Fig. 1Time series of (A) pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), (B) neuropeptide Y (NPY), and (C) agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expressions after administration of saturated fatty acid into the stomach. Values are mean±standard error for three to four mice per group. aP<0.01 vs. other groups, bP<0.01 vs. other groups.
Fig. 2Relative (A) pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), (B) neuropeptide Y (NPY), and (C) agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expressions 2 hours after administration of saturated (high saturated fatty acid [SFA]) or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) into the stomach. Values are mean±standard error for nine to 12 mice per group. aP<0.01 vs. control, bP<0.05 vs. control or SFA, cP<0.01 vs. control or SFA.
Fig. 3Relative (A) pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), (B) neuropeptide Y (NPY), and (C) agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expressions in various diet fed mice. Values are mean±standard error for six to nine mice per group. CHO, high carbohydrates diet group; SFA, high saturated fat diet group; PUFA, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet group. aP<0.05 vs. CHO, bP<0.05 vs. SFA, cP<0.01 vs. CHO.
Fig. 4Correlations between the ratio of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expressions and (A) food intake (g) or (B) food intake (kcal) in various diet fed mice.
Table 1Experimental diet compositions
Ingredient |
Group |
CHO |
SFA |
PUFA |
Unit, g/kg |
|
|
|
Chowa
|
700 |
← |
← |
Sucrose |
300 |
- |
- |
Butterb
|
- |
300 |
- |
Fish oilc
|
- |
- |
300 |
Unit, % kcal |
|
|
|
Carbohydrate |
70.6 |
40.6 |
← |
Fat |
12.6 |
42.6 |
← |
Protein |
16.8 |
16.8 |
← |
Caloric value, kcal/g |
3.34 |
4.96 |
4.96 |
Table 2Food intake in CHO, SFA, and PUFA diet fed mice
Variable |
CHO |
SFA |
PUFA |
Weight amount, g |
5.3±0.21 |
4.1±0.16a
|
4.0±0.17a
|
Calorie intake, kcal |
17.7±0.70 |
20.3±0.79b
|
19.8±0.84b
|