1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
2Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
5Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang, Korea
6Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
7Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
8Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
9Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
Copyright © 2022 Korean Diabetes Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
In-Kyung Jeong was editor in chief of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal from 2020 to 2021. Kyu Yeon Hur and Sung Hee Choi were editorial board member of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal from 2020 to 2021. Jung Hyun Noh was associate editor of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal from 2020 to 2021. They were not involved in the review process of this article. Otherwise, there was no conflict of interest.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conception or design: H.J.K., S.H.C.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: H.J.K, I.K.J., K.Y.H., S.K.K., J.H.N., S.W.C., E.S.K., E.J.R., S.H.C.
Drafting the work or revising: H.J.K., I.K.J., S.H.C.
Final approval of the manuscript: H.J.K, I.K.J., K.Y.H., S.K.K., J.H.N., S.W.C., E.S.K., E.J.R., S.H.C.
FUNDING
The study was funded by the Takeda Pharmaceutical Company limited, Japan and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company limited, Korea with the initiation of investigator proposal of the study. 'Takeda' had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). P values were applied by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables.
GLIM, glimepiride; ALO, alogliptin; ALO-PIO, alogliptin-pioglitazone; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GT, glutamyl transpeptidase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; RAS, renin-angiotensin system.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation in baseline, and change at week 12 and week 24 data are adjusted mean±standard error. P values were applied by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; adjusted variable: baseline value) with Bonferroni for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test adjusted by Bonferroni for categorical variables.
GLIM, glimepiride; ALO, alogliptin; ALO-PIO, alogliptin-pioglitazone; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation in baseline, and change at week 24 data are adjusted mean±standard error. P values were applied by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni for baseline values and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; adjusted variable: baseline value) with Bonferroni for adjusted mean change at week 24.
GLIM, glimepiride; ALO, alogliptin; ALO-PIO, alogliptin-pioglitazone; SD, standard deviation; CONGA, continuous overall net glycemic action; HBGI, High Blood Glucose Index; MODD, mean of daily differences; MAGE, mean amplitude of glucose excursions; ADDR, average daily risk range.