Kim, Keun Gyu Park, Seong Wook Han, Jong Doek Ahn, Hyo Jung Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Nam Hee Park, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(5):405-413.   Published online October 1, 2003
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Despite improvement in insulin preparation and delivery, the use of insulin therapy alone to maintain normal glucose concentration and prevent the development of diabetic complication is not easy. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in developing gene therapy to supply insulin. We investigated that the administration of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)- liposome complex, containing human insulin construct into the portal vein to control the blood glucose level in murine streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. METHODS: Human insulin gene was delivered to STZ-induced diabetic rats through the portal vein using HVJ-liposome containing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicon-based plasmid (pEB). Blood glucose and body weight were measured after insulin gene delivery. The animals were sacrificed 28 days later and the livers were collected for immuno-histochemical staining of insulin. In addition plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were measured. RESULTS: Significant decrease in blood glucose levels and an increase in insulin and C-peptide levels were observed in the insulin gene transfection group as compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical staining of insulin also showed significant differences between these two groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the possibility of insulin gene therapy through the portal vein using pEB and HVJ-liposome method to produce a sustained improvement of diabetic glucose metabolism.
Polymorphism of Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Obesity.
Hye Soon Kim, In Kyu Lee, Young Sung Suh
Korean Diabetes J. 2003;27(2):123-131.   Published online April 1, 2003
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BACKGROUND
The application of genetics to obesity has made remarkable progress in recent years. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates food intake, and possibly that of energy expenditure. The MC4R gene is the most prevalent obesity gene found to date in humans. The prevalence of single nucleotide substitution, replacing valine with isoleucine, at codon 103 was studied, and the role of the MC4R gene polymorphism on the body weight, fat distribution and lipid profile were determined. METHODS: Anthropometry and biochemical studies were performed on 226 subjects (82 male and 144 female subjects). The MC4R genotype was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. The body fat distributions were measured by computerized tomography. RESULTS: The frequencies of the homozygotes, Val103Val and Val103/Ile, were 88.9 and 11.1%, respectively. The frequencies of the heterozygotes were similar (11.8 vs. 10.6%) in the control and obese groups. However, the heterozygotes had lower waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) (p=0.033) and visceral fat masses (p=0.038) compared to the homozygotes. In the obese group, the heterozygotes had lower body mass indices (BMI) and visceral fat masses (p=0.043 and p=0.044, respectively). The heterozygote males had lower BMI and fasting plasma glucose levels (p=0.046 and p<0.001, respectively) than the homozygote males. The heterozygote females tended to have lower WHR (p=0.081) than the homozygote females. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that mutations in the MC4R gene are likely to be a cause of human obesity, and possibly of metabolic syndrome.
The Effect of alpha-lipoic Acid on Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Intralipid Infusion in Healthy Volunteers.
Dong Wook Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Tae Sung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Sang Jun Lee, Seung Ho Hur, Kyo Cheol Mun, Yong Won Cho, Jae Hoon Bae, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(5):336-346.   Published online October 1, 2002
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunciton has been proposed as an early manifestation of atherogenesis. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that hypertriglyceridemia and elevated free fatty acid are important risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis, probably through an increased oxidative stress. To clarify the hypothesis, we evaluated the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the endothelial dysfunction induced by intralipid infusion in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Hypertriglyceridemia and elevated free fatty acids was induced by infusion of intralipid. FMD (Flow-mediated dilation) of the brachial artery was investigated noninvasively by a high-resolution ultrasound technique in 13 young, healthy men without risk factors for coronary heart disease. RESULTS: Plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid and the superoxide anion were increased from 61.7+/-28.8 to 332.6+/-202.5 mg/dL, from 330.7+/-131.1 to 1267.0+/-486.2 microEq/L and from 6.6+/-2.2 to 8.7+/-1.5 X 10(-7)nmol/10(6)cells/30min (vs. basal p<0.001), respectively, following infusion of the intralipid. The FMD was decreased from 10.1+/-3.3 to 7.7+/-3.7% (vs. basal p<0.01) following infusion of the intralipid. After treatment with ALA, the increase in the FMD and the decrease in superoxide anion were significant. CONCLUSION: Acute hypertriglyceridemia, induced by intralipid infusion, is implicated in endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction was reversed by treatment with ALA. These results suggest that chronic and repeated hypertriglyceridemia may play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis probably by increasing oxidative stress.
The effect of advanced glycation and products on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell.
Hye Soon Kim, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2002;26(2):87-90.   Published online April 1, 2002
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AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.
The Effect of alpha-Lipoic Acid on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Migration, Neointimal Formation and PAI-1 Expression.
Dong Woo Shin, Dong Wook Lee, Sang Jun Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Hyo Gyoung Kang, Jong Deok Ahn, In Kyu Lee
Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(6):446-459.   Published online December 1, 2001
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AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Exposure to large amounts of glucose causes a characteristic dysfunction and morphologic changes of the endothelium by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which modulates fibrinolysis and cell migration, may influence proteolysis and neointimal formation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Antioxidants have been proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic events. This study investigated the effect of (alpha)-Lipoic acid on PAI-1 expression and VSMC proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: In the in vitro study, cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) were incubated in a medium containing high glucose (22 mM) and 100 nM angiotensin II for 4 hour. After (alpha)-Lipoic acidtreatment, a -migration and growth assay of the RASMC, and a gel mobility shift assay and reporter gene analysis for nuclear factor- B (NF-kappa B) and northern blot analysis for PAI-1 were performed. In the in vivo study, the effect of (alpha)-Lipoic acid on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid balloon injury model was evaluated. RESULTS: RASMC migration was inhibited significantly by (alpha)-Lipoic acid (p<0.01), but their proliferation was not inhibited. The NF-kappa B DNA binding activity and NF-kappa B promoter activity was inhibited by (alpha)-Lipoic acid significantly (p<0.01). (alpha)-Lipoic acid inhibited PAI-1 mRNA expression by high glucose and angiotensin II in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). In the rat carotid artery balloon injury model, neointimal formation was reduced by (alpha)-Lipoic acid treatment in a dose dependent manner significantly (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: (alpha)-Lipoic acid suppresses migration, but not proliferation in RASMC. (alpha)-Lipoic acid also reduce neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injured model. This effect might be related to the blocking of NF-kappa B which increase the expression of the genes associated with atherosclerosis including TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, endothelin-1, MCP-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, tissue factor.

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