- The Effects of Low-Calorie Diets on Abdominal Visceral Fat, Muscle Mass, and Dietary Quality in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.
-
Hee Jung Ahn, Youn Ok Cho, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Yun Hyi Ku, Bo Kyung Koo, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(6):526-536. Published online December 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.6.526
-
-
2,902
View
-
57
Download
-
7
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
Weight loss through low-calorie diets (LCDs) decreases visceral fat (VF). However, the effects on muscle mass, changes of dietary quality, and insulin sensitivity are unknown for Korean obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Therefore, this study examined such effects of LCDs. METHODS: A total of 30 obese type 2 diabetic subjects (body mass index, 27.0 +/- 2.2 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to an LCD or control group. Subjects on LCDs took 500~1,000 kcal fewer energy than their usual dietary intake (1,000~1,500 kcal/day) over the course of 12 weeks. The abdominal VF and femoral muscle mass were evaluated by computed tomography, and insulin sensitivity was assessed using an insulin tolerance test (Kitt; rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance, %/min). Dietary nutrient intake consumed by subjects was assessed by 3-day food records. RESULTS: The percent VF reduction was -23.4 +/- 17.2% in the LCD group and -9.8 +/- 11.8% in the control group after 12 weeks (P < 0.001, P = 0.002). However, significant decrease in femoral mass or proportional change of marcronutrient intake and mean adequacy ratio were not found in the LCD group, as compared to the control group. Insulin sensitivity improved in the LCD group, as compared to the control group (P = 0.040). CONCLUSION: LCD effectively improved insulin sensitivity and reduced abdominal VF without reduction of femoral muscle and dietary quality in obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The association between measurement sites of visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women
Hye-Ok Lee, Jung-Eun Yim, Jeong-Sook Lee, Young-Seol Kim, Ryowon Choue Nutrition Research and Practice.2013; 7(1): 43. CrossRef - Effects of age on changes of body composition through caloric restriction in overweight and obese women
Jung-Eun Yim, Young-Seol Kim, Ryowon Choue Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(5): 410. CrossRef - The effects of weight loss by a low-calorie diet and a low-calorie plus exercise in overweight undergraduate students
Gun-Ae Yoon, Hyun-Ho Ahn, Bo-Hae Park, Danbi Yoo, Sunmin Park Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(4): 315. CrossRef - Effect of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio in abdominally obese women - Focus on comparison of the WHR decrease and WHR increase groups -
Ji Won Lee, Sook Young Yoo, So Young Yang, Hyesook Kim, Seong Kyung Cho Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(2): 127. CrossRef - The Evaluation of Workplace Obesity Intervention Program using Six Sigma Methodology
Ji Yeon Kang, Ill Keun Park, Yun Kyun Chang, Sook Hee Sung, Yoo Kyoung Park, Sang Woon Cho, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi The Korean Journal of Obesity.2011; 20(4): 193. CrossRef - The Usefulness of an Accelerometer for Monitoring Total Energy Expenditure and Its Clinical Application for Predicting Body Weight Changes in Type 2 Diabetic Korean Women
Ji Yeon Jung, Kyung Ah Han, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Hee Jung Ahn, Jae Hyuk Lee, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(6): 374. CrossRef - The Effects of Low-Calorie Diets on Abdominal Visceral Fat, Muscle Mass, and Dietary Quality in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects (Korean Diabetes J 2009;33:526-36)
Won-Young Lee Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(1): 66. CrossRef
- Relationship of Maximal Muscle Strength with Body Mass Index and Aerobics Capacity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
-
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Bo Kyung Koo, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(6):511-517. Published online December 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.6.511
-
-
2,629
View
-
46
Download
-
4
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
Combination fitness regimens (including aerobic and resistance exercises) are effective for improving cardio-respiratory fitness, reducing visceral fat and increasing insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. The combination exercise intensity that a patient is capable of is limited by his or her aerobic capacity and one repetition maximum (1RM). We investigated the relationships between 1RM, aerobic exercise capacity and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 177 (men: 85, women: 92) diabetic subjects with HbA1c < or = 10% were enrolled. Muscle strength and 1RM were assessed bychest press (upper body) and leg press (lower body). We assessed aerobic capacity by VO2max and muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis. RESULTS: There was no correlation between 1RM and VO2max in type 2 diabetic patients (upper: P = 0.122, lower: P = 0.138 for men, and upper: P = 0.952, lower: P = 0.570 for women). However, 1RM was significantly correlated with muscle mass both in men and women (upper: r = 0.493, P < 0.001, r = 0.315, P = 0.002 lower: r = 0.437 P < 0.001, r = 0.307, P =0.003, respectively). There was also a significant correlation between 1RM and BMI. In obese male subjects with BMI > or = 25 kg/m2, we observed a significant correlation between muscle mass and BMI (r = 0.374, P = 0.032), but this correlation was not observed in women. CONCLUSION: Clinicians treating Korean type 2 diabetic subjects should recommend resistance exercise to their patients. In particular, obese women with diabetes may receive greater benefits by increasing muscle mass through resistance exercises.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Evaluation of Muscle Strength and Endurance in Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Arati V Mahishale, Manali P Kulkarni Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2021; 13(3): 163. CrossRef - The Correlations between Extremity Circumferences with Total and Regional Amounts of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Strength in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Hee Jung Ahn, Jae Hyuk Lee, Gang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(4): 374. CrossRef - The Effects of Aerobic/Resistance Exercise on Body Fat Mass, Muscle Strength and Endothelial Function in Korean Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Patients
Kyung Wan Min Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(1): 6. CrossRef - The Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle and Body Fat Mass and Muscle Strength in Type 2 Diabetic Women
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Bo-Kyung Koo, Ho Chul Kim, Kyung Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 101. CrossRef
- Maximal Muscle Strength Deteriorates with Age in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
-
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Ji Yun Jeong, Sang Ryol Ryu, Bo Kyung Koo, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(5):412-420. Published online October 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.5.412
-
-
2,937
View
-
25
Download
-
5
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
It is difficult to improve muscle strength with only aerobic exercise training in type 2 diabetes patients. Resistance training is effective for improving muscle mass, muscle strength and insulin sensitivity. One repetition maxima (1RM), or the maximum amount of weight a subject can lift in a single repetition, may be a useful unit for evaluating the results of resistance training in type 2 diabetic patients. This study was aimed to assess baseline values for 1RM in a sample of Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus patients that are scaled for intensity and load of exercise, and to assess the relationship of 1RM to age. METHODS: A total of 266 (male: 95, female: 171) Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study sample. Maximal muscle strength was assessed by measuring 1RM for each subject (KEISER, Fresno, CA, USA). Two different exercises were used to measure 1RM: the chest press for the upper extremities, and the leg press for the lower extremities. RESULTS: Both upper and lower values of 1RM decreased with age in men and women; upper 1RM: r = -0.454, P<0.001 in men, r = -0.480, P< 0.001 in women, lower 1RM: r = -0.569, P<0.001 in men, and r = -0.452, P<0.001 in women. Values of 1RM significantly decreased in men only after the age of 70. In women, values of 1RM continuously decreased after the age of 60. CONCLUSION: The maximal muscle strength of individuals with type 2 diabetes decreases with age. We believe that resistance training is especially beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the sixth decade of life.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- The Effects of Floor-seated Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Depression, and Sleep in Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Min-Jung Choi, Kyeong-Yae Sohng International Journal of Gerontology.2018; 12(2): 116. CrossRef - The Effects of Aerobic/Resistance Exercise on Body Fat Mass, Muscle Strength and Endothelial Function in Korean Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Patients
Kyung Wan Min Journal of Korean Diabetes.2011; 12(1): 6. CrossRef - The Correlations between Extremity Circumferences with Total and Regional Amounts of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Strength in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Hee Jung Ahn, Jae Hyuk Lee, Gang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(4): 374. CrossRef - The Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle and Body Fat Mass and Muscle Strength in Type 2 Diabetic Women
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Bo-Kyung Koo, Ho Chul Kim, Kyung Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 101. CrossRef - Relationship of Maximal Muscle Strength with Body Mass Index and Aerobics Capacity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Ah Han, Yun Hyi Ku, Hee Jung Ahn, Bo Kyung Koo, Kyung Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(6): 511. CrossRef
- Effects of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
-
Yun Hyi Ku, Bo Kyung Koo, Hee Jung Ahn, Ji Yun Jeong, Hee Geum Seok, Ho Chul Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(5):401-411. Published online October 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.5.401
-
-
3,481
View
-
53
Download
-
7
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
Exercise offers protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. We evaluated the benefits of exercise at different levels of intensity for ameliorating inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in a sample of type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS: Fifty-nine overweight women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to control (CG, N = 18), moderate-intensity exercise (MEG, N = 17), and vigorous-intensity exercise (VEG, N = 14) groups. Patients in the two experimental groups completed a 12-week exercise program, with their exercise activities monitored by accelerometers. We assessed the patients' body weights, total abdominal fat (TF), subcutaneous fat (SF) and visceral fat (VF) via computed tomography, measurements of plasma levels of hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), assessment of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and evaluation of insulin sensitivity by insulin tolerance tests, at baseline, at the end of the 12-week interventions, and one year after initiation of the study. RESULTS: At baseline, the average age of all subjects was 54 +/- 7 years, and average body mass index (BMI) was 26.9 +/- 2.5 kg/m2. During the intervention, patients in the MEG and VEG groups expended comparable amounts of activity-related calories (488.6 +/- 111.9 kcal/day, 518.8 +/- 104.1 kcal/day, respectively). Although BMI, TF, and SF decreased similarly in the MEG and VEG groups (deltaBMI: -1.1 +/- 0.7, -0.8 +/- 0.5, deltaTF: -4,647 +/- 3,613 mm2, -2,577 +/- 2,872 mm2, deltaSF: -2,057 +/- 2,021 mm2, -1,141 +/- 1,825 mm2, respectively), compared to control (P<0.01), hs-CRP, IL-6, and FMD remained constant in both exercise groups even after completion of the 12-week exercise intervention. Insulin sensitivity improved only in patients subjected to vigorous exercise (VEG). Visceral fat loss was observed only in patients subjected to moderate exercise (MEG). At one-year follow up, these values had all returned to baseline. CONCLUSION: Exercise vigorous enough to result in significant weight and fat reduction did not ameliorate inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as measured at the end of a 12-week exercise intervention, nor did it result in sustained improvements in insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Different intensities of aerobic training for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Chi Su, Lihua Huang, Shaochen Tu, Shengdi Lu Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Georgia Papagianni, Chrystalla Panayiotou, Michail Vardas, Nikolaos Balaskas, Constantinos Antonopoulos, Dimitrios Tachmatzidis, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Vaia Lambadiari, Nikolaos P.E. Kadoglou Cytokine.2023; 164: 156157. CrossRef - Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Xiaoke Chen, Xinzheng Sun, Chenghao Wang, Hui He, Jos L. Quiles Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef - Effect of Diabetic Dietary Education Program on Diabetes Knowledge and Dietary Behaviors of Elderly Diabetic Patients
Ji Young Ye, Sung Hee Min, Min June Lee Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2017; 33(5): 601. CrossRef - Effect of aerobic exercise intensity on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized trials
Yilina Liubaoerjijin, Tasuku Terada, Kevin Fletcher, Normand G. Boulé Acta Diabetologica.2016; 53(5): 769. CrossRef - Letter: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Korean Diabetes J 33(5):401-411, 2009)
Dong-Lim Kim Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(6): 547. CrossRef - Response: Effects of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Korean Diabetes J 33:(5)401-411, 2009)
Yun Hyi Ku, Bo-Kyung Koo, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2009; 33(6): 549. CrossRef
- Association Between Volume of Bowls and the Dietary Intakes in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.
-
Hee Jung Ahn, Bo Kyung Koo, Ji Yeon Jung, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Mi Yeon Chung, Yun Hyi Ku, Jin Taek Kim, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(4):335-343. Published online August 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.4.335
-
-
3,021
View
-
26
Download
-
6
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
The results of previous studies suggest that portion size is a major factor dictating dietary energy intake. We investigated the relationship between frequencies of rice meals, bowl volumes, and dietary energy intake in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 203 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study. A one-week food diary was collected from each patient and used to assess the types of meal consumed as well as the context of consumption. The volumes of the eating vessels (rice, soup and side dish bowls) used by each patient were obtained by comparisons to measuring cylinders, and dietary energy and macronutrient intake were estimated for each patient by consulting three-day dietary records. RESULTS: The mean age of the 203 subjects (male: 76, female: 127) was 53.9 +/- 9.1 years and the average body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 +/- 4.2 kg/m2. Among the subjects who ate three times per day, 96.4% consumed rice more than twice out of three meals. The median volume of rice bowls used by patients was 350 cc, of soup bowls was 530 cc and of side dish bowls was 260 cc. Portion size, as estimated by rice bowl volume, was not associated with BMI. Male subjects tended to eat out of larger rice and soup bowls (P < 0.001). Portion size was correlated with energy intake from rice (P = 0.021), but not with total energy intake (kcal/kg/day), especially in male subjects. CONCLUSION: Portion size of rice bowl was correlated with energy intake from rice, but not with total energy intake in male subjects with type 2 diabetes. To design effective meal planning methods for patients with type 2 diabetes, further prospective studies are warranted to investigate causative relationships between portion size andmetabolic conditions as well as variation by gender.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Trends in adherence to dietary recommendations among Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Kyong Park Nutrition Research and Practice.2015; 9(6): 658. CrossRef - Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan for Energy and Marcronutrient Intake in Korean Men with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Hee Jung Ahn, Kyung Ah Han, Jin Young Jang, Jae Hyuk Lee, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2011; 35(3): 273. CrossRef - Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level
Jihyun Choi, Hyun-Kyung Moon The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(5): 463. CrossRef - Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan versus Food Exchange-Based Meal Plan for Weight, Glucose and Lipid Control in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Hee-Jung Ahn, Kyung-Ah Han, Hwi-Ryun Kwon, Bo-Kyung Koo, Hyun-Jin Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 86. CrossRef - The Effects of Small Sized Rice Bowl on Carbohydrate Intake and Dietary Patterns in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Hee-Jung Ahn, Yu-Kyung Eom, Kyung-Ah Han, Hwi-Ryun Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Kang Seo Park, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(3): 166. CrossRef - The Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan was Effective at Reducing Dietary Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Blood Glucose Levels in Korean Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hee Jung Ahn, Kyung Ah Han, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Kyung Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(6): 340. CrossRef
- Bowl-Based Meal Plan versus Food Exchange-Based Meal Plan for Dietary Intake Control in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
-
Hee Jung Ahn, Boo Kyung Koo, Ji Yeon Jung, Hwi Ryun Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Ah Han, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2009;33(2):155-163. Published online April 1, 2009
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2009.33.2.155
-
-
2,819
View
-
33
Download
-
6
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
The food exchange-based meal plan is effective in controlling dietary energy intake with a macronutrient balance. However, it is difficult to practice for relatively low-literacy patients. As an alternative, we developed a system employing a standardized-sized bowl and investigated its effectiveness on achieving proper energy intake and macronutrient composition and patient compliance, compared to the conventional food exchange system in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Eighty subjects with type 2 diabetes were assigned to both the novel bowl-based meal plan group (BG) and the food exchange-based meal plan group (ExG). BG received limited simple instructions for the plan. Time spent for plan instruction was 10 min for BG and 40 min for ExG. Dietary energy and macronutrient intake were estimated with 3-day dietary records and patient comprehension of the plan was estimated with a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, dietary energy compliance showed no difference between the groups (BG: 103 +/- 10%, ExG: 101 +/- 17%). Both groups showed significant reduction in carbohydrate and protein intake and there was no difference in the proportion of carbohydrate, protein and fat in energy intake between the groups despite the shorter instruction time for BG. Following the instruction period, there was no difference in the understanding score between the groups. CONCLUSION: This bowl-based plan was equally effective as the food exchange-based plan in controlling dietary energy intake and macronutrient composition, as well as patient comprehension and compliance. Our novel plan may allow for more cost-effective methods in terms of time needed for plan instruction.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Practical Diet Education for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Tips for Physicians
Choong Hee Kim, Jun Sung Moon The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2016; 17(4): 253. CrossRef - Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju
Jeong-Sook Bae, Mi-Hyun Kim, Sook-Bae Kim Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 65. CrossRef - Effects of Chronic Disease Management Based on Clinics for Blood Pressure or Glycemic Control in Patients with Hypertension or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Won Cheong, Jun Yim, Dae-Kyu Oh, Jeong-Soo Im, Kwang Pil Ko, Yun Mi Kim Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(2): 108. CrossRef - Small Rice Bowl-Based Meal Plan versus Food Exchange-Based Meal Plan for Weight, Glucose and Lipid Control in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Hee-Jung Ahn, Kyung-Ah Han, Hwi-Ryun Kwon, Bo-Kyung Koo, Hyun-Jin Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(2): 86. CrossRef - Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level
Jihyun Choi, Hyun-Kyung Moon The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(5): 463. CrossRef - The Effects of Small Sized Rice Bowl on Carbohydrate Intake and Dietary Patterns in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Hee-Jung Ahn, Yu-Kyung Eom, Kyung-Ah Han, Hwi-Ryun Kwon, Hyun Jin Kim, Kang Seo Park, Kyung-Wan Min Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(3): 166. CrossRef
- Analysis of Meal Habits from the Viewpoint of Regularity in Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
-
Hee Jung Ahn, Kyung Ah Han, Boo Kyung Koo, Hyun Jin Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Kang Seo Park, Kyung Wan Min
-
Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):68-76. Published online February 1, 2008
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.1.68
-
-
2,881
View
-
61
Download
-
8
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
- BACKGROUND
The regular meal pattern with consistent day-to-day calorie and carbohydrate intake is one of the most important determinants of good glycemic control in diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the meal pattern and their relationships with total energy intake, nutrients intake and glycemic and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 1,084 subjects were divided according to glycemic status into three groups: the diabetes (DM), dysglycemia (DG) and normal (N). The meal frequency (MF), meal interval (MI) and daily intake of total energy, macronutrient and micronutrient were estimated with the 24 hours dietary recall from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2001 and Eulji hospital. For analysis of meal pattern and it's relations with the nutrients intake, we regrouped into meal skipper (G1), non-meal skipper with unreasonable MI (G2), and non-meal skipper with reasonable MI (G3). RESULTS: 17.5% of DM, 21.8% of DG, 23.3% of N skipped at least one meal a day without significant difference across the groups. 55.9% of non-meal skipper had unreasonable MI. Meal was more regular in older age, lower educated person, employee, and female. G1 took higher fat, and more calories form snack and less micronutrient density, compared with G3 (P < 0.05). HbA1c, total cholesterol and triglyceride values were higher in G1 compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Many type 2 diabetics had the irregular meal patterns, which was associated with poor glycemic control, lipid profiles and less micronutrient density. This suggested that another treatment strategy might be required for those who had irregular lifestyle.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by 
- Adherence to Dietary Guidelines among Diabetes Patients: Comparison between Elderly and Non-Elderly Groups
Haeun Jang, Jihyun Im, Kyong Park Clinical Nutrition Research.2021; 10(1): 14. CrossRef - Effect of Diabetic Dietary Education Program on Diabetes Knowledge and Dietary Behaviors of Elderly Diabetic Patients
Ji Young Ye, Sung Hee Min, Min June Lee Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2017; 33(5): 601. CrossRef - Five Year's Follow-up of the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among the Low Level Organic Solvent Exposure Workers
Mi-Ae Kim Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(2): 67. CrossRef - A Predictive Model of Health Outcomes for Young People with Type 2 Diabetes
Sun Young Jung, Sook Ja Lee, Sun Hee Kim, Kyung Mi Jung Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(1): 73. CrossRef - Need for Development of a List of Meals for Diabetic Patients and Development of Barley-Based Diabetic Meals
Ji Hye Ryu, Jeong Ok Rho Family and Environment Research.2013; 51(5): 551. CrossRef - Comorbidity Study on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Data Mining
Hye Soon Kim, A Mi Shin, Mi Kyung Kim, Yoon Nyun Kim The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2012; 27(2): 197. CrossRef - Factors that Affect Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Kyung-Ae Park, Jung-Guk Kim, Bo-Wan Kim, Sin Kam, Keon-Yeop Kim, Sung-Woo Ha, Sung-Taek Hyun Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(1): 55. CrossRef - Nutrients and Dish Intake by Fasting Blood Glucose Level
Jihyun Choi, Hyun-Kyung Moon The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(5): 463. CrossRef
|